Post-communism as a Space of Remembrance: Conceptual Remarks

In Romania and other East-European countries, post-communism is either seen as a period of voluntary oblivion, or, on the contrary, as a time of directional recollection, imposed by the canon of critically remembering „bad” communism as opposed to a nostalgia-filled „good” one. Trying to move past this false distinction, the first part of this paper briefly analyses the various types of recollecting life and socialization in communism, such as biographical, generational, historical or artistically reshaped memories. The second part discusses Jan and Aleida Assmann’s model of collective memory and seeks to investigate the critical function of literature with regard to cultural memory, pleading for a political and aesthetical approach to contemporary Romanian fiction.

Keywords: idiosyncratic memories, canonical vs. subversive memory, post-communism, Romania

• Assmann, Aleida, Cultural Memory and Western Civilization. Functions, Media, Archives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
• Assmann Jan, Memoria culturală. Scriere, amintire și identitate politică în marile culturi antice/ Das kulturelle Gedächtnis. Scrift,Erinnerun und politische Identität in frühen Hochkulturen. Traducere de Octavian Nicolae. Iaşi, Editura Universității „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Iaşi, 2013.
• Borbély, Ștefan, „Generații fără memorie”/ „Generations without Memory” I-II. În Observator cultural, nr. 332/ 2006, sursă online http://www. observatorcultural.ro/Generatii-fara-memorie*articleID_15879articles_details. html accesată la 01.08.15.
• Erll, Astrid, „Literature, Film and the Mediality of Cultural Memory”. În Astrid Erll, Ansgar Nünning (eds.), Media and Cultural Memory/ Medien und kulturelle Erinnerung. Berlin, New York, Walter de Gruyter, 2008, pp. 389-397.
• Erll Astrid, Ann Rigney, „Literature and the Production of Cultural Memory: Introduction”. In European Journal of English Studies, vol. 10, nr. 2 (August), 2006, pp. 111-115.
• Halbwachs Maurice, Memoria colectivă/ La mémoire collective. Ediție critică de Gérard Namer şi Marrie Jaisson. Traducere de Irinel Antoniu. Iaşi, Institutul European, 2007.
• Hutcheon, Linda, Politica postmodernismului/ Politics of Postmodernism. Traducere de Mircea Deac. Bucureşti, Univers, 1997.
• Petrescu, Cristina, „Websites of Memory: In Search of the Forgotten Past”. In Maria Todorova, Augusta Dimou and Stefan Troebst (eds.), Remembering Communism. Private and Public Recollections of Lived Experience in Southeast Europe. Budapest, CEU Press, 2014, pp. 595-613.
• Petrescu, Cristina, Dragoş Petrescu , „The Canon of Remembering Romanian Communism: From Autobiographical Recollections to Collective Representations”. In Maria Todorova, Augusta Dimou and Stefan Troebst (eds.), op.cit., pp. 595613.
• Nora, Pierre, „Entre Mémoire et Histoire. La problématique des lieux”, en Le lieux de mémoire, tome I, La République. Paris, Gallimard, 1984, p. XVII-XLII.
• Țichindeleanu, Ovidiu, „Pornind de la Jan Assmann: democratizarea memoriei culturale şi revizuirea teoriei modernității”. Postfață la Jan Assmann, Monoteismul și limbajul violenței, traducere de MariaMagdalena Anghelescu. Bucureşti, Tact, 2012.

German Literature in Communist Romania. Transformations

The literature of the German minority in communist Romania was subjected to a seemingly contradictory treatment. If in the immediate post-war period it was exposed to a very strict ideological control, Nicolae Ceauşescu kept it away, at least apparently, from the terror which was representative for Gheorghiu Dej’s reign. To be able to enjoy a favorable image in the West, Ceauşescu privileged the position of German literature within the romanian borders. Paradoxically, however, he did not protect it from another instrument of power alertness, better even than the institution of censorship, namely The Securitate, which controlled the writings that could be published in the West. Ceauşescu’s fear of not damaging his image in the West led him to closely follow the ranks of the German literary movements. Securitate Officers created a complex network of surveillance, which involved the infiltration among newspaper editors and publishers, but also among the restricted circles of the authors. The aim was to block any attempt of expressing compromising ideas against Ceauşescu’s regime abroad. The actions of the Securitate have gradually led to the emigration of German-speaking authors and thus to the disappearance of a valuable literature.

Keywords: German minority, regional literature, censorship, communist regime, Securitate

• Baier, Hannelore. Stalin und die Rumäniendeutschen. Zur Nationalitätenpolitik in Rumänien 1944-1948. [Stalin and the German minority in Romania. About the policy of nationalities in Romania 1944-1948]. În: Spiegelungen 6 (60), 2/2011, München, Editura IKGS, p . 138-150
• Bergel, Hans. Erfahrungen eines Autors mit Verlagen. [Experiences of an author with publishers]. În: Deutsche Literatur Ostmittel- und Südosteuropas von der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis heute. Forschungsschwerpunkte und Defizite [German literature of middle and southeastern Europe from the mid-19th century untill today. Research priorities and deficiencies]. coord. Schwob, Anton, München, Editura Südostdeutsches Kulturwerk, 1992, p. 64-72
• Frauendorfer, Helmuth. Das bißchen Kompromiß. [The little compromise]. În: Nachruf auf die rumäniendeutsche Literatur [Obituary to the German literature in Romania]. coord. Solms, Wilhelm, Marburg, Editura Hitzeroth, 1990, p. 130-136.
• Kromer, Michael. Politische Prozesse gegen Deutsche im kommunistischen Rumänien. Versuch einer Bestandaufnahme und eines Überblicks [Political trials against Germans in communist Romania. An attempt of an inventory and an overview]. În: Worte als Gefahr und Gefährdung. Schriftsteller vor Gericht [Words as a threat and danger. Writers in court.]. coord. Motzan Peter, Sienerth Stefan, München, Editura Süddeutsches Kulturwerk ,1993, p. 31-51.
• Markel, Michael. „Ich wohne in Europa/Ecke Nummer vier“: Identitätsprobleme einer Minderheitenliteratur im Spiegel der siebenbürgisch- deutschen Literaturgeschichte“ [„I live in Romania/corner 4“: Identity issues of a minority literature in the mirror of german- transylvanian literary history]. În: Deutsche Literatur Ostmittel- und Südosteuropas von der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis heute. Forschungsschwerpunkte und Defizite [German literature of middle and southeastern Europe from the mid-19th century untill today. Research priorities and deficiencies]. coord. Schwob, Anton. München, Editura Südostdeutsches Kulturwerk, 1992, p. 163- 175.
• Milata, Paul. Zwischen Hitler, Stalin und Antonescu: Rumäniendeutsche in der Waffen-SS. [Between Hitler, Stalin and Antonescu: Germans in Romania as ArmedSS]. (=Studia Transylvanica), Köln, Editura Böhlau, 2009.
• Motzan, Peter. Die rumäniendeutsche Lyrik nach 1944. Problemaufriss und historischer Überblick. [The poetry of German minority in Romania after 1944. Outline of the problem and historical overview]. Cluj Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1980.
• Motzan, Peter. Überlegungen zu einer Geschichte der rumäniendeutschen Lyrik nach 1945. [Reflection towards the history of the German poetry in Romania after 1945]. În: Neue Literatur 24, 3/1973, p. 73-86.
• Patapievici, Horia-Roman. Partea nevăzută decide totul [The unseen side decides everything]. Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2015.
• Rădulescu, Raluca. Die rumäniendeutsche Literatur. Sonderstatus und Wertungsproblematik [The literature of the German minority in Romania. Special status and evaluation issues]. În: Zeitschrift der Germanisten Rumäniens 1-2 (25-26)/ 2004, 1-2 (27-28)/2005, p. 319-334.
• Reichrath, Emmerich. Die Rezension zwischen Journalistik und Literaturkritik. Überlegungen zur Buchbesprechung in den deutschen Tages- und Wochenzeitungen Rumäniens [The review between journalism and literary criticism. Considerations of editorial works in the German daily and weekly newspapers in Romania]. În: Neue Literatur 24, 9/1973, p. 93-103.
• Ritter, Alexander. Deutsche Minderheitenliteraturen [German minority literatures]. München, Editura Süddeutsches Kulturwerk, 2001.

Mircea Eliade and the Ambivalent Character of Literary Modernism

This article aims to question more in-depth the picture of literary modernism, emphasizing its ambivalence,  distinction operated in a relationship with Tradition, Myth, Ritual, Symbol, etc. Mircea Eliade noted since the interwar period this spiritual and antihistorical direction in literary modernism, and his ideas were confirmed by more recent studies, such as those due to Sorin Alexandrescu, Roger Griffin, Hayden White. In the second part of the article I
will pursue the cultural context which prepared and announced the emergence of ethical modernism (anthropology’s progress in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, the rediscovery of myth and symbol as means of experience and knowledge).

Keywords: literary modernism, ethic/aesthetic, myth, tradition, forgetfulness, desacralization

• Alexandrescu, Sorin – Privind înapoi, modernitatea/Looking Back, Modernity, Ed. Univers, Bucureşti,1999
• Alexandrescu, Sorin – Modernism și anti-modernism. Din nou, cazul românesc/ Modernism and Anti-modernism.Again, the Romanian Case în „Modernism şi antimodernism” (coord. Sorin Antohi), Ed. Cuvântul, Bucureşti, 2008
• Baudelaire, Charles – Curiozităţi estetice/ Aesthetic Curiosities, Ed. Meridiane, Bucureşti, 1971
• Benjamin, Walter – Iluminări/ Illuminations, Ed. Univers, Bucureşti, 2000
• Biès, Jean – „Chamanisme et littérature”/ „Shamanism and Literature”, în Cahiers de l`Herne: Mircea Eliade, (Tacou, Constantin dir.), Ed. de l`Herne, Paris, 1978 (ed. consult. 1987)
  Bradbury, Malcom; McFarlane, James (ed.) – Modernism. A Guide to European Literature 1890 – 1930, Penguin Books, Londra, 1991
• Eliade, Mircea – Briser le toit de la maison. La créativité et ses symboles/ Breaking the Roof of the House: Creativity and his Symbols, Gallimard, Paris,1986
• Eliade, Mircea – Fragmentarium, Ed. Humanitas,Bucureşti, 2008
• Eliade, Mircea – Jurnal/ Journal, vol. I, Ed. Humanitas,Bucuresti, 1993
  Griffin, Roger – Modernism and fascism, Palgrave Macmillan, Londra, 2007
• Habermas, Jürgen – Discursul filosofic al modernităţii/ Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, Ed. All,Bucureşti, 2000
• Harvey, David – Condiţia postmodernităţii/ The Condition of Postmodernity, Ed. Amarcord, Timişoara, 2002
• Ricœur, Paul – Le conflit des interpretations. Essais d`hermeneutique/ The Conflict of Interpretations.Essays of Hermeneutics, Seuil, Paris, 1969
• Schama, Simon – Le Paysage et la Memoire/ Landscape and Memory, Seuil, Paris, 1999
• White, Hayden – „Primitivismul şi modernismul”/ “Primitivism and Modernism”, în Modernism şi antimodernism (coord. Sorin Antohi), Ed. Cuvântul,Bucureşti, 2008

Postmodern Sci-Fi: Ioan Petru Culianu’s “Hesperus”

This study examines the presence of postmodern and Sci-Fi elements in Ioan Petru Culianu’s micro-novel Hesperus. It fully represents Culianu’ originality, as it breaks both with the literature of his Romanian generation and with Eliade’s literature. On the one hand, it illustrates a genre rarely approached by his generation – namely, the Sci-Fi; on the other, it follows a postmodern structure which neither Culianu’s, nor Mircea Eliade’s contemporaries (one of his models) have not observed in their literary works. Thus, at least a part of Culianu’s literature must be placed within the category of postmodernism, Hesperus being one of the most eloquent evidences in that regard.

Keywords: postmodern fiction, Sci-Fi, utopia, virtual worlds, distorted time, transhumanity, Ioan Petru Culianu.

*** Dialoguri întrerupte: Corespondența Mircea Eliade–Ioan Petru Culianu, ed. a II-a, Polirom, Iaşi, 2013

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• Anton, Ted, Eros, magie și asasinarea profesorului Culianu, ed. a II-a, Polirom, Iaşi, 2005
• Bellow, Saul, Ravelstein, trad. Antoaneta Ralian, Polirom, Iaşi, 2008
• Bomher, Noemi, „Femininity in the Work of Ioan Petru Culianu”, în Cultural and Linguistic Communication 2 (2012), nr. 2, p. 153-161. 55 transilvania 1/2016 56
• Borbely, Ștefan, „The Literary Pursuit of a Historian of Religions: The Case of Ioan Petru Culianu”, în Journal of Romanian Literary Studies (2013), nr. 3, p. 13-20.
• Bordaş, Liviu, „Ioan Petru Culianu, Mircea Eliade, and Felix Culpa. With the I.P. Culianu – M.L. Ricketts Correspondence”, în Mihaela Grigor (ed.), Mircea Eliade between the history of Religions and the Fall into History, Presa Universitară Clujeană, ClujNapoca,
  2014, p. 67-178.
• Călinescu, Matei, Despre Ioan P. Culianu și Mircea Eliade: amintiri, lecturi, reflecții, Polirom, Iaşi, 2002
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Arborele gnozei. Mitologia gnostică de la creștinismul timpuriu la nihilismul modern, Bucureşti, Nemira, 1999
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Arta fugii. Povestiri, Iaşi, Polirom, 2002
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Călătorii in lumea de dincolo, Bucureşti, Nemira, 1994, 1999; Iaşi, Polirom, 2003
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Dicţionarul religiilor, Bucureşti, Humanitas, 1993, 1996; Iaşi, Polirom, 2007
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Eros și magie în Renaștere. 1484, Bucureşti, Nemira, 1994, 1999; Iaşi, Polirom, 2003
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Experienţe ale extazului, Bucureşti,  Nemira, 1997; Iaşi, Polirom, 2004
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Gnozele dualiste ale Occidentului.  Istorie si mituri, Bucureşti, Nemira, 1995; Iaşi, Polirom, 2002
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Hesperus, Bucureşti, Univers, 1992;Bucureşti, Nemira, 1998; Iaşi, Polirom, 2003
  Culianu, Ioan Petru, Iocari serio. Știinţa și arta în gîndirea Renașterii, Iaşi, Polirom, 2003
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Iter in silvis I. Eseuri despre gnoză și alte studii, Iaşi, Polirom, 2012
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Iter in silvis II. Gnoză și magie, Iaşi, Polirom, 2013 Culianu, Ioan Petru, Jocul de smarald, Iaşi, Polirom, 2005, 2011
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Jocurile minţii. Istoria ideilor, teoria culturii, epistemologie, Iaşi, Polirom, 2002
  Culianu, Ioan Petru, Mircea Eliade, Bucureşti, Nemira,1995, 1998; Iaşi, Polirom, 2004
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Păcatul împotriva spiritului. Scrieri politice, Bucureşti, Nemira, 1999; Iaşi, Polirom, 2005,2013
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Pergamentul diafan. Povestiri, Bucureşti, Nemira, 1994
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Pergamentul diafan. Ultimele povestiri, Bucureşti, Nemira, 1996; Iaşi, Polirom, 2002
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Psihanodia, Bucureşti, Nemira, 1997, Iaşi, Polirom, 2006
  Culianu, Ioan Petru, Religie și putere, Bucureşti, Nemira,  1996; Iaşi, Polirom, 2005
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Studii românești I. Fantasmele nihilismului. Secretul Doctorului Eliade, Bucureşti, Nemira, 2000; Iaşi, Polirom, 2006
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Studii românești II. Soarele și Luna. Otrăvurile admirației, Iaşi, Polirom, 2009
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Tozgrec, Iaşi, Polirom, 2010
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Cult, magie, erezii. Articole din enciclopedii ale religiilor, Iaşi, Polirom, 2003
• David, Dorin, De la Eliade la Culianu, Eikon, Cluj, 2010
• De Martino, Marcello, Mircea Eliade esoterico. Ioan Petru Culianu e i „non detti”, Settimo Sigillo, Roma, 2008
• Dumbravă, Daniela, „Il Carteggio Ugo Bianchi & Ioan Petru Culianu: fonte per la storiografia italian della storia delle religioni”, în Archaeus 15 (2011), nr. 3, p. 451-470.
• Dumbravă, Daniela, „The Unplubished Correspondence between Ugo Bianchi and Ioan Petru Culianu”, în Archaeus 14 (2010), nr. 3, p. 93-120
• Galațchi, Simona, Etapele unei inițieri: o abordare jungiană și psihanalitică a literaturii lui Ioan Petru Culianu, Ed. Muzeul Național al Literaturii Române, Bucureşti, 2013.
• Gavriluță, Nicu, Culianu, jocurile minții și lumile multidimensionale, Polirom, Iaşi, 2000
• Antohi, Sorin (ed.), Ioan Petru Culianu. Omul și opera, Polirom, Iaşi, 2003
• Gorshunova, Olga, „Terra Incognita of Ioan Culianu”, în Ètnografičeskoe obozrenie, 2008, n° 6, p. 94-110 (în rusă)
• Kitchin, Rob şi Kneale, James, „Science fiction or futurefact? Exploring imaginative geographies of the new millennium”, în Progress in Human Geography 25 (2001), nr. 1, p. 19–35.
• McHale, Brian, Ficțiunea postmodernistă, trad. Dan H. Popescu, Polirom, Iaşi, 2009;
  Oişteanu, Andrei, „Mircea Eliade and Ioan Petru Culianu on Narcotics and Religion”, în Archaeus 14 (2010), nr. 3, p. 121-140
• Oişteanu, Andrei, Religie, politică și mit. Texte despre Mircea Eliade și Ioan Petru Culianu, Polirom, Iaşi, 2007; ed. a II-a 2014
• Patapievici, Horia-Roman, Ultimul Culianu, Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2010
• Pîrjol, Florina, „Actualitatea lui Culianu”, în Dilemateca, august 2010, p. 53.
• Popescu, Raul, „Ioan Petru Culianu şi lumile sale ficționale”, în Steaua 59 (2013), nr. 7-8, p. 22-24.
• Scholes, Robert, Structural Fabulation: An Essay on Fiction of the Future, Notre Dame University Press, Notre Dame, London, 1981;
• Spătaru, Emilia, „Lucian Blaga si Ioan Petru Culianu în context european”, http://www.philippide.ro/distorsionari_2008/553-556%20SPATARU%20Emilia.pdf
• Suvin, Darko, Metamorphoses of Science Fiction: On the Poetics and History of a Literary Genre, Yale University Press, New Haven, London, 1979;
• Zolla, Elemire, Ioan Petru Culianu, Alberto Tallone Editore, 1994.

Umberto Eco, Technician of The Novel

The present study is, above all, an exercise of admiration for the literary, scientific, academic and essaystic work of Umberto Eco, undoubtedly one of the most translated writers of the last century, proving an impressive stylistic and discursive versatility, wielding with equal dexterity the sober, scientific discourse of the semiotician, the playful, parodic, ironic and self-ironic rhetoric of the globetrotter from “the minimal diaries” and, not least, the narrative discourse, excellently built on technical premises, wich, at some point, he does not hesitate to unveil, more precisely in “Confessions of A Young Novelist”.
Keywords: Umberto Eco, technique of the novel, narrative discourse, fictional world, literary convention.

• Eco, Umberto, Confesiunile unui tânăr romancier Confessions of A Young Novelist, Polirom, Iaşi, 2011.
• Kundera, Milan, Arta romanului / The Art Of The Novel, Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2008.
• Manolescu, Nicolae, O întrebare pentru Umberto Eco / A Question For Umberto Eco, în „România literară”, nr. 10 / 2012.
• Varga, Dragoş, În căutarea naratorului perfect / In Search Of The Perfect Narrator, Institutul European, Iaşi, 2011.

Acknowledgment:

This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-RUTE-2012-3-0411.

Contending Narratives in Ian McEwan’s Fiction

My study examines an abiding theme in Ian McEwan’s fiction–the sciences vs. the humanities–within the context of the “two cultures” debate and the extent to which McEwan’s novels can be seen as participating in the debate. One needs to refrain from the impulse of situating McEwan’s fiction as complacently resting within a “two cultures” framework, as a careful examination of his texts, which attest to their author’s refusal to take for granted scientific or any kind of doctrines, demolishes such a view. Nevertheless, this refusal is not readily apparent since it is camouflaged by the main characters’ rationalistic and scientific interpretations of events. By creating characters who are proven wrong for exclusively endorsing one side of the conflict, McEwan engages in the “two cultures” debate and challenges the significance of science in a dehumanised, globalised world. Determining whether the epistemological models of the sciences and the humanities as thematised in McEwan’s fiction can be reconciled and can converge into a “third culture”
so as to offer a comprehensive and moral outlook is the chief aim of my investigation.
Keywords: Ian McEwan, science, the humanities, morality, the “third culture.”

• Arnold, Matthew. “Literature and Science.” Available at
  http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~ian/arnold.htm, last accessed: Sept. 17, 2015.
• Bewes, Timothy. “What is Philosophical ‘Honesty’ in Postmodern Literature?” New Literary History 31.
• Cook, Jon; Groes, Sebastian; Sage, Victor. “Journey without Maps: An Interview with Ian McEwan.”  Ian McEwan: Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Ed. Sebastian Groes, London, Continuum, 2009.
• Garner, Dwight. “The Salon Interview: Ian McEwan.” 31 March 1998. Available at
• http://www.salon.com/1998/03/31/cov_si_31int, last accessed: Sept. 17, 2015.
• Head, Dominic. Contemporary British Novelists: Ian McEwan. Manchester and New York,
• Manchester University Press, 2007. Lakoff, George; Johnson,  Mark. Metaphors We Live By. The University of Chicago Press, 2003.
• McEwan, Ian. Enduring Love. London: Vintage Books, 1998.
• McEwan, Ian. “Faith v Fact.” The Guardian. 7 Jan. 2005.
• Available at
• http://www.theguardian.com/science/2005/jan/07/g2, last accessed: Sept. 17, 2015.
• McEwan, Ian. “Literature, Science and Human Nature.” Human Nature: Fact and Fiction. Ed.
• Robin Headlam Wells and Johnjoe McFadden. London and New York, Continuum, 2006.
• McEwan, Ian. “Move Over, Darwin…” The Observer. London, 20 Sept. 1998.
• McEwan, Ian. Saturday. New York, Anchor Books, 2006.
• McEwan, Ian. The Child in Time. London, Picador, 1988.
• Rees-Jones, Deryn. “Fact and Artefact: Poetry, Science, and a Few Thoughts on Ian
• McEwan’s   Saturday.”   Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 30:4 Dec. 2005.
• Slay, Jack, Jr.. “Vandalising Time: Ian McEwan’s  The Child in Time.”   Critique 35: 4 Summer 1994.
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From sympathetic to demoniac. Reflections upon the creator in Lucian Blaga and Liviu Rusu’s philosophy

The aim of this essay is to analyse the aesthetical conceptions of Lucian Blaga and Liviu Rusu regarding the relationship between the creation and its creator. Beyond the shared philosophical influences of the two academics, their philosophic beliefs communicate their vision about art and the author. They develop their aesthetic universe starting from an imbalanced state that needs to be rebuilt through creation. Debating the origins of the artwork, placing those in a subconscious projection, in play or through an evolutive path, establishing the creative affliction, bypassing censorship through the artistic performance are only some of the features discussed in this paper. In an attempt to unravel both
the converging and conflicting aspects of their works we believe to have retraced the inception of the Romanian art philosophy.
Keywords: creator, creation, aesthetics, transmutation, abstraction

• Balotă, Nicolae, Euphorion / Euphorion, Editura Pentru Literatură, Bucureşti, 1969.
• Blaga, Lucian, Elanul insulei: aforisme și însemnări / The Upsurge of the island: aphorisms and notes, Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 1977.
• Blaga, Lucian, Trilogia culturii / The Trilogy of Culture, Editura Minerva, Bucureşti, 1987.
• Blaga, Lucian, Trilogia valorilor / The Trilogy of Value, Editura Minerva, Bucureşti, 1987.
• Blaga, Lucian, Zări și etape / Horizons and Stages, Editura Pentru Literatură, Bucureşti, 1968.
• Braga, Corin, Geneza lumilor imaginare / The Genesis of imaginary worlds, Editura Institutul European, Iaşi, 1998.
• Borcilă, Mircea, Eonul Blaga : întâiul veac. Culegere de lucrări dedicată Centenarului Lucian Blaga (18951995), Editura Albatros, Bucureşti, 1997.
• Gavriliu, Leonard, Inconștientul în viziunea lui Lucian Blaga / The unconscious in Blaga’s perspective, Editura  IRI, Bucureşti, 1997.
• Muthu, Mircea, Studii de estetică românească / Romanian aesthetic studies, Editura Limes, Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
• Micu, Dumitru, Estetica lui Lucian Blaga / The aesthetics of Lucian Blaga, Editura Științifică, Bucureşti, 1970.
• Papahagi, Marian, Studiu introductiv la Liviu Rusu, Eseu despre creația artistică / Introductory study to Liviu Rusu, An essay on artistic creativity, Editura Științifică şi Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 1989.
• Pop, Traian, Lucian Blaga. Ontologia culturii / Cultural ontology, Casa Cărții de Știință, Cluj-Napoca, 2006.
• Rusu, Liviu, Eseu despre creația artistică. Contribuții la o  estetică dinamică / An essay on artistic creativity, Editura Științifică şi Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 1989.
• Vaida, Mircea, Afinități și izvoare / Affinities and sources, Editura Minerva, Bucureşti, 1975.
• Vidam, Teodor, Lucian Blaga și filosofia europeană a secolului XX / Lucian Blaga and the twentieth-century European philosophy, Casa Cărții de Știință, ClujNapoca, 2005.
• Voia, Vasile, Tentația limitei și limita tentației / The limit of temptation and the temptaion of the limit, Editura Ideea Europeană, Bucureşti, 2012.
• Zamfirescu, Vasile Dem, Filozofia inconștientului / Philosophy of the unconscious, vol I, Editura Trei, Bucureşti, 2001.