“I’m afraid of not invented stories”. The Security Files of Oskar Pastior

The present study appeared in the periodical “Spiegelungen” (München) and deals with the persecution and collaboration of the modern German poet Oskar Pastior (1927, Sibiu – 2006, Frankfurt am Main) with the Security before leaving Romania and settling in Germany. The German poet, an adolescent aged 17, was deported to the labor camps of the Soviet Union where he survived for 4 years. Once he returned to his country, he continued his studies – the Brukenthal Highschool in Sibiu and the German Studies at the University in Bucharest –, being persecuted by the Secret services, both for his homosexual inclinations and for his anti-Soviet poetry. 1961 he signed a collaboration agreement as an informer with the Security and he assumed this role until 1968 when he left on a journey to Germany and didn’t return to Romania any more. Oskar Pastior was a close friend and collaborator of Herta Müller, the 2009 Nobel Prize Laureate for Literature.

Keywords: Oskar Pastior, Herta Müller, deported, informer file, persecution file, The National Council for Security Archives Study

Benjamin Fundoianu / Benjamin Fondane and the world of cinema

Since he was young, Benjamin Fundoianu / Benjamin Fondane was interested in the aspects related to the theatre’s world. In Romania, he succeeded to create the theatre “Insula”, but the activity of this troupe of actors didn’t last long, because of the material difficulties and also because of the anti-Semitism flourishing in that period.

In France, Fondane continues this project and he writes some cine-poems, in 1928. Those texts describe the cruelty of the reality, offering a way out of that world: the liberation of the terror of the logic and of the common syntax.

In 1930, Fondane starts his collaboration with the well known Paramount studios. Disillusioned with language, he writes about the silent movie. In 1933, Dimitri Kirsanoff  prepares for the filming of Rapt, with a screenplay by Fondane.

In Argentina, together with the Aguilar brothers, (Paco, Pepe, Ezequiel and Elisa) and with the producer Miguel Machinandiarena, Fondane produces the movie Tatarira, a musical with comical accents and Dadaist style, lost and unfound.

We also emphasise the importance of his critical texts about the problems concerning the theatre and the dramaturgy in the larger meaning of the word. He also was preoccupied by the theoretical and the practical aspects of both silent and synchronised recorded sound movies.

Keywords: contemporary literature, B. Fondane, dramaturgy, pure theatre, silent / sound recorded movies

• B. Fondane, Ecrits pour le cinéma: le muet et le parlant, textes réunis et présentés par Michel Carassou, Olivier Salazar-Ferrer et Ramona Fotiade, Lagrasse, Verdier Poche, 2007.
• „Cahiers Benjamin Fondane”, no. 4/2000-2001, Jerusalem.
• „Cahiers Benjamin Fondane”, no. 5/2001-2002, Jerusalem.
• Calimani, Riccardo, Destins et aventures de l’intellectuel juif en France, 1650-1945, Toulouse, Editions Privat, 2002.
• Grigorescu, Dan, Dicţionarul avangardelor, Bucureşti, Editura Enciclopedică, 2003.
• Manrupe, Raul, Maria Alejandra Portela, Un Diccionaro de Films argentinos, ed. Corregidor, Buenos Aires, 1995.
• Pană, Saşa, Antologia literaturii române de avangardă, [Bucureşti], Editura pentru Literatură, 1969.
• Salazar – Ferrer, Olivier, Benjamin Fondane, Paris, Editura Oxus, 2004.
• Răileanu, Petre, Michel Carassou, Fundoianu /Fondane et l’avant-garde, Fondation Culturelle Roumaine, Editions Paris – Méditerranée, 1999.

Mihail Sebastian, “For Two Thousand Years”: the Labyrinth of a Private Conscience

In the novel the realism of the traditional style is challenged. The narrative is metamorphosed into fragmentary notation, diary like. This is by virtue of the authenticity of the artistic expression belonging to the experiences of a private, personal conscience. Although the apparent problems of the novel is “the Jewish matter”, i.e. e. the Romanian interwar anti-Semitism, actually the work does not aim to voice a collective drama or to find out a universal solution. It has in view to present “merely” the bitter paradox of an individual conscience wishing to remain independent yet finding itself the captive of its own labyrinth like liberty. Albeit critical in the manner of style and with reference to the fabrication (the authenticity is not quite convincing, the subject feels too artificial and the scheme – schematic), nevertheless “For Two Thousand Years” is the faultless tome of a matchless intellectual and to a lesser extant of an artist.

Keywords: anti-Semitism, authenticity, conscience, independence, intellectual, liberty.

• Constantinescu, Pompiliu. [Sobra şi demna confesiune a unei sensibilităţi ultragiate]. (The Sober and Dignified Confession of an Abused Sensibility), apud Mihail Sebastian. Antologie, prefaţă, tabel cronologic şi bibliografie de Anatol Ghermanschi (Mihail Sebastian. Anthology, Foreword, Chronology and Bibliography by Anatol Ghermanschi). Bucureşti, Editura Eminescu, 1981.
• Crohmălniceanu, Ov. S. Literatura română între cele două războaie mondiale. Vol. III. Dramaturgia şi critica literară. (The Romanian Literature Between the Two World Wars. 3^rd volume. The Dramaturgy and the Literary Critique). Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1975.
• Sebastian, Mihail. De două mii de ani… Cum am devenit huligan (For Two Thousand Years. The Way I Became a Hooligan). Bucureşti, Humanitas, 1990.

Mircea Eliade’s contribution to the configuration of a transreligious vision of the world

The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of the manner in which the eliadean existential considerations represent a significant part of a new way of understanding humanity. Through his creations, Mircea Eliade attempts to identify the structure that connects all the great doctrines and mysteries of mankind to the social and cultural dilemmas that surround human beings at present. His observations challenge the positivist outlook according to which limits can never be transcended, revealing the fact that reality is incalculably larger and deeper. According to Eliade, in the void opened by the increasing irrelevance of old metaphysics, following the road to the centre is a matter of choice, which includes striving to remember and learn from the other about how to give meaning to every aspect of life in order to open a way to transcendence.

Keywords: Mircea Eliade, modern man, cosmization, creative hermeneutics, otherness

I

• Eliade, Mircea, Waiting for the Dawn, În: Waiting for the Dawn. Mircea Eliade in Perspective, editori: David Carrasco, Jane Marie Law, University Press of Colorado, 1985, p. 11-16.
• Eliade, Mircea, Oceanografie, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2008, 213 p.
• Eliade, Mircea, Sacrul şi Profanul (The Sacred and the Profane), Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 1992, 204 p.
• Eliade, Mircea, Symbolism, the Sacred and the Arts, Editor: Diane Apostolos-Cappadona, New York, Continuum, 1985, 183 p.
• Eliade, Mircea, Arta de a Muri (The Art of Dying), Cluj-Napoca, Eikon, 2006, 477 p.
• Eliade, Mircea, Eseuri – Mitul eternei reîntoarceri (Essays – The Myth of the Eternal Return), Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică, 1991, 308 p.
• Eliade, Mircea, Naşteri mistice (Mystic Births), Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 1995, 223 p.
• Eliade, Mircea, Yoga. Nemurire şi libertate (Yoga. Immortality and Freedom), Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 1993, 382 p.
• Eliade, Mircea, Istoria Credinţelor şi ideilor religioase (History of Religious Ideas), vol.II, Traducere de Cezar Baltag, Iaşi, Editura Polirom, 2011, 448 p.

II

• Alan Padgett, God, Eternity and the Nature of Time, London, Macmillan Academic and Professional, 1992,  208 p.
• Allen, Douglas, Myth and Religion in Mircea Eliade, New York and London, Routledge, 2002, 375 p.
• Al-George, Sergiu, Arhaic şi universal ( The Archaic and the Universal), Bucureşti, Editura Herald, 2002, 256 p.
• Ancius Boethius, The Consolation of Philosophy, traducere şi prefaţă de Victor Watts, London, Penguin Classics, 1999, 155 p.
• Bohm, David, Plenitudinea lumii şi ordinea ei (The Plenitude and Order of the World), Editura Humanitas, Bucureşti, 1995, 312 p.
• Capra, Fritjov, The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism, Boston, Shambhala Publications, 2000, 355 p.
• Carrasco, David, Mircea Eliade and the ”Duration of Life”: An Abundance of Souvenirs, în: Waiting for the Dawn. Mircea Eliade in Perspective, editori: David Carrasco, Jane Marie Law, University Press of Colorado, 1985, p. 139-147.
• Cave, David, Interpretarea spaţiului sacru şi a rolului lui în cultivarea virtuţii (Interpreting Sacred Space and its Role in Cultivating Virtue), în: Schimbări în lumile ideilor religioase. Mircea Eliade: Finalitate şi sens (Changing Religious Worlds. The Meaning and End of Mircea Eliade), Editor: Bryan Rennie, Traducere de Elena Bortă, Bucureşti, Criterion Publishing, 2009, p. 307-324.
• Goodman, Nelson, Ways of World Making, Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Co., 1978, 159 p.
• Heidegger, Martin, Fiinţă şi timp (Being and Time), Traducere de G. Liiceanu şi C. Cioabă, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2003, 673 p.
• Heinrich Zimmer, Mituri şi simboluri în arta şi civilizaţia indiană (Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization), Editor: Joseph Campbell, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2007, 216 p.
• Libera, Alain de, Mistica renană (Renan Mysticism), Traducere de Cristian Bădiliţă,Timişoara, Amarcord, 1997, 367 p.
• Lovinescu, Vasile, Jurnal Alchimic (Alchemy Journal), Iaşi, Institutul European, 1999, 302 p.
• Nicolescu, Basarab, Transdisciplinaritatea: Manifest (Manifesto of Transdisciplinarity), Traducere de Horia Mihail Vasilescu, Iaşi, Polirom, 1999, 180 p.
• Nicolescu, Basarab, Mircea Eliade sub semnul destinului (Mircea Eliade Under the Sign of Destiny), articol disponibil la adresa web http://www.scribd.com, accesat la 8 august 2011.
• Rennie, Bryan, The Ontology of the Sacred, în: Mircea Eliade, A Critical Reader, London, Equinox Publishing, 2006, p. 81-86.

From Riches to ”Rags”: Barbu Sălceanu’s Case

The present study attempts to offer an in-depth analysis of Barbu Sălceanu’s destiny in the novel Diplomatul, tăbăcarul şi actriţa (The Consul, the Tanner, and the Actress) by Carol Ardeleanu, a Romanian forgotten writer of the interwar period.

I will undertake to present the main character of the novel, Consul Barbu Sălceanu, and his decay while he lived on the outskirts of Bucharest after having been a representative with plenipotentiary powers for our country in Europe.

The study also deals with the description of life in the slums seen as decayed environment where there is no hope of escape or for a better life.

Keywords: abjectness, outskirts, slums, blazonry, diplomacy

Books

• Ardeleanu, Carol, Diplomatul, tăbăcarul şi actriţa / The Consul, the Tanner, and the Actress, ediţie îngrijită şi prefaţată de Henri Zalis, Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1972.
• Bădărău, George, Modernismul interbelic / Interwar Modernism, Iaşi, Institutul European, 2005.
• Brăescu, Ion, Émile Zola / Émile Zola, Bucureşti, Editura Albatros, 1982.
• Călinescu, G., Istoria literaturii române / History of Romanian Literature, compendiu, ediţie îngrijită de Marcel Duţă, Bucureşti, Editura Garamond, 1994.
• Călinescu, G., Istoria literaturii române de la origini până în prezent / History of Romanian Literature from Origins Up to the Present, ediţia a II-a revizuită şi adăugită, ediţie şi prefaţă de Al. Piru, Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1982.
• Crohmălniceanu, Ov. S., Literatura română între cele două războaie mondiale / Romanian Literature in the Interwar Period, ediţie revăzută, vol. I, Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1972.
• Glodeanu, Gheorghe, Max Blecher şi noua estetică a romanului românesc interbelic / Max Blecher and the New Aesthetics of the Romanian Novel in the Interwar Period, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Limes, 2005.
• Lovinescu, Eugen, Istoria literaturii române contemporane / History of Contemporary Romanian Literature, vol. III, Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1981.
• Matei Muşat, Carmen, Romanul românesc interbelic. Dezbateri teoretice, polemici, opinii critice / The Romanian Interwar Novel. Theoretical Debates, Controversies, Critical Opinions, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 1998.
• Perpessicius, Menţiuni critice / Critical Approaches, vol. IV, Bucureşti, Fundaţia pentru literatură şi artă „Regele Carol II”, 1938.
• Perpessicius, Opere 4, Menţiuni critice / Works 4, Critical Approaches, Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1971.
• Perpessicius, Opere 5, Menţiuni critice / Works 5, Critical Approaches, Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1972.
• Simion, Eugen (coordonator general), Dicţionarul general al literaturii române, A/B, / The General Dictionary of Romanian Literature, A/B, Bucureşti, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, 2004.
• Zaciu, Mircea, Marian Papahagi, Aurel Sasu (coordonare şi revizuire ştiinţifică), Dicţionarul scriitorilor români, A-C, / Dictionary of Romanian Writers, A/C, Bucureşti, Editura Fundaţiei Culturale Române, 1995.

Articles:

• Chiţan, Simona, Poveşti de mahala / Slum Stories, Sursa :„Evenimentul zilei” (”Day Event”), 12 ianuarie 2010, http://www.ora7. ro/ index.php? news=8497.
• Constantinescu, Pompiliu, C. Ardeleanu: Casa cu fete / C. Ardeleanu: The ’Cathouse’ din Casa cu fete. Roman / The ’Cathouse’. Novel, Galaţi, Editura Porto-Franco. Muzeul Literaturii Române, s.a.
• Keberle, Liliana, Un scriitor uitat – Carol Ardeleanu / A Forgotten Writer – Carol Ardeleanu, în „Ziarul Văii Jiului” (”Jiu Valley Newspaper”), Petroşani, 23 februarie 2009, http://www.zvj.ro/node/230.
• Popescu, Raluca, Azilul de noapte / Night Asylum, Entertainment-Teatru / Entertainment-Theatre, 09 decembrie 2009, http://zdaf.ro/azilul-de-noapte.html.

Chatting about Ionescu”: fingering for a masterpiece

The current study focuses on the second volume in prose by George Bălăiţă, a volume that prepares the transition of the author to writing novels. Here the stories capture the author’s inclination towards the experimental and the ludic genres, even though sometimes these take him to paths well-trodden by authors such as I. L. Caragiale or Eugen Ionescu, along the lines of the absurd. There is less of a didactic approach here than in the first volume, there is more innovation, and the themes of death, war and the revelation of daily life are highlighted and shown in depth. The modern techniques of relativisation and narrative behaviourism contribute to the modernisation of Bălăiţă’s new short prose. From these elements of renewal and continuity of the style and observation there is only one step towards the spectacular novel The World in Two Days.

Keywords: George Bălăiţă, the ’60 generation, short stories, war, modernism

• Bărbulescu, Simion, Profiluri literare contemporane / Contemporary epic profiles, Ed. Cartea Românească, 1987
• Gorcea, Petru Mihai, Structură şi mit în proza contemporană / Structure and myth in contemporary prose, Ed. Cartea Românească, 1982
• Holban, Ioan, Profiluri epice contemporane / Contemporary literary profiles, Ed. Cartea Românească, 1987
• Simion, Eugen, Scriitori români de azi / Contemporary Romanian writers, III, Ed. Cartea Românească, Bucureşti, 1984.
• Ştefănescu, Alex, Prim plan / Foreground, Ed. Eminescu, 1987
• Ungureanu, Cornel, Proza românească de azi / Contemporary Romanian fiction, Ed. Cartea Românească, Bucureşti, 1985

From the Baltic marshland to the cowboy-studded continent

Encounters with Joseph Brodsky

Joseph Brodsky’s self-definition as ’a Jew, a Russian poet and an America citizen’ introduces a well-known poet and essayist, playwright and translator, Nobel-prize laureate and American Poet Laureate through. Brodsky’s essays collected by the poet himself (Less Than One, 1986) have established him as a master of the English language. This article traces the space-time-language continuum as a structuring force in Brodsky’s first collection of essays, which is used in the poet’s own intention of presenting himself as an heir of both the Russian and English literary traditions. A ’room and a half’, the poet’s address in his native Leningrad has become a metaphoric location within the highly conceptualized Petersburg text of the Russian culture, central to Brodsky’s poetics and aesthetics.

Keywords: the Petersburg text of Russian culture, Russian poetry, Joseph Brodsky, literary exile, essays

• Iosif Brodski. Sobranie socinenii v 7-mi tomah, Puşkinskii Fond, Sankt-Peterburg, MMI / Joseph Brodsky’s collected works in 7 vols. Volum V in this edition includes eighteen essays; among which: In A Room and a Half, Of Grief and Reason, A Guide to a Renamed City (1979), Flight from Byzantium (“The New Yorker”, 1985) To Please a Shadow / Poklonitsja teni (1983), A Keening Muse (1982).
• Joseph Brodsky. Watermark, Farrar, Straus&Giroux, 1992.
• Iosif Brodski. Din nicăieri, cu dragoste, traducere şi postfaţă de Emil Iordache, Timpul, 1995 (Brodski 1995) / Joseph Brodsky. From nowhere, with love. Translation into the Romanian and an Afterword by Emil Iordache.
• Joseph Brodsky. Collected Poems in English, 1972-1999, edited by Ann Kjellberg, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
• Joseph Brodsky: Conversations. edited by Cynthia L. Haven.
• Dialogi s Iosifom Brodskim (Eksmo, Moskva, 2002) / Dialogues with Joseph Brodsky.
• Anna Ahmatova. Poeme. Proze, Editura Universităţii Al.I.Cuza din Iaşi, 2004. / Poems. Essays.
• David Bethea. Joseph Brodsky and the Making of Exile, Princeton, 1994.
• Efim G. Etkind. Tam, vnutri. Russkaya poezis dvadtsatogo veka / There, Within. Russian Poetry in the Twentieth Century, Maksima, Sankt-Peterburg, 1997.
• Mikhail Kreps. Poetika Brodskogo / Brodsky’s Poetics, Ardis, New York, 1984.
• Viktor Кulle. Tvorchestvo Brodskogo v Rossii, 1996 / Brodsky’s work in Russia (PhD thesis, unpublished).
• Lev Losev. Iosif Brodski. Opyt literaturnoi biografii, Molodaia gvardia, Moskva, 2006, în limba engleză, Joseph Brodsky: A Literary Life, transl. Jane Ann Miller. Yale University, 2011.
• Lev Losev, Valentina Polukhina, eds. Kak rabotaet stikhotvorenie Brodskogo: Iz issledovanii slavistov na Zapade. Мoskva: NLO, 2002./ How does a Brodsky poem mean? Studies by Western Slavicists.
• Iuri M. Lotman, М.I. Lotman. Iz nabliudenii nad poetikoi sbornika Iosifa Brodskogo Urania, v. I. M. Lotman, în O poetah i poezii. Sankt-Peterburg. Iskusstvo-SPb, p.294-307 / Some notes on the poetics of Joseph Brodsky’s volume To Urania.
• Valentina Poluhina. Bolshaia kniga interviu 2000, 2004, 2007, Zaharov, Moskva / The Great Book of Interviews.
• Valentina Poluhina. Iosif Brodski. Jizn, trudy, epoha. S-Peterburg, Jurnal “Zvezda”, 2008. / Iosif Brodsk: Life, Works, Times.
• Valentina Poluhina. Joseph Brodsky. A Poet of Our Time, 1986.
• Stanislav A. Savitski. Andergraund. Istoria i mifî leningradskoi neofiţialnoi kulturî, Helskinki, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, Моskva, 2002. / Undergound. The history and myths of the unoffical Leningrad culture.
• Literatura russkogo zarubezh’ya (1920-1990). Pod red. A.I. Smirnovoi, Flinta-Nauka, Moskva, 2006/ The Literature of the Russian Exile. A.I. Smirnova, ed.
• Gerald Smith. Vygl’yad iyvne. Stat’i o russkoj poezii i poetike, Studia poetica, Jazyki slav’yanskoj kul’tury. 2002. /A look from the outside. Studies in Russian Poetry and Poetics. Ch.5. Brodsky, pp. 417-500.
• Susan Sontag. On Photography. Penguin. London. 1977.
• Vladimir Toporov. Peterburgskii tekst russkoi literarury. SPb., Iskusstvo, 2003 / The Petersburg text of Russian Literature.
• Sanna Turomaa. Poet kak odinokii turist: Brodskii, Venetsia i putevîe zametki, trad. de E. Kanişcev, NLO, 2004, nr. 67 / The poet as a lonely tourist: Brodski, Venice and travel notes.
• Vail Piotr şi Aleksandr Genis.  Оt mira –  k Rimu // Poetika Brodskogo, sb.statei pod red.prof. L. Loseva, Tenafly, N.J.: Hermitage, 1986, p. 198-206./ From the world to Rome. Brodsky’s Poetics.
• Volkov Solomon Volkov. Conversations with Joseph Brodsky. A poet s Journey through the Twentieth Century (translated by Marian Schwatz with photographs by. Marianna Volkov. The Free Press, 1998).

The avant-garde and the dynamics of cultural peripheria

The study aims at a pluralistic analysis of the cultural field produced by the European avant-gardes through the dissemination of the Futuristic metaparadigm. Beyond the aesthetic impact, programmatically assumed thoroughly or counter-ideologically, the Italian Futurism radially generated both in Europe as well as in the South-American cultural space different manifestations of the radical spirit, original and autonomous schools and poetics. The avant-garde’s peripheral areas, such as the Hispano-American Ultraism, F. Pessoa’s Intersectionism, the Sebastianist Futurism of the same Lusitanian poet, Integralism, Constructivism, Russian Cubo-Futurism, Creationism, and Antropophagism are models not to be ignored in the innovative literary production field of the avant-gardes. They prove the decentering of the paradigm, the annulment of localism, the critical and creative independence and the participation of the small cultures to the dialogue of the European and world art of the 20^th century

Keywords: the poetics of avant-garde,Futurism, the avant-garde’s peripheral areas, Ultraism, Intersectionism, Integralism, Constructivism, Cubo-Futurism, Creationism, Antropophagim, hybridization

• BATAILLE, Georges – Suveranitatea / Sovereignity, Editura Paralela 45, Piteşti, Braşov, Bucureşti, 2004
• BORGES, Jorge Luis – „Ultraísmo” /Ultraism, http://www.acs.ucalgary. ca/~latorres/Ultraismo.html BORGES, Jorge Luis – „Anatomía de mi ultra” / Anatomy of my „ultra”, http://www.acs.ucalgary. ca/~latorres/ anatomiademiultra.html
• CĂLINESCU, Matei – Cinci feţe ale modernităţii / Five face of modernity, Editura Univers, Bucureşti, 1995
• COMPAGNON, Antoine – Cinci paradoxuri ale modernităţii / Five paradoxes of modernity, Editura Echinox, Cluj, 1998, trad. şi postfaţă Rodica Baconsky
• CRĂCIUN, Gheorghe – Aisbergul poeziei moderne / The iceberg of modern potrey, Editura Paralela 45, Piteşti, Braşov, Bucureşti, 2002
• DE ANDRADE, Oswald – „Manifesto Antropófago” / Anthropophagus manifesto, Exquisit Corpse, www.corpse.org
• FAUCHERERAU, Serge – Expressionnisme, dada, surréalisme et autres isme / Expressionism, dada, surrealism, and other isms, domaine étranger, Editions Denoël, Paris, 1976
• HUIDOBRO, Vicente – „El Creacionismo”, „Manifiesto de Manifiestos”, „Manifiesto tal vez”, „Non Serviam”, http:// thales.cica.es/rd/Recursos/rd99/ed99-0055-01/manicreacion.html
• LISTA, Giovanni – Futurisme – manifestes, proclamations, documents / Futurism – manifests, procalamations, documents, L’Age d’ Homme, Lausanne, 1973
• MARINO, Adrian – „Avangarda” / Avant-garde, Dicţionarul ideilor literare / Dictionary of literary ideas, vol I, Editura Eminescu, Bucureşti, 1974
• MARINO, Adrian – „Le comparatisme des invariants: le cas des avant-gardes” / Comparatvism of invariants: the case of the avant-gardes, in Cahiers roumains d’ Etudes littéraires – Comparatisme et actualité, 1 / 1976, p. 81-95
• ORTEGA Y GASSET, José – El Tema de nuestro tiempo / Our times’ topic, [1923], Revista de Occidente, S.A., Madrid, 1981, (Tema vremii noastre, Editura Humanitas, Bucureşti, 1997).
• ORTEGA Y GASSET, José – La deshumanización del arte y otros ensyos de estetica / The dehumanization of art and others essays of aesthetics, [1925], (Dezumanizarea artei şi alte eseuri de estetică, Editura Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2000)
• PADÍN, Clemente – „El ultraísmo en el Latinoamerica” / Ultraism in Latin America, in „Escáner cultural”, número 21, 12.09 – 12.10.2000, Santiago de Chile. Revista virtual. Año 2
• PAZ, Octavio – Los Hijos de Limo, [1974], trad. fr. Point de convergence. Du romantisme à l’avant-garde / Converging point. From Romanticism to the avant-garde, Éditions Gallimard, 1976
• RIVAS, Pierre – „Le futurisme. Portugal et Brésil” / Futurism. Portugal and Brasil in Les Avant-gardes littéraires au XX siècle / Literary avant-gardes of the XXth century, vol.I, HISTOIRE, publié par le centre d’Étude des Avant-Gardes Littéraires de L’Université de Bruxelles, sous la direction de Jean Weisgerber, Académiai Kiadó-Budapest, 1984
• ROMANI, Bruno – „Le futurisme. Italie et france” / Futurism. Italy and France, in Les Avant-gardes littéraires au XX siècle / Literary avant-gardes of the XXth century, vol.I, HISTOIRE, publié par le centre d’Étude des Avant-Gardes Littéraires de L’Université de Bruxelles, sous la direction de Jean Weisgerber, Académiai Kiadó-Budapest, 1984
• STEGAGNO PICCHIO, Luciana – Literatura braziliană / Brasilian literature, Editura Univers, Bucureşti, 1986
• TZARA, Tristan – Şapte manifeste dada. Lampisterii. Omul aproximativ, versiuni româneşti, prefaţă şi note de Ion Pop, Editura Univers, Bucureşti, 1996.

The dialectic between subject and landscape Salman Rushdie’s „Midnight’s Children“

In this paper we aim to undertake an analysis of the way in which some loanwords of French origin in the Romanian language were valued in the prose language of the interwar period, having as a support text the novel Disheveled Virgins by Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu. We refer both to the lexical loans that adapted themselves from a phonetic, spelling, morphological and semantic point of view to the system of the Romanian language and which were unconsciously taken over by the writer as inherent elements of her working language (loanwords) and to the un-adapted or partially adapted loans (xenisms) used deliberately, with stylistic purpose, to individualize the characters and achieve linguistic realism. We can notice that Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu tends to use old lexical variants that belonged to early stages of integration of the French neologism and which differ from the forms provided by the dictionaries of that period.
Keywords: loanword, xenism, linguistic contact, stylistic effect, loanword adaptation

• Ahmad, Aijaz. “In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures. New York: Verso, 1992 and 2000.
• Bardolph, Jaqueline. “Language is Courage.” Reading Rushdie. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994.
• Bhabha, Homi. “Signs Taken for Wonders.” The Post-Colonial Studies Reader. Ed. Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin. London: Routledge, 1995. 29-35.
• Bromley, Roger. Narratives for a New Belonging: Diasporic Cultural Fictions. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2000.
• Hall, Stuart. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” Colonial Discourse and Post—Colonia Theory: A Reader. Ed. Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman. New York: Columbia UP, 1994. 392-403.
• * * * “The Question of Cultural Identity,” Modernity and Its Future, ed. Stuart Hall (Cambridge: Polity, 1992) 291.
• Kristeva, Julia. The Kristeva Reader. Trans. Toril Moi. London: Blackwell, 1986.
• * * *. Strangers to Ourselves. Trans. Leon S. Roudiez. New York: Hill, 1972.
• Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. New York: Norton, 1977.
• * * *. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis. New York: Norton, 1978.
• Lyotard, Jean-François. The Postmodern Condition. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1984.
• Philip, Marlene Nourbese. She Tries Her Tongue, Her Silence Softly Breaks. London: Women’s, 1993.
• Rushdie, Salman. Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticisms 1981-1991. London: Granta, 1991.
• * * *. Midnight’s Children. London: Granta, 1981.

Erotikon Euromorphotikon. Eutopia.

The study focuses on the volume of Caius Dobrescu, Euromorphotikon, seing it as a rather postmodern epic, an epos (in the ancient Greek meanings: “word”, “poem”, “song” and “story”) revisited – despite the author’s Prolog and / or  Argument. Euromorphotikon is, in matters of its topic, a postmodern erotikon (love song). What was started in in 1990 in contemporary Romanian literature by Mircea Cărtărescu’s Levantul is ended after two decades by Caius Dobrescu’s Euromorphotikon. The author of the study sees the two works as what Anglo-Americans would call “milestones in literature”. Caius Dobrescu’s advantage could result exaclty from the lucid manner in which he designed his book: namely as a Eutopia, instead of a Utopia.

Keywords: contemporary Romanian literature, Caius Dobrescu, Euromorphotikon, postmodernism, postmodern epic, Utopia, Eutopia

• Caius Dobrescu, Euromorphotikon, Ed. Tracus Arte, Bucureşti, 2010.

On fidelity and infidelity in translation. On the “belles infideles“  of the feministic paradigma

The following paper tries to offer a short outlook on certain aspects of the feminist paradigm in translation theory such as it has emerged from the gender studies and to point out some of the limitations of this paradigm. After outlining the anti-feminist characteristics of the general discourse in translation studies in western culture, the paper discusses the contribution of the so called belles infideles in the 18^th century to the consolidation of a gender discriminating attitude towards translation. The feminist paradigm has been trying to offer an alternative approach, viewing the translation not as a mere copy of the original, but as a creation in itself and the translator as a creator equally important to the author of the source text. It leaves open the question wether it would be acceptable from an ethical point of view to replace the male dominated theoretical discourse in translation studies with an equally ideologically framed one.

Keywords: gender studies, feminist paradigm, belles infideles, male dominated approach, ideological frame

• Gavronsky, Serge: “The Translator. From Piety to Cannibalism”. SubStance. vol. 16, 1997, pp. 53-62.
• von Flotow, Luise: “Translation as an object of reflection in gender studies”. Übersetzung Translation Traduction, vol. 1, Berlin New York, 2004, pp. 175-180.
• Simon, Sherry: Gender in Translation, New York, 1996..
• Steiner, George: After Babel, New York, 1975.
• <a href=”http://www.jrank.org/literature/pages/7168/Gender-in-Translation.html”>Gender in Translation – i. The ‘Translatress’</a>.

The posthumous odissey of the Cantemir family

The author aims at presenting briefly the traces that Dimitrie Cantemir’s family have imprinted in the Russian culture, in spite of the not quite favorable circumstances. Apart from the generally known literary and scientific activities of princes Demetrius and Antiochus, the Cantemir family were also involved in the political life of the empire; they advised the tsar in Eastern affairs (Prince Dimitrie), were founders of churches and villages, put on new principles the diplomatic relations with England and France (Antiochus Cantemir) or made careers in the military field. However, with the death of Peter I, the fortune of this family ends and there follow years marked by misunderstandings and processes, loneliness and disease and, more than anything, the ingratitude of the Court of St. Petersburg.
Keywords: the Cantemir family, exile, founder, satire, lost manuscripts.

• Антиох Кантемир, Сочинения, письма и избранные переводы (Opere, scrisori şi traduceri alese), tt. I – II, Санкт-Петерсбург, 1867 – 1868 гг.
• Джина Майелларо (Gina Maiellaro), Переписка кн. А. Д. Кантемира с сестрой Марией на итальянском языке. 1734-1744 гг./ Corespondenţa în limba italiană a pr. A.D. Cantemir cu sora sa, Maria, în „Russko-italianskij archiv”, II, Salerno, 2002.
• Dinastia Cantemireştilor. Secolele XVII – XVIII. Ediţie coordonată şi redactată de Andrei Eşanu, Chişinău, 2008
• Andi Mihalache, Politică şi patrimoniu. Documente privitoare la aducerea osemintelor lui Dimitrie Cantemir la Iaşi (iunie – august 1935) în «Anuarul Institutului de Istorie „A.D. Xenopol”», t. XLV, 2008.
• „Universul” şi “Albina”/ 1935
• Prinţesa Cantemir. Portret de epocă şi corespondenţă inedită, Iaşi, 2005.
• Россия в ХХ веке/ Rusia în secolul XX, Sankt-Petersburg, 2005.

The Relations Between Byzantium and The Latin Principalities From The Orient In The Interpretation Of The Court Ceremonial (12^th Century)

This article wants to present the way the Latin principalities from the Orient adapted themselves to the Byzantine ceremonial in the 12^th century. We underline how the Latin chroniclers from the Orient interpreted and understood these rituals. Then we see the Catholic princes transgressing the ceremonial and what was the purpose for that. Another aspect is to present how the Latins began to accommodate and to use for their own good the new realities including the so feared Byzantine diplomacy. They are looking to collaborate with the Byzantines because it was their only hope against the Muslim attacks. The Oriental Catholics realized that the big threat didn’t come from the Greeks but from the Islam which was rising at this time. The Byzantines and their emperor Manuel Comnenos represent their only hope and possibility of rescuing their possessions from the Islamic expansion. That’s why they try to find alliance in Constantinople.

Keywords: Constantinople, Antioch, ceremonial, Renaud de Châtillon, Latin-Orient, vassals, Jerusalem.

Sources

• Dölger, Franz; Wirth, Peter, Regesten der Kaiserurkunden des oströmischen Reiches, II.-III., München, 1995.
• Guillaume, de Tyr, Chronique. Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum, Brepols, 1986.
• Kinnamos, Jean, Chronique, tr. J. Rosenblum, Paris, 1972.
• Niketas, Choniates, Historia, ed. J. Dieten, Berlin, 1975.

Specialized studies

• Asbridge, Thomas, The Creation Of The Principality Of Antioch 1098-1130, Woodbridge, 2000.
• Kazhdan, A., Epstein, A. W., Change In Byzantine Culture In The Eleventh And Twelth Centuries, Berkley, 1985.
• Lilie, Ralph-Johannes, Byzanz und die Kreuzzüge, Stuttgart, 2004.
• Magdalino, Paul, The Empire Of Manuel Comnenus, Cambridge, 1993.
• Nicol, Donald, Byzantium. It’s Ecclesiastical History And Relations With The Western World, London, 1972.
• Röhricht, Reinhold, Geschichte des Königreichs Jerusalem 1100-1291, Amsterdam, 1966.
• Runciman, Steven, The Eastern Schism. A Study Of The Papacy And The Eastern Churches During The 11^th And 12^th Centuries, Oxford, 1956.
• Schlumberger, Gustave, Renaud de Châtillon. Prince d´Antioche, seigneur de la terre d´outre Jourdain, Paris, 1923.
• Shepard, Jonathan, Information, Disinformation And Delay In Byzantine Diplomacy; in: Byzantinische Forschungen, 10, 1985, S. 223-244.

The notion of θέωσις (deification) in Gregory of Nyssa

Deification is the most important realization of the Christian. Θέωσις, according to the vocabulary of St. Gregory of Nyssa and the Holy Fathers, generally, can be described by a number of related words. It is a transformation, union, participation, partaking, intermingling, elevation, interpénétration, transmutation, commingling, assimilation, reintegration, adoption, recreation. Divinization implies our being intertwined with Christ, an influx of the divine, or the attainment of similitude with God.

Personally, I would emphasize, without being suspected of deficiency in terms of modesty, that my attempt is a pioneer work in our country. In the West, there have been successful attempts in this regard that, as one can see, I have cited in this paper.

Keywords: doctrine, θέωσις (deification), Gregory of Nyssa, union, divine energies, the gift of Revelation, likeness of God, becoming God, Mystical Theology.

Sources:

• Sf. Grigorie de Nyssa – J. P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca, vol. XLIV-XLVI;
• *** col. Părinţi şi Scriitori bisericeşti (Fathers and Church Writers), vol. 29, traducere de Pr. Prof. Dumitru Stăniloae şi Preot Ioan Buga, Bucureşti, Editura Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1982, 493 p.;
• *** col. Părinţi şi Scriitori bisericeşti (Fathers and Church Writers), vol. 30, traducere de Pr. Prof. Dr. Teodor Bodogae, Bucureşti, Editura Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1998, 477 p.;

Other patristic writers:

• Nil Ascetul, Sfântul, Cuvânt ascetic, foarte trebuincios şi folositor (Very useful word ascetic), traducere din greceşte, introduceri şi note de Dumitru Stăniloae, Membru de onoare al Academiei Române, în Filocalia sau culegere din scrierile Sfinţilor Părinţi care arată cum se poate omul curăţi, lumina şi desăvârşi (Philokalia), vol. I, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 1999, p. 165-226;
• Maxim Mărturisitorul, Sfântul, Capete despre dragoste (Chapters on love), în Filocalia sau culegere din scrierile Sfinţilor Părinţi care arată cum se poate omul curăţi, lumina şi desăvârşi, vol. II, Editura Humanitas, Bucureşti, 1999, p. 53-105;

Works, studies, articles:

• Burns, Stuart, Divine Ecstasy in Gregory of Nyssa and Pseudo-Macarius: Flight and Intoxication, în The Greek Orthodox Theological Review, vol. 44, Nos. 1-4, 1999, p. 309-327;
• Christensen, Michael J., Theosis And Sanctification: John Wesley’s Reformulation of a Patristic Doctrine, în Wesleyan Theological Journal, Vol. 31, Nr. 2, 1996, p. 71-94;
• Clendenin, Daniel B., Partakers of Divinity: The Orthodox Doctrine of Theosis, în Journal of The Evanghelical Theological Society, 37/3, 1994, p. 365-379;
• Daniélou, Jean, Platonisme et Théologie Mystique. Essai sur la doctrine spirituelle de Saint Grégoire de Nysse, Paris, Aubier, 1944, 339 p. ;
• Farmer, Tamsin Jones, Revealing The Invisible: Gregory of Nyssa on the Gift of Revelation, în Modern Theology, 21, 1, January, 2005, p. 67-85;
• Florea, Pr. Dr. Ştefan, Spiritualitate şi desăvârşire la Sfântul Grigorie de Nyssa (Spirituality and perfection in St. Gregory of Nyssa), Bucureşti, Editura Asa, 2004, 349 p. ;
• Hudson, Nancy J., Becoming God. The Doctrine of Theosis in Nicolas of Cusa, Washington, Catholic University of America, 2007, 218 p. ;
• Lossky, Vladimir, In the Image and Likeness of God, New York, Crestwood, St. Vladimir’s Seminary, 1974, 233 p. ;
• McGuckin, J. A., The strategic adaptation of Deification in the Cappadocians, în Michael J. Christensen şi Jeffery A. Wittung (eds.), Partakers of the Divine Nature. The History and Development of Deification in the Christian Tradition, Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007, 325 p. ;
• Meyendorff, John, Living Tradition: Orthodox Witness in the Contemporary World, New York, Crestwood, St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1978, 202 p. ;
• Idem, Sfântul Grigorie Palamas şi mistica ortodoxă, Traducere din franceză de Angela Pagu, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2007, 186 p. ;
• Smith, Zachary J., Deification in The East Orthodox Tradition: a protestant assessment, 2008, p. 9-10;
• Ware, Kallistos, The Orthodox Church, Pelican, 1993, 368 p. ;
• Idem, The Orthodox Way, New York, St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1995, 171 p.

Considerations Regarding Earthen-Buckets Found at Capidava

 Problems of Conservation and Restoration

The systematic archaeological research made at Capidava led to the discovering of a rich ceramics material, dated Early Middle Ages, and made up from objects of different shapes and sizes. Among these are also to be found Earthen- buckets with round bottom. They represent though a common founding among archaeological material, if we speak of X-th to XIII-th centuries, found not only in nowadays’ Romania, but also found in the big space from Don to Middle Danube. Even though Earthen- buckets from Capidava occupy a special place in archaeological monographs, I felt the need to bring some further information, providing the second part of this study to be dedicated to problems of conservation- restoration of some of them, pursuing the technology and the principles used in restoring works of art.

Keywords: Romania, Dobroudja, Capidava, Middle Ages, Archaeological research, Earthen- buckets, conservation- restoration.

• Lukacs Antal, “Observations Regarding the Spread of Earthen- Buckets in Romania”, in SCIVA, 35, 1984, 4, pages 320-330.
• Silvia Baraschi, “An Oven Used to Burn Ceramics from Păcuiul lui Soare (XI-th Century)”, in SCIVA, XXV, 1974, no. 3, pages 461-472.
• Emilia Corbu, “The South of Romania During the Early Middle Ages (VIII-th to XI-th Centuries). Archaeological Views”, Brăila, 2006.
• Simona Maria Cursaru-Herlea, “Capidava- a Millenary Citadel in Dobroudja”, in Transilvania, nr 1, 2009, pages 16-23.
• Simona Maria Cursaru-Herlea, “Considerations Regarding the Conservation and Restoration of Early Middle Ages’ Ceramics found at Capidava”, in Studia Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series Historica. , VI, 2009, p. 249-262.
• Petre Diaconu, “Regarding Earthen- Buckets in Early Middle Ages (X-th to XIII-th centuries)”, in SCIV, 7, 1956, 3-4, p.421-439.
• Petre Diaconu, “Again On Earthen- Buckets” in Archaeological Reviews and Debatings I, Călăraşi, 1994, p. 155-168.
• Gr. Florescu, R. Florescu, P. Diaconu, “Capidava. Archaeological Monograph”, volume I, Bucharest, 1958.
• Gr. Florescu, Ştefan Constantinescu, P. Diaconu, Mişu Davidescu, Radu Florescu, Gavrilă Simion, Capidava. “Report on Archaeological Activity from 1956”, in MCA, 5, 1959, p. 555-559.
• Florescu, Z. Covacef, “Stratigraphy of Late Roman and Early Middle Age Capidava” in Pontica, 21-22, 1988-1989, p. 197-247.
• Florescu, “Middle Bizantynum Hut from Capidava and It’s Role in Stratiotan Family”, Session Days of Romanian Anthropology- Universe of Home, Sibiu 2001 (the volume brings together the sessions from Sibiu from 1999-2001), Sibiu, 2004, p. 253-261 also http://www. capidava. ro, 06. 08. 2009.
• Ileana Ildico Zahariade, “Is Conservation of Ceramics Held Inside an Unavoidable Necessity?” in Restitutio. Conservation- Restoration Bulletin, no. 2, 2009, p. 57-58.
• Anca Păunescu, “Archaeological Site from Târgşorul Vechi”, in CA, I, 1975, p. 230-234.
• Anca Păunescu, “Earthen- Buckets with Interior Handles Found at Târgşor, Prahova County”, in CA, II, 1976, p. 305-310.
• Dan Gh. Teodor, “Some Observations Regarding Earthen- Buckets Found at Răducăneni (r. Huşi, reg. Iaşi)” in SCIV, 14, 1963, 1, p. 197-206.
• Dan Gh. Teodor, “Dridu Culture on Moldavian Territory” in SCIVA, 19, 2, 1968, p. 227-278.
• Barbu Slătineanu, “Studies of Folk Art”, Bucharest, 1972.
• Victor Spinei, “The Big Migrations in Northern Pontic Region Between the IX-th and the XIII-th Centuries”, Iaşi, 1995.
• Gh. Ştefan, I. Barnea, Maria Comşa, Eugen Comşa, “Dinogeţia, I, Early Feudal Settlement From Garvăn Little Church”, Bucharest, 1967.