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8 / 2012

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Revista: 8 / 2012
Anul Publicarii:2012
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Revista Transilvania

Științe socio-umane

Arte vizuale

Filozofie și studii sociale

Antropologie și etnologie

Sociologie

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George Cătălin Nicolau, Periodizarea istoriei limbii române în concepţia lui G. Ivănescu. Perspectivă

Autor: George Cătălin Nicolau
Email: catalin_george2001@yahoo.com

The periodization of the History of the Romanian Language according to G. Ivănescu. A Social‑Historical Approach

In this paper we aim at presenting the way in which the Iassian linguist G Ivănescu divided the history of the Romanian language, as well as the social‑historical criteria which lay at the basis of this division. We limit our presentation to the development of the spoken Romanian language, from its origin until the 16th century, and disregard its written version, since the latter, according to the Iassian researcher, is influenced by other factors and it, therefore, needs to be separated from the evolution of the spoken dialects. We also attempt to highlight the causalist perspective that characterises Ivănescu’s vision upon the diachronic linguistic phenomenon, that is, the cause‑effect relation between various extra‑linguistic factors and the evolution of the Romanian language.

Keywords: language change, language history, basis of articulation, vulgar Latin, extra‑linguistic factors, psychological basis

  • Vasile Arvinte, Studii de istorie a limbii române (Surveys in the History of the Romanian language) Editura Universităţii „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Iaşi, 2006.
  • Coseriu, Lecţii de lingvistică generală (Lessons in General Linguistics), traducere din spaniolă de Eugenia Bojoga, ARC, Chişinău, 2000.
  • Coseriu, Introducere în lingvistică (Introduction to Linguistics), traducere de Elena Ardeleanu şi Eugenia Bojoga, editura Echinox, Cluj, 1999.
  • Ivănescu, Istoria limbii romîne în lumina materialismului dialectic (The History of the Romanian Language in the Light of Dialectical Materialism), în „Buletinul Institutului de Filologie Romînă“, vol. XIII-XIV (1946-1947), Iaşi, p. 3‑48.
  • Ivănescu, Istoria limbii române (The History of the Romanian Language), ediţia a II‑a, Junimea, Iaşi, 2000.
  • Ivănescu, O nouă teorie despre formarea limbilor romanice şi despre cauzele schimbărilor limbii, (A New Theory on the Formation of Romance Languages and the Causes of Linguistic Changes) în „Revista de filologie romanică şi germanică“, Bucureşti, V, 1961, nr. 2, p. 361‑371.
  • Ivănescu, Problemele capitale ale vechii române literare (Essential Problems of the Old Written Romanian Language), în „Buletinul Institutului de Filologie Romînă”, vol. XI‑XII, Iaşi, 1947, p. 1‑412.
  • Ivănescu, Studii de istorie a limbii române literare (Surveys in the History of the Romanian Written Language), Junimea, Iaşi, 1988.

Elena Vieru, Behaviorism în proza lui Vasile Voiculescu

Autor: Elena VIERU
Email: elenavieru@yahoo.com

Behaviorism în Vasile Voiculescu’s prose

In the psycholinguistic interpretation, we start from the assumption that the specific language of literature is influenced by deep psychological factors. We have proved that there is a strong connection between the expression and communication needs of the author and the language that he learned in childhood or later on. Under such circumstances, the language is the one that reflects the psychological state of the writer, this creating a special stylistic context. We focussed on the interpretation of a short-story, Behaviorism, which is written by Vasile Voiculescu.

Keywords: Psycholinguistic, Behaviorism, Behaviour, Parable, Allegory, Idiolect

  • Chomsky, Noam, Le langage et la pensée, Payot, Paris, 1970.
  • Ducrot, Oswald, Schaeffer Jean Marie, The New Dictionary of Language Sciences, Ed. Babel, Bucharest, 1996.
  • Eminescu, Mihai, Fragmentarium, Ed. Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, Bucharest, 1981.
  • Munteanu, Eugen, An Introduction in Linguistics, Ed. Polirom, Iaşi, 2005
  • Slama-Cazacu, Tatiana, An Introduction in Psycholinguistic, Ed.Ştiinţifică, Bucharest, 1968.
  • Slama-Cazacu, Tatiana, Psycholinguistic Reading, Ed. Didactică şi Pedagogică, Bucharest, 1980.
  • Slama-Cazacu, Tatiana, , Psycholinguistic- A Science of Communication, Ed. All, Bucharest, 1999.
  • Slama-Cazacu, Tatiana, Life, Personality, Language, A Contextual- Dinamic Analysis, Ed. Minerva, Bucharest, 2006.
  • Vianu, Tudor, Stylistics Studies, Ed. Didactică şi Pedagogică, Bucharest, 1968.
  • Voiculescu, Vasile, White Thoughts, Ed. Cartea Românească, Bucharest, 1986.

Vasile Mărculeţ, Revenirea bizantină la Dunărea de Jos (971)

Autor: Elena VIERU
Email: elenavieru@yahoo.com

Behaviorism în Vasile Voiculescu’s prose

In the psycholinguistic interpretation, we start from the assumption that the specific language of literature is influenced by deep psychological factors. We have proved that there is a strong connection between the expression and communication needs of the author and the language that he learned in childhood or later on. Under such circumstances, the language is the one that reflects the psychological state of the writer, this creating a special stylistic context. We focussed on the interpretation of a short-story, Behaviorism, which is written by Vasile Voiculescu.

Keywords: Psycholinguistic, Behaviorism, Behaviour, Parable, Allegory, Idiolect

  • Chomsky, Noam, Le langage et la pensée, Payot, Paris, 1970.
  • Ducrot, Oswald, Schaeffer Jean Marie, The New Dictionary of Language Sciences, Ed. Babel, Bucharest, 1996.
  • Eminescu, Mihai, Fragmentarium, Ed. Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, Bucharest, 1981.
  • Munteanu, Eugen, An Introduction in Linguistics, Ed. Polirom, Iaşi, 2005
  • Slama-Cazacu, Tatiana, An Introduction in Psycholinguistic, Ed.Ştiinţifică, Bucharest, 1968.
  • Slama-Cazacu, Tatiana, Psycholinguistic Reading, Ed. Didactică şi Pedagogică, Bucharest, 1980.
  • Slama-Cazacu, Tatiana, , Psycholinguistic- A Science of Communication, Ed. All, Bucharest, 1999.
  • Slama-Cazacu, Tatiana, Life, Personality, Language, A Contextual- Dinamic Analysis, Ed. Minerva, Bucharest, 2006.
  • Vianu, Tudor, Stylistics Studies, Ed. Didactică şi Pedagogică, Bucharest, 1968.
  • Voiculescu, Vasile, White Thoughts, Ed. Cartea Românească, Bucharest, 1986.

Vlad Sofronie, Das byzantinische Zeremoniell in der Interpretation der Chronisten des IV. Kreuzzuges und die Folgen dieses kulturellen Konfliktes für die Eroberung Konstantinopels von 1204

Autor: Vlad SOFRONIE
Email: vladsofronie@hotmail.com

The Byzantine Court Ceremonial in the Interpretation of the Chroniclers of the Fourth Crusade and the Consequences of this Cultural Conflict in the Reduction of Constantinople from 1204

This article wants to analyze the way the chroniclers of the fourth crusade perceived the court ceremonial from Constantinople. The main objective of this study is to show that the anti-Byzantine propaganda was something premeditated even on cultural field. The presentation of the Byzantine court ceremonial in the Latin sources from the papacy or other political factors from the Occident was tendentious and interested. All their anti-Byzantine propaganda had a certain target: the reduction of Constantinople. The accusations that the Latin chroniclers developed against Byzantium before 1204 disappear after their victory from the beginning of the 13th century. The purpose for this silence is to justify their actions and to explain that it was their right to possess the enormous and single Byzantine wealth.

Keywords: ceremonial, chroniclers, reduction, rituals, costumes, crusaders, title.

  • Alberic, Of Trois Fontaines, Chronicle, London, 1971.
  • Gunther, von Pairis, Die Geschichte der Eroberung von Konstantinopel / The history of the conquest of Constantinople, Köln, Graz, 1956.
  • Ralph, Of Coogeshall, Chronicle, in: Contemporary Sources of the Fourth Crusade, ed. Alfred Andrea, S. 263-297.
  • Robert, de Clari, La Conquête de Constantinople/ The Conquest of Constantinople, ed. Philippe Lauer, Paris, 1924.
  • Robert, de Clari, The Conquest of Constantinople, ed. & tr. Edgar McNeal, 1996.
  • Villehardouin, Geoffroy de, La conquete de Constantinople/The Conquest of Constantinople, Paris, 1939.
  • Villehardouin, Geoffroy de, La conquete de Constantinople/ The Conquest of Constantinople, Paris, 1958.

Daniel Şandru, Public intellectuals, ideological options, and “political religions”. The case of interwar Romania

Autor: Daniel ŞANDRU
Email: danielsandru2005@yahoo.com

Public intellectuals, ideological options, and “political religions”. The case of interwar Romania

The main goal of this contribution is to discuss the intellectuals’ social and political role. By placing this issue within the timeframe of interwar Romania all I do is to subscribe to a line of research whose minimal aim is to assume the past. Of course, this is not a new thing, seeing that the entire European area is still owing an answer to the question: “why was totalitarianism possible?”. From my viewpoint, a major role in the creation of the conditions of possibility for the political evil specific to this type of regime was played by intellectuals. In this respect, my intention is to show that, including in the Romanian area, well-known intellectuals were not mere prisoners of totalitarian illusions – regardless of whether we refer to Nazism or Bolshevism – but they were actively involved, through their writings and public speeches, in the promotion of these genuine “political religions”. The beliefs which dominant intellectuals managed to impose, in a given socio-historical context, as a realissimum – a term taken from Eric Voegelin’s political theory – were able to alter the socio-political evolution of entire societies and even to justify violence. Thus, they justified precisely the anti-political nature of totalitarian ideologies. In my opinion, this interpretative analysis is also applicable to some famous intellectuals from interwar Romania.

Keywords: interwar Romania, intellectuals, ideology, political religions, authoritarianism, crisis of democracy

  • Dahl, Robert, Poliarhiile. Participare şi opoziţie / Poliarchy. Participation and opposition, Institutul European, Iaşi, 2000.
  • Dogan, Mattei, Comparaţii şi explicaţii în ştiinţa politică şi în sociologie / Comparisons and explanations in sociology and political science, Institutul European, Iaşi, 2010.
  • Drăgulin, Sabin, „Nae Ionescu şi legitimarea extremei drepte româneşti”/”Nae Ionescu and the legitimation of the Romanian far right”, in Sfera Politicii, nr. 150/2010, p. 64.
  • Huntington, Samuel, The Third Wave. Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman and London, 1991.
  • Iliescu, Adrian-Paul, Anatomia răului politic / The anatomy of political evil, Ideea Europeană, Bucureşti, 2005.
  • Lijphart, Arend, Modele ale democraţiei. Forme de guvernare şi funcţionare în treizeci şi şase de ţări / Patterns of democracy. Government forms and performance in thirty-six countries, Polirom, Iaşi, 2000.
  • Lilla, Mark, Spiritul nesăbuit. Intelectualii în politică / The reckless mind: intellectuals in politics, Polirom, Iaşi, 2005.
  • Petreu, Marta, De la Junimea la Noica. Studii de cultură românească / From Junimea to Noica. Romanian cultural studies, Polirom, Iaşi, 2011.
  • Sartori, Giovanni, Teoria democraţiei reinterpretată / Theory of democracy revisited, Polirom, Iaşi, 1999.
  • Schumpeter, Joseph A., Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Routledge, London and New York, 2003.
  • Şandru, Daniel, „Ideological aspects in Petre Andrei’s political sociology”, in Transilvania, nr. 11 / 2011.
  • Tucker, Robert C., Filosofie şi mit la Karl Marx / Philosophy and myth in Karl Marx, Curtea Veche, Bucureşti, 2011.
  • Voegelin, Eric, Religiile politice / Political religions, Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2010.

Liviu Petcu, Experienţa extatică a sufletului în Dumnezeu după Sf. Grigorie al Nyssei (III)

Autor: Liviu PETCU
Email: patristica10@yahoo.com

St. Gregory of Nyssa on the ecstatic experience of the soul in God: sober intoxication, sleep awake, wound and flight of the soul (III)

St. Gregory lists several reasons that cause ecstasy: sober intoxication, sleep awake, wound and flight of the soul.

As far as the “sleep while awake” is concerned, this sleep, which always comes after such “drunkenness”, shows indifference for the outside world, going as far as working off the body senses. In such a state the mind solely stays awake, while the body is like in a sleep.

The image of the soul flying on the wings of the Holy Spirit in the Divinity air is strong. The idea of the soul flying on wings is found through-out early Christian literature, and a study of this concept reveals the multi-faceted background to the use of the phrase.

Keywords: Gregory of Nyssa, spiritual life, theological theory, ecstasy, sleep awake, wound and flight of the soul, impenetrable darkness of God, virtue.

Sources:

  • Sf. Grigorie de Nyssa – J. P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca (P. G.), vol. XLIV-XLVI;
  • *** col. Părinţi şi Scriitori bisericeşti (Fathers and Church Writers), vol. 29, traducere de Pr. Prof. Dumitru Stăniloae şi Preot Ioan Buga, Bucureşti, Editura Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1982, 493 p.;
  • *** col. Părinţi şi Scriitori bisericeşti (Fathers and Church Writers), vol. 30, traducere de Pr. Prof. Dr. Teodor Bodogae, Bucureşti, Editura Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1998, 477 p.;

Works, studies, articles:

  • *** Odele lui Solomon / The odes of Solomon, traducere şi introducere Ioan-Valentin Istrati, Bucureşti, Editura Anastasia, 2003, 240 p. ;
  • Alezeghy, Z., Fuite du Monde, în Dictionnaire de Spiritualité, Vol. 5, col. 1575-1600 ;
  • Boesse, Jean, Grigorie de Nyssa, în Marie-Madeleine Devy, Enciclopedia doctrinelor mistice, vol. I, traducere de Olimpia Berca, Editura Amarcord, Timişoara, 1997, p. 308-313;
  • Burns, Stuart, Divine Ecstasy in Gregory of Nyssa and Pseudo-Macarius: Flight and Intoxication, în The Greek Orthodox Theological Review, vol. 44, Nos. 1-4, 1999, p. 309-327;
  • Cherniss, H. F., The Platonism of Gregory of Nyssa, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1930, p. 1-92;
  • Cleaveland, Adam B., Apo(cata)phatic interplay. An analysis of the role of apophatic Theology and the interplay between Apophatic and cataphatic theologies In Pseudo-Dionysius’ Mystical Theology, mss., 10 january 2005, articol disponibil la adresa web http://pomomusings.com/wp-content/writing/Apophatic.pdf, accesat la 6 Iulie 2011, 26 p. ;
  • Daniélou, Jean, From Glory to Glory. Texts from Gregory of Nyssa’s Mystical writings, New York, 1995, p. 33-46;
  • Dodds, Er., Pagan and Christian in an Age of Anxiety, Cambridge, 1965, 144;
  • Dörries, Hermann, Die Theologie des Makarios/Symeon, Göttingen, 1978, 477 p.;
  • Evdokimov, Paul, Cunoaşterea lui Dumnezeu / The knowledge of God, Traducerea, prefaţa şi notele de Pr. Lect. Dr. Vasile Răducă, Editura Christiana, Bucureşti, 1995, 140 p. ;
  • Ferguson, E., God’s infinity and man’s mutability, în The Greek Theological Review, vol. XVIII, Nr. 1 & 2, 1973, p. 59-78;
  • Florea, Pr. Dr. Ștefan, Spiritualitate şi desăvârşire la Sfântul Grigorie de Nyssa / Spirituality and perfection in St. Gregory of Nyssa, Bucureşti, Editura Asa, 2004, 349 p.;
  • Pop, Pr. Drd. Liviu, Doctrina Sfântului Har la Marii Părinţi ai secolului al IV-lea / The Doctrine of Grace in The Great Fathers of the Holy fourth century, în Orizonturi Teologice, Anul I (2000), Nr. 2, p. 127-161;
  • Rorem, Paul, Pseudo-Dionysius: A Commentary on the Texts and an Introduction to Their Influence, New York, Oxford University Press, 1993, 267 p. ;
  • Soulignac, H. J. Sieben-A., Ivresse Spirituelle, în Dictionnaire de Spirituelle, 7, col. 2312-2337;
  • Špídlik, Tomáš, Spiritualitatea Răsăritului Creştin. Manual sistematic / Spirituality of The Christian East, Ediţia a II-a, Traducere şi prezentare de Diac. Ioan I. Ică Jr., Sibiu, Editura Deisis, 2005, 486 p. ;
  • Stănescu, Magistrand N. V., Cunoaşterea lui Dumnezeu la Sfântul Grigorie de Nyssa / The Knowledge of God in Gregory of Nyssa, în Studii Teologice, Anul X (1958), Nr. 1-2, p. 14-37;
  • Stewart, Columba, Working the Earth of the Earth, Oxford, 1991, 352 p. ;
  • Völker, W., Gregor von Nyssa als Mystiker, Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1955, p. 274-282 ;
  • Williams, Janet, The Apophatic Theology of Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite, în Downside Review, 117, July, 1999, p. 157-72;

Studii literare

Teodora Dumitru, Eugen Lovinescu şi «evangheliile» modernităţii literare europene

Autor: Teodora DUMITRU
Email: teodora.dumitru@yahoo.com

E. Lovinescu between Marcel Raymond’s De Baudelaire au surréalisme and Hugo Friedrich’s Structure of Modern Poetry

In this paper, I shall discuss the relations between the works of Romanian literary critic E. Lovinescu and two major seminal books on European modernism written by Marcel Raymond and Hugo Friedrich. Therefore I shall follow and debate the idea of Modernity seen as a (dis)continuous relation with what is called Tradition.

In putting into practice his idea of an aspirational synchronicity of Romanian literary field towards Western conceptual apparatus, Lovinescu tried to borrow and assimilate French methods and ideas, despite the almost virgin Romanian soil in what concerns a strong literary tradition: hence the mixed aspect, ingenious yet sometimes contradictious, of many solutions Lovinescu improvised.

Despite Lovinescu’s debts to French school of literary criticism, his oeuvre is in reality much closer to Hugo Friedrich’s vision on a discontinuous poetical modernism than to Marcel Raymond’s historical unifying concept.

Keywords: E. Lovinescu, Marcel Raymond, Hugo Friedrich, istorie literară, modernism, tradiţie, continuitate, ruptură

  • Hugo Friedrich, Structura liricii moderne/ The Structure of Modern Poetry, în româneşte de Dieter Fuhrmann, prefaţă de Mircea Martin, Editura Univers, Bucureşti, 1998.
  • Thomas S. Kuhn, Structura revoluţiilor ştiinţifice/ The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, traducere de Radu J. Bogdan, cu un studiu introductiv de Mircea Flonta, Editura Humanitas, 2008.
  • Lovinescu, Poezia nouă, în Critice, vol. IX, Editura Ancora, Bucureşti, 1923.
  • Lovinescu, „Războiul generator de literatură”/ ‘The Literature Generator War’, „Sburătorul”, nr. 3, 3 mai 1919; inclus în „Anexe la revizuiri. Revizuiri morale…”, Critice, VI, ediţie definitivă, Editura Ancora, Bucureşti, 1928, pp. 175-176.
  • Lovinescu, Istoria literaturii române contemporane/ History of Contemporary Romanian Literature, I-VI, Editura Ancora-Benvenisti, Bucureşti, 1926-1929;
  • Lovinescu, Istoria literaturii române contemporane, 1900-1937/ History of Contemporary Romanian Literature 1900-1937, Editura Librăriei Socec&Co., Bucureşti, 1937.
  • Mircea Martin, Concepţia critică a lui Marcel Raymond/ Marcel Raymond’s Conception on Literary Criticism, studiu introductiv la Marcel Raymond, De la Baudelaire la suprarealism, ediţia citată mai jos.
  • Mircea Martin, „Hugo Friedrich şi poezia ca diferenţă radicală”/ ‘Hugo Friedrich and the Poetry as Radical Difference’, prefaţă la Hugo Friedrich, Structura liricii moderne, ediţia citată.
  • Marcel Raymond, De la Baudelaire la suprarealism/ De Baudelaire au surréalisme/ From Baudelaire to Suprarealism, în româneşte de Leonid Dimov, studiu introductiv de Mircea Martin, Editura Univers, 1970.
  • Albert Thibaudet, „Atenţie la unic”/ «Attention à l’unique»/ ‘Pay attention to the unique’, NRF, aprilie 1936.
  • Albert Thibaudet, Histoire de la littérature française [de 1798 jusqu’à nos jours]/ History of French Literature from 1789 to Our Era, Avant-propos de Michel Leymarie, CNRS Éditions, Paris, 2007.

Antonio Patraş, E. Lovinescu. Pentru reabilitarea modelului melodramatic în literatura modernă (II)

Autor: Antonio PATRAŞ
Email: antoniopatras@yahoo.ca

E. Lovinescu. The retrieval of the melodramatic model in modern literature (I)

Always focused on the dialogue between pleasure and ideology, with an echo in the present reality, melodrama played the part of an open aesthetical form, encouraging the public to acknowledge and self-perceive its identity with a sort of enthusiasm which foregoes the mass culture phenomenon. Contrary to the views expressed by Lovinescu and other theorists which assert the eternity of melodramatic structures (Eric Bentley, among others), Peter Brooks harbours the melodramatic category to the strict boundaries of modern culture – and, particularly, to the purist aesthetics of modernity – by neglecting its socio-cultural side. Aesthetically speaking, the outstanding originality of melodrama does not lie in the psychological insight on fictional characters which are now moulded according to an “existential” way of being. It is the intrigue the element which keeps a tensioned atmosphere of suspense and, more precisely, the explicit scenic disposition which astonishes the public by displaying pompous paraphernalia and theatrical effects and draws the spectator to recognize the eternal pattern of good-evil fight. After its stage settings and awesome effects, melodrama actually comes nearer to the experimental genres. It releases the strong feeling that, bearing the ability to reshape itself on various contexts and conditions, melodrama resembles very much to the model of avant-garde literature. Lovinescu’s point in pinning up the actuality of melodrama is nevertheless meritorious as, engrained by melodramatic techniques, his novels break open the ways to other perspectives on modernism.

Keywords: melodrama, melodramatic, mass-culture, lyricism, suggestion, musicality, psychologism, expressionism

I.

  • Lovinescu, Opere (Works), edited by Maria Simionescu and Alexandru George, Bucharest: “Minerva” Publishing House, 1982-1992
  • * * , Scrieri (Writings), edited by Eugen Simion, Bucharest: “Minerva” Publishing House, 1969-1982

II.

  • Ien Ang, Watching Dallas. Soap Opera and the Melodramatic Imagination, London and New York: Routledge, 1996
  • Peter Brooks, The Melodramatic imagination: Balzac, Henry James, Melodrama & the Mode of Excess, New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1976
  • Paul Cernat, Modernismul retro în romanul românesc interbelic (Vintage Modernism in the Romanian Inter-bellum Novel), Bucharest: “ART” Publishing House, 2009
  • Imitations of Life. Two Centuries of Melodrama in Rusia, edited by Louise McReynolds and Joan Neuberger; London & Durham: Duke University Press, 2002
  • André Jolles, Formes simples (Simple Figures), translated by Antoine Marie Buguet, Paris: Seuil, 1972
  • Georg Lukács, Teoria romanului (The Theory of the Novel), translated by Viorica Nişcov, Bucharest: “Univers” Publishing House, 1977
  • The Cultural Emergence of a Genre, Edited by Michael Hayes and Anastasia Nikolopoulou, London: McMillan Press, 1996
  • Angelo Mitchievici, Decadenţă şi decadentism în contextul modernităţii româneşti şi europene (Decadence and Decadentism in Romanian and European Modernity), Bucharest: “Curtea Veche” Publishing House, 2011
  • Virgil Nemoianu, Îmblânzirea romantismului (The Taming of Romanticism), translated by Alina Florea şi Sanda Aronescu, Bucharest: “Minerva” Publishing House, 1998
  • Mario Praz, La crisi dell’eroe nel romanzo vittoriano (The Crisis of the Hero in the Victorian Novel), Firenze: N. C. Sansoni, Editore, 1952
  • Frank Rahill, The World of Melodrama, University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1967
  • Marthe Robert, Romanul începuturilor şi începuturile romanului (The Origins of the Novel), translated by Paula Voicu-Dohotaru, Bucharest: “Univers” Publishing House, 1983.

Nicoleta Cliveţ, Gheorghe Grigurcu – conceptul critic

Autor: Nicoleta CLIVEŢ
Email: nicolclivet@yahoo. com

Gh. Grigurcu – The critical concept

The file leader of the artist-critics of the generation of the 60s, Gh. Grigurcu employs a critical language of such a lofty poetic quality that it does not leaves the impression of a metalanguage. His exegetic models do not act authoritative upon his writing; after an early passion for G. Călinescu, modelling factors as Vl. Streinu and Perpessicius interfere as well, but the true mentor is, for him, only E. Lovinescu. The critic also expressed his admiration about the exegeses of I. Negoiţescu, V. Ierunca and M. Lovinescu, seen as models of the devotion for the cause of literature, as examples of aesthetic militantism. From the new interpretative methodologies, Gh. Grigurcu makes a discrete pact with the least technical ones, as the thematism, in the continuation of which the critic can express his penchant for the engenderment of “figures of the creative spirit”.

The problem of the critic’s morality is connected, in the Lovinescian style, to that of the authority. From the chemistry of any critical authority must not lack discipline, self consistency, the poignant capacity of expression, taste, talent and, necessarily, the polemic spirit, as warrant of the capacity to protect the ethical and aesthetic ideals. The artistic predisposition, the polemic, being in the almost exclusive service of the literary chronicle, and the axiological perspective on literature are the main ingredients of Gh. Grigurcu’s writing. The 90s propels him in the vanguard of the aesthetic “revisions”, operated from an often too radical Lovinescian position.

Keywords: post-wars literary criticism, Lovinescianism, literary criticism, ethical and aesthetic militantism, polemic, axiological perspective, revisionism.

  • Grigurcu, Gheorghe, Idei şi forme critice/ Critical Ideas and Forms, Bucureşti, Ed. Cartea Românească, 1973.
  • Grigurcu, Gheorghe, Critici români de azi/ Romanian Critics of Today, Bucureşti, Ed. Cartea Românească, 1981.
  • Grigurcu, Gheorghe, Între critici/ Among Critics, Cluj-Napoca, Ed. Dacia, 1983.
  • Grigurcu, Gheorghe, E. Lovinescu între continuatori şi uzurpatori/ E. Lovinescu, between Followers and Usurpers, Bucureşti, Ed. „Jurnalul literar“, 1997.
  • Grigurcu, Gheorghe, A doua viaţă/ The Second Life , Bucureşti, Ed. Albatros, 1997.
  • Grigurcu, Gheorghe, Dialoguri crude şi insolite/ Raw and Unconventional Dialogues, realizate de Gr. Scarlat, Iaşi, Ed. Timpul, 1999.
  • Grigurcu, Gheorghe, Amurgul idolilor/ The Dawn of Gods, Bucureşti, Ed. Nemira, 1999.
  • Grigurcu, Gheorghe, În răspăr/ Upside Down, Cluj-Napoca, Ed. Dacia, 2001.
  • Martin, Mircea, Singura critică/ The only Criticism , ed. a II-a , revăzută, Bucureşti, Ed. Cartea Românească, 2006.
  • Simuţ, Ion, Arena actualităţii/ The Arena of Novelty, Iaşi, Ed. Polirom, 2000.

Anamaria Cristina Coroian, Gabriela Adameşteanu: la umbra confortabilă a romanului. Elemente de poetică

Autor: Anamaria Cristina COROIAN
Email: anamaria_ianosiu@yahoo.com

Gabriela Adameşteanu: beyond the comfortable shadows of her novels. Elements of poetics

The article focuses on the poetics of novels written by Gabriela Adameşteanu. Through her interviews, literary investigations, notes etc., the author expresses her point of view concerning the fundamentals of novel-writing. A revisiting of these metadiscursive ideas reveals the preference for long narrative paradigm, which provides her the safety of good writing and the comfort of a thing well done, even if the writer has to invest a lot of work in it. Thus, I have noted that Gabriela Adameşteanu’s theoretical perspective towards novel can be divided into three basic principles: there is an obvious connection between the act of writing and the generating context, i.e. the communism; there is an assuming, followed by a rejection concerning the overlapping between the author and the scriptical I and finally, there is a difference between revising, rewriting and completing her novels. The conclusion is that none of these principles has to be taken for granted, because one’s poetics reveals the creating intention, which is not always mirrored by the creation itself.

Keywords: Gabriela Adameşteanu, elements of poetics, novel, communism, scriptical.

Books:

  • Adameşteanu, Gabriela. Dăruieşte-ţi o zi de vacanţă/ Give Yourself a Day Off. Piteşti, Editura Paralela 45, 2002.
  • Albérès, R. M. Istoria romanului modern/ The History of Modern Novel. Bucureşti, Editura pentru Literatură Universală, 1968.
  • Kundera, Milan. Arta romanului/ The Art of the Novel. Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2008.
  • Ludwig, Pascal. Le langage/ The Language. Paris, Flammarion, 1997.
  • Pavel, Toma. Lumi ficţionale/ Fictional worlds. Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1992.

Articles:

from magazines:

  • Adameşteanu, Gabriela. Personajele în care ne regăsim/ The Characters We Find Ourself in. În Luceafărul, anul XVIII, 8/ 1975.
  • Băciuţ, Nicolae. Dialog cu Gabriela Adameşteanu/ In Dialogue with Gabriela Adameşteanu. În Vatra, seria nouă, anul XV, 169/1985.
  • Buciu, Marian, Victor. Gabriela Adameşteanu şi autenticismul subiectiv/ Gabriela Adameşteanu and the Subjective Authenticism. În Ideea europeană, anul XVI, 7/2005.
  • Pavel, Dora. Conversaţii cu … Gabriela Adameşteanu/ Conversations with… Gabriela Adameşteanu. În Apostrof, anul XII, 9/2000.
  • Petraş, Irina. Suntem făpturi mai complicate decât ne place să credem/ We are Beings more Complicated than We Might Think of. În Apostrof, an XIV, 10/2003.
  • Răspopa, Adrian. Sub zodia parantezei/ Under the Zodiac Sign of Parentheses. În Cultura, anul I, 18/2004.
  • Tatulici, Mihai. Anchetă literară/ Literary Investigation. În Amfiteatru, anul XII, 4/ 1977.

from electronic journals:

  • Chebac, Andreea. Gabriela Adameşteanu: „Am vrut să fiu liberă”/ Gabriela Adameşteanu: “I Wanted to Be Free”. În Interviuri, articol disponibil la adresa web http://www.bookblog.ro/interviu/gabriela-adamesteanu-„am-vrut-sa-fiu-libera-”/, accesat la 03.04. 2012.
  • Radu, Dia. Marea doamnă a prozei româneşti- GABRIELA ADAMEŞTEANU- „Scrisul vindecă traume”/ The Great Lady of Romanian Prose- GABRIELA ADAMEŞTEANU- “The Writing Cures Traumas”. În Formula AS, articol disponibil la adresa web http://www.formula-as.ro/2010/933/lumea-romaneasca-24/marea-doamna-a-prozei-romanesti-gabriela-adamesteanu-scrisul-vindeca-traume-12830, accesat la 20. 09. 2011.
  • Rotaru, Andra. Romancierul nu mai trebuie să spună nimic după ce şi-a scris cartea/ The Writer Has to Remain Silent after Having Written his Novel. În Luceafărul de dimineaţă, articol disponibil la adresa web http://www.revistaluceafarul.ro/index.html?id=2988&editie=128, accesat la 03. 04. 2012.

Andrei Bodiu, Despre demnitatea suferinţei

Autor: Andrei Bodiu
Email: andrei_bodiu@yahoo.com

About dignity of torment

This study continues the main idea of his latest works, the exploration of the ethic attitude in the Romanian literature at the beginning of the XXIst Century. This study is dedicated to a special author of the Romanian literature, Florin Constantin Pavlovici, the author, in 2009, of the book Frica şi pânda.(The Fear and the Watch). The main idea of the study is that Pavlovici shows what we call a „dignity of torment”. The enlightning idea of the study is that during communism, there were people who kept clear their conscience.

Keywords: Florin Constantin Pavlovici, the Fear and the Watch, ethic attitude, Romanian literature, dignity of torment

  • Manolescu, Nicolae, Istoria critică a literaturii române (The Critical History of The Romanian Literature), Piteşti, Paralela 45, 2008.
  • Pavlovici, Constantin Florin, Frica şi pânda (The Fear and the Torment), Bucureşti, ed. Muzeului Naţional al Literaturii Române, 2009.
  • Pavlovici, Constantin Florin, în Ion Barbu, interpretat de…, ediţie îngrijită de George Gibescu, Bucureşti, ed. Eminescu, 1976.
  • Rabelais, Francois, Gargantua şi Pantagruel, Bucureşti, Ed. Pentru literatură universală, 1967.
  • Voiculescu, Vasile, Iubire magică. Povestiri, Bucureşti, ed. Minerva, 1984.

Științe vizuale

Dosar

Istorie si studii culturale

Otilia Urs, Istoriografia coresiană. Partea a II-a. Bibliografia vieţii şi a activităţii diaconului Coresi

Autor: Otilia URS
Email: adelaelai@yahoo.com

 Coresi Historiography. Part Two.

A Bibliography of Deacon Coresi’s Life and Activity

The three parts of the study present an analytical bibliography dedicated to the life and work of printer Coresi who worked in Târgovişte and Braşov during the sixteenth century.

In order to achieve an account of the bibliography as objectively as possible one has used the thematic-chronological criterion. Meanwhile the value criterion has been used for a selection of the studies according to contributions done within the specialized literature.

Keywords: Deacon Coresi, the analytical and thematic bibliography, printings belonging to the sisteenth century.

  • Cartojan Nicolae, Istoria literaturii române vechi [The History of Old Romanian Literature], ed. a III-a, Bucureşti, 1996.
  • Demény Lojos, Demény Lidia, Carte, tipar şi societate la români în sec. al XVI-lea [The Romanian Book, Printing and Society within the Sixteenth Century], Bucureşti, 1986.
  • Gheţie Ion, Mareş Alexandru, Diaconul Coresi şi izbânda scrisului în limba română [Deacon Coresi and the Triumpf of Writing in Romanian], Bucureşti, 1994.
  • Mazilu D. R., Diaconul Coresi [Deacon Coresi], Ploieşti, 1933.
  • Tomescu Mircea, Istoria cărţii româneşti de la începuturi până la 1918 [The History of the Romanian Book from the Beginning until 1918], Bucureşti, 1968.

Bogdan Andriescu, Timp liber şi lectură în însemnări pe cartea românească veche din Transilvania sec. XVII-XIX (Partea a II-a)

Autor: Bogdan ANDRIESCU
Email: bogdanastra@yahoo.com

Leisure and reading in notes on old Romanian book, Transylvania (17th-19th centuries)

In the following lines we will try to bring to the fore some aspects, certifying the increase of the percentage of those who begin to discover that constant reading, sometimes even the daily one, is a favourite way of spending one’s spare time. The exchange of books, surprised in more notes, shows, without doubt, knowledge of reading of those who practices it. We identified a series of notes which refers to small personal libraries. Learning to read and write could be acquired both in a private environment (family, relatives, friends) and in an institutionalised one (especially begining with the first half of the 19th century). There are also reported some cases in which parents’ financial efforts to aquisition of books, so that their own children could learn to read and write, are totally ignored by the last ones. We note the parents’ financial effort to aquisition of books hoping that their descendants will study them. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Orthodox religious books were given a new link, at a relatively short period of time from the year of their publication. This phenomenon indicated, on one hand, the small number of those books, and on the other hand, the fact that their rapid wear was a consequence of their frequent use.

Keywords: library, old romanian book, orthodox religious book, reading, notes

  • Avram, M. Cartea românească manuscris (Romanian Book Manuscript), Sibiu, 1970, 76 p.
  • Basarab, Maria. Cartea românească veche în Muzeul din Deva (Old Romanian Books in the Museum of Deva), Deva, Editura Acta Musei Devensis, 1998, 166 p.
  • Basarab, Maria. Cărţi manuscrise hunedorene, (Hunedoara’s Book Manuscripts), în Sargeţia, anul XXV, 1992-1994, p. 361-375.
  • Basarab, Maria. Cuvinte mărturisitoare. Însemnări de pe cărţi româneşti vechi din judeţul Hunedoara, (Confessional words. Notes on Old Romanian Books from Hunedoara), Deva, Editura Acta Musei Devensis, 2001, 273 p.
  • Braicu, D.; Bunea, V. Carte veche românească din secolele XVI-XVII în colecţiile Arhiepiscopiei Sibiului (Romanian Old Books from the 16th and 17th Centuries in the Collections of the Archidiocese of Sibiu) Sibiu, 1991, 168 p.
  • Dima, Elena; Buluţă, Gheorghe; Ceauşu, Simona. Carte românească veche în bibliotecile documentare ale arhivelor statului. Catalog (Old Romanian Books in the Documentation Libraries of the State Archives : Catalogue), Bucureşti, 1985, 365 p.
  • Dreghiciu, D. Carte românească veche de pe Valea Sebeşului (III) Catalog (Old Romanian Book of Sebes Valley. Catalogue). În Apulum, anul XX, 1983, p. 263-279.
  • Dudaş, Florian. Cazania lui Varlaam în Transilvania (Homily Of Varlaam in Transilvania), Cluj-Napoca, Editura Arhiepiscopiei Ortodoxe Române a Vadului, Feleacului şi Clujului, 1983, 505 p.
  • Dudaş, Florian. Memoria vechilor cărţi româneşti. Însemnări de demult (Memory of Old Romanian Books. Old Notes), Oradea, Editura Episcopiei Ortodoxe Române a Oradiei, 1990, 410 p.
  • Dudaş, Florian. Carte veche românească în Bihor sec. XVI-XVII [Catalog] (Old Romanian Books in Bihor 16th and 17th Centuries : Catalogue) Oradea, 1977, 203 p.
  • Haţeganu, Lucia; Lupan, Doina. Cartea veche românească în Muzeul din Alba Iulia (Old Romanian Books in the Museum of Alba Iulia). În Apulum, anul XVII, 1979, p. 385-439.
  • Haţeganu, L.; Lupan, D. Cartea veche românească în Muzeul din Alba Iulia (Old Romanian Books in the Museum of Alba Iulia). În Apulum, anul XII, 1974, p. 359-394.
  • Lupan, Doina; Haţeganu, Lucia. Cartea veche românească în Biblioteca Muzeului de Istorie Alba Iulia (Old Romanian Books in the Library of the History Museum in Alba Iulia). În Apulum, anul XIII, 1975, p. 353-372.
  • Mârza, Eva Carte veche românească pe Valea Gălzii, jud. Alba. Catalog (Old Romanian Books on Galzii Valley, Alba County : Catalogue). În Apulum, anul XVII, 1979, p. 341-367.
  • Mihu, Elena Cartea veche românească în Scaunul Mureşului (The Old Romanian Books in the Mures Seat). În Angustia, anul I, 1996, p. 133-141.
  • Mosora, Elena; Hanga, Doina. Catalogul cărţii româneşti din colecţiile Bibliotecii Centrale Universitare Lucian Blaga Cluj-Napoca (The Catalogue of Romanian Books within the Collections of the Lucian Blaga Central University Library from Cluj-Napoca), Cluj Napoca, 1991, 302 p.
  • Oltean, V. Catalog de carte veche din Şcheii Braşovului (Old Books Catalogue in Scheii Brasovului), Iaşi, Editura Edict Production, 2004, 268 p.
  • România, Biblioteca Judeţeană Astra Sibiu, Colecţii speciale, Carte românească veche.
  • Tipărituri româneşti 1539-1750 existente la Braşov-catalog (Romanian Printings existing in the Brasov Catalogue : 1539-1750) Braşov, 1980, 200 p.
  • Turc, Corina; Destin livresc în secolul al XVII-lea în sudul Transilvaniei (Bookish Destiny within the 17th Century in South Transylvania). În Sargeţia, anul XXI-XXIV, 1991, p. 163-173.

Cristina-Maria Dăneasă, Tipologia bisericilor de lemn din Bazinul Văii Mureşului, judeţul Hunedoara

Autor: Cristina-Maria DĂNEASĂ
Email: cristinadcm@gmail.com

The Typology of Wooden Churches from Mureş Valley, Hunedoara County

This study aims to analyze the wooden churches from Mureş Valley Basin Hunedoara County. The monuments, as part of national heritage, reflect both common features with churches throughout the country and regional and particular characteristics which offer their uniqueness. Tradition and experience in wood craftsmanship is reflected in the true masterpieces of folk architecture that have survived over the centuries. Respecting the construction stages and spaces that make churches, emphasizes the continuity of spirituality and progress in art, this skills and talent being transmitted to future generations.

From foundation stone which offer a strong base to walls with or without painting, ceilings and arches, until the roof with fast pitches and tower that pass through the sky, all up compound a space for the soul.

Simplicity and complexity of these monuments are the message of modest people who raised real ”museum” for us as a result of “collaboration” of man with the wood, with nature.

Keywords: wooden churches, architecture, plan, elevation, construction techniques

  • Baboş, Alexandru, Tracing a Sacred Building Tradition. Wooden Churches, Carpenters and Founders in Maramureş until the turn of the 18th Century, Departament of Architectural History, School of Architecture Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, Sweden, 2004, 307 p.
  • Dobrei, Florin, Bisericile ortodoxe hunedorene (Hunedoara Orthodox Churches), Editura Eftimie Murgu, Reşiţa, 2011, 664 p.
  • Droj, Gabriela, Aurora Mancia, Laurenţiu Droj, Biserici de lemn în bazinul Crişul Repede (Wooden Churches from Crişul Repede Valley), Oradea, Editura Duran’s, 2010, 157 p.
  • Godea, Ioan, Biserici de lemn din România (nord-vestul Transilvaniei) (Wooden Churches from Romania – north – west of Transylvania), Bucureşti, Editura Meridiane, 1996, 204 p.
  • Ioan Toşa, Probleme de evoluţie planimetrică a bisericilor de lemn din Transilvania (Problems of Planimetric Development of Wooden Churches from Transylvania), în AMET, pe anii 1971 – 1973, Cluj, 1973, 25 p.
  • Ionescu, Grigore, Arhitectura populară în România (Popular Architecture in Romania), Editura Meridiane, Bucureşti, 1971, 498 p.
  • Ionescu, Grigore, Arhitectura românească. Tipologii, creaţii, creatori (Romanian Architecture. Types, Creation, Creators), Editura Tehnică, Bucureşti, 1986, 171 p.
  • Paul Petrescu Arhitectura ţărănească de lemn din România (Wooden Peasant Architecture in Romania), Bucureşti, Ed. Meridiane, 1974, 65 p.
  • Stoica, Georgeta, Arhitectura populară românească (Romanian Popular Architecture), Editura Meridiane, Bucureşti, 1989.
  • Stoicescu, Nicolae, Cum măsurau strămoşii, metrologia medievală pe teritoriul României (How do Measurements Ancestors, Medieval Method in Romania), Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică, 1971
  • Vătăşianu, Virgil, Contribuţii la studiul tipologiei bisericilor de lemn din Ţările Române (Contributions to the Study of Wooden Churches Typology from Romanian Countries), în AII, Cluj, 1960.
  • Vorona, Curinschi, Gheorghe, Istoria arhitecturii în România (History of Architecture in Romania), Ed. Tehnică, Bucureşti, 1981, 403 p.

Monica Mureşan, Condiţiile validităţii unei căsătorii în Transilvania Modernă

Autor: Monica MUREŞAN
Email: muresanmonica2007@yahoo.com

The conditions regarding the validity of marriage in modern Transylvania

During the entire modern period, Transylvanian Romanians, irrespective of their confessions, in order to contract a valid marriage, had to respect several stages according to the legal church and laic stipulations but also according to the countless prejudices guiding the life of the community. Civil marriage law stipulated the conditions of validity of marriage, constraints that are mainly confounded with the canonical conditions. These could refer either to the capacity of the person or to the uninfluenced will. With a view of validating a marriage, several primary conditions were required, such as the age at the moment of marriage, the moral and social behavior of the youth, their economic status or the income necessary for support. Furthermore, there was a multitude of traditional prejudices, stereotypes and clichés which limited the possibilities of choosing a partner. These conditions proved to be vital on the legal plan: the failure to fulfill these conditions could deprive the act of marriage of its legal effect and thus render it void. On the other hand, this welter of restrictions and exclusions from marriage had a significant impact upon the individual and collective mentality.

Keywords: modern Transylvania, marriage, validity, primary conditions, civil law, canons, prejudices

  • Sf. Augustin, Despre iubirea absolută. Comentariu la Prima Epistolă a lui Ioan, (Ediţie îngrijită de Cristian Bădiliţă, traducere de Roxana Matei), Editura Polirom, Iaşi, 2003
  • Sorina Paula Bolovan, Familia şi satul românesc din Transilvania în a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea şi începutul secolului XX, Tz., Cluj-Napoca, 1998
  • Germina Comanici, Cercul vieţii. Roluri şi performanţă în obiceiurile populare, Editura Paideia, Bucureşti, 2001.
  • Gheorghe Iordache, Românul între ideal şi compromis. Eseuri etnologice, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia.
  • Petru Iluţ, „Social şi psihosocial în alegerea partenerului conjugal (piaţa matrimonială)”, in Sociologie-Politologie, XXXVIII, 2, 1993.
  • Constantin Mihoc, Taina căsătoriei şi familia creştină în învăţăturile marilor Părinţi ai Bisericii din secolul IV, Editura Teofania, Sibiu, 2002.
  • Adriana Florica Munteanu, „Condiţia femeii măritate în societatea tradiţională transilvăneană dina doua jumătate a secolului XIX”, în vol. Prezenţe feminine. Studii despre femei în România, coord. Ghizela Cosma, Magyari Vincze Eniko, Ovidiu Pecican, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Fundaţiei Desire, 2002.
  • Lucian Nastasă, „Pentru o istorie a cuplurilor în mediul intelectual românesc”, in vol. Prezenţe feminine. Studii despre femei în România, coord. Ghizela Cosma, Magyar, Vincze Eniko, Ovidiu Pecican, Editura Fundaţiei Desire, Cluj-Napoca, 2002.
  • Camil Negrea, Dreptul civil valabil în Ardeal, Bănat, Crişana şi Maramureş cu note comparative asupra codului civil român, Cluj, Tipografia Bernat, 1920, vol. I.
  • Viorel Rogoz, Familia în credinţe, rituri, obiceiuri (studiu de etnologie aplicată pe un material din Ţinutul Codrului), Editura Solstiţiu, Satu Mare, 2002.
  • Pavel Vesa, „Câteva aspecte privind căsătoria în protopopiatele arădene în secolele XVIII şi XIX”, în vol. Populaţie şi societate. Studii de demografie istorică Transilvaniei (secolele XVIII-XIX), coord. Ioan Bolovan, Corneliu Pădurean, Presa Universitară Clujeană.

Mihai Croitor, România şi Marile Puteri (1960-1970)

Autor: Mihai CROITOR
Email: mihai_croitor@yahoo.com

Romania and the Great Powers (1960-1970)

Relaying on unpublished and published documents, this article addresses the major developments that occurred in the Romanian foreign policy, between 1960-1970. Throughout the article are discussed the main events of the Romanian foreign policy shift, from total obedience towards Kremlin to “independence”: the Romanian-Soviet economic disagreements within the COMECON, the Sino-Soviet split, US and USSR bilateral relations with Romania and the Sino-Romanian rapprochement.

Keywords: communism, Romanian foreign policy, People’s Republic of China, USSR, USA

  • Arhivele Naţionale Istorice Centrale
  1. a) Fond CC al PCR-Secţia Relaţii Externe:23/1956, dos.7C/1960, dos.33/1960, dos.35/1960, vol.II, dos. 32/1961, vol.II, dos. 33/1961, vol.II, dos.39/1962, vol.II, dos.16U/1963, dos.25/1963, vol.I, dos.5/1964, dos.28/1964, vol.II, dos.29/1964, dos.30/1964, dos.45/1964, dos.15/1967, dos.107/1968
  2. b) Fond CC al PCR-Secţia Cancelarie: 14/1962, dos. 29/1962, dos. 4/1963, dos. 6/1963,, dos. 13/1964,
  • Banu, Florian, Ţăranu, Liviu, (ed.), Aprilie 1964. Primăvara de la Bucureşti. Cum s-a adoptat „Declaraţia de independenţă”, a României?, Editura Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 2004;
  • Budura, Ioan, Romulus (ed.), Relaţiile româno-chineze, 1880-1974. Documente, Bucureşti, 2005;
  • Cătănuş, Dan, (ed.), Între Beijing şi Moscova. România şi conflictul sovieto-chinez, vol. I, INST, Bucureşti, 2004;
  • Congresul al III-lea al Partidului Muncitoresc Român, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1960;
  • Croitor, Mihai, „An Episode of the Romanian-Soviet Differences: the medium body weight of slaughtered pigs in Romania”, în Studia Universitatis „Babeş-Bolyai”. Historia, vol. 56, nr. 2/2011, pp.105-115;
  • Idem, România şi conflictul sovieto-chinez (1956-1971), Editura Mega, Cluj-Napoca, 2009;
  • Croitor, Mihai, Borşa, Sanda, Unitate şi conflict în lagărul comunist: dialectica rupturii sovieto-chineze, Editura Mega, Cluj-Napoca, 2007;
  • Declaraţia cu privire la poziţia Partidului Munictoresc Român în problemele mişcării comuniste şi muncitoreşti internaţionale, adoptată de Plenara lărgită a CC al PMR din aprilie 1964, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1964;
  • Deletant, Dennis, Romania Under Communist Rule, Civic Academy Foundation, Bucharest, 2006;
  • Floyd, David, Rumania: Russia’s Dissident Ally, Pall Mall Press, London, 1965, p.95;
  • Harrington, F. Joseph, Bruce, J. Courtney, Relaţii româno-americane, 1940-1990, Institutul European, Iaşi, 2002;
  • Miller, E. James, Selvage, E. Douglas, Van Hook, Laurie, Keefer, C. Edward (ed.) Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976: Eastern Europe; Eastern Mediterranean, 1969-1972, vol. XXIX, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 2007;
  • Phillips, E. Steven, Keefer, C. Edward (ed.), Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1972: China 1969-1972, vol. XVII, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 2006;
  • Ţîrău, C. Liviu, Între Washington şi Moscova: România 1945-1965, Editura Tribuna, Cluj-Napoca, 2005;
  • Tucker, C. Spencer, Roberts, Priscilla, Pierpaoli, G. Paul, Jr. (ed.), Cold War: A Student Encyclopedia, vol. V, ABC CLIO, Santa Barbara, 2008.

Istorie

Științele educației

Filozofie și studii politice

Stiintele comunicarii

Etnografie si folclor

Camelia Burghele, „Încredinţarea“ şi „strigările în biserică“ – momente încărcate semantic ale ceremonialului nupţial (Câmpia – Sălaj)

Autor: Camelia BURGHELE
Email: cameliaburghele@yahoo.com

”Engagement” („în credinţarea” or „credinţarea” in old Romanian) ”and church announcements” („strigările” or ”vestirile in old Romanian”) – significant moments of the wedding ceremony (Câmpia – Sălaj)

Wedding ceremony within the traditional Romanian village is structured upon moments which make marraige legitimate. Wedding is a dual event – both individual and social. Therefore, though many of the wedding related moments are lived in the intimacy of the family or even couple, the wedding has a great social impact as the whole community wants to take part to its development.

To perform the customs that realate to the wedding is compulsory: even one error in this thorough scenario would would deny – at least partially – the relevance and validity of this act. Customs do not concern the life of each individual as something singular – they relate to the participation of the whole community to every important moment of his or her life. The individual is a mandatory part of a community. Therefore, customs appear as facts of culture of different human communities. Customs are ways to participate to the cultural life of the community. They insure social continuity. The main feature of the customs is therefore that of transmitting a community’s experiences.

Two such moments prior to wedding, of a special importance in the development of the complex scenario of the traditional wedding in Salaj County were the engagement (încredinţarea or credinţarea in old Romanian) – and the public announcement of the wedding in church (strigările or vestirile in old Romanian).

Keywords: wedding ceremony, traditional Romanian village, engagement, church announcements

  • Borca, Irimia, Borca, Mărioara, Nunta tradiţională românească.din Ţara Silvaniei şi Ţara Codrului, Editura Caiete Silvane, Zalău, 2010
  • Fărcaş, Olimpia, Dejeu, Romolica, Spectacolul nunţii pe valea Someşului, în Acta Musei Porolissensis, XXV, Editura Porolissum, Zalău, 2003
  • Galiş, Petru, Cizer – 790 (1219 – 2009), file de monografie, Editura Şcoala Noastră, Zalău, 2009
  • Graur, Tiberiu, Piedici rituale în structura şi funcţia ceremonialului de nuntă tradiţional, în “Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic al Transilvaniei”, Cluj-Napoca, 1976
  • Marian, Simion Florea, Nunta la români, Editura Grai şi suflet – Cultura Naţională, Bucureşti, 1995
  • Mureşan, Olimpia, Din tradiţiile populare ale satului Porţ: colindatul şi secvenţe ale ceremonialului nupţial, în ”Sate contemporane din România: deschideri spre Europa. Aplicaţie zonală – judeţul Sălaj”, Editura Mega, Cluj Napoca, 2009
  • Nicoară, Toader, Transilvania la începuturile timpurilor moderne (1680 – 1800). Societate rurală şi mentalităţi colective, Editura Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj, 1997
  • Pop, Mihai, Obiceiuri tradiţionale româneşti, Bucureşti, Editura Univers, 1976
  • Radosav, Doru, Sentimentul religios la români. O perspectivă istorică (sec. XVII – XX), Editura Dacia, Cluj, 1997
  • Suiogan, Delia, Simbolica riturilor de trecere, Editura Paideia, Bucureşti, 2006
  • Timoc, Crenguţa, Obiceiuri de nuntă de pe Valea Someşului, Editura Caiete Silvane, Zalău, 2010
  • Vedinaş, Traian, Sistemul culturii ţărăneşti, Editura Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, Cluj, 2000

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Recenzii

Economie

Artele spectacolului

Eveniment