Mihail Fărcăşanu and the pedagogy of  freedom 

In this study, the authors surveys the life and works of Mihail Fărcăşanu, one of the leaders of Romania’s democratic emigration after 1945. Keeping distance from Gheorghe Tătărăscu’s autocratic liberalism, Fărcăşanu is, alongside Dinu Brătianu, a pillar of the liberal thought vindicating from the European aspirations of the generation from 1848. His exile thus echoes after one century the active emigration of I.C. Brătianu and C.A. Rosetti. A student of Carl Schmitt’s (his paper published in Romania will pe titled „Social Monarchy”), he will not be nevertheless a follower of Schmitt’s, as he will not accept and justify the usefulness of tyranny with judicial arguments. For the first time in Romania, the author of the study makes reference to some of Mihail Fărcăşanu’s yet unpublished works (namely of the study on Freedom and existence).

Keywords: contemporary Romanian history, democratic exile after 1945, Mihail Fărcăşanu, anti-communism,
liberal conservatism

• Mihail Fărcăşanu, Monarhia socială / Social monarchy, Fundaţia
  Regele Carol II, Bucureşti, 1940
• Mihail Fărcăşanu, Libertate şi existenţă (manuscris inedit) /
  Freedom and existence (unpublished manuscript)

The noble House of Balassa: origins, evolution and history. Centuries 13-18

In the researches on the noble elites from Transylvania the study upon vayvoda Emeric Balassa, a representative of a leading noble house, was deepened with implications in various areas of the Transylvanian society. The researches also raised interest in certain Hungarian or Romanian hypotheses regarding the origin of this noble house. This study represents the synthesis of a complex study which is still in work, on the Balassa noble house. The study will materialize in a chapter of my PhD thesis with a family tree attached. The present study extends only over a period of four or five centuries. Studying the ancestors of vayvoda Emeric Balassa, the study arrived to a first member of this family attested in 1229 by a document that mentioned Detre Ispan of Zoulum. The descending evolution of the family generated its split into several family trees: Gyarmath, Kekkew, Ibufalva, Andrásfalva, etc which designated the possesion owned. But the name of the noble house is attested for the first time in a document from 1364 which mentions Balász/Blasy which indicates the transition from the using of the name of each person accompanied by the name of the predecessor to the use of the person’s name and the name of Balász/Blasy which will become the name of this noble family whose branch was transmitted to nowadays.

Keywords: Balassa, Bălaşa, noble elites, genealogy, Emeric Balassa

Unpublished Sources:

• Magyar Ország Leveltár (Hungarian National Archives) – Arcanum Adtbázis kft: Diplomatikai Levéltar (Q szekcio) [Diplomatic Archive],
  1. Családi levéltárak (P szekcióból) [Family Archives], Balassa család (Balassa Family);
  2. Kincstári levéltárból [Treasury Archives], MKA, Neo-regestrata acta; documente disponibile la adresa web http://mol.arcanum.hu/, accesat: augustoctombrie 2011; septembrie-noiembrie 2012.
• Direcţia Judeţeană a Arhivelor Naţionale, Filiala Cluj Napoca (County Department of the National Archives, Cluj Napoca):
  1. Fond Sarkantyos şi Gyulay (Sarkantyos and Gyulay Fund), Cota Balassa.
  2. Fond Primăria Municipiului Cluj (The City Hall Cluj Fund), Privilegii, mms. 86, mms. 9.Edited sources:
• Hurmuzaki, Eudoxiu. Documente privitoare la Istoria Românilor (Documents referring to the History of the Romanians). Bucureşci, 1887-1942.
• Volumul I, Suplimentul II (1510-1600), 1893, XXXI +652 p.
• Volumul II, Partea a II-a (1451-1510), 1891, XLVII + 729 p.
• Volumul II, Partea a V-a (1552-1575), 1897, XXXII + 770 p.
• Laurenţiu (solie). Relaţie din Moldova (februarie 1553). În: ***, Călători străini despre Ţările Române (Foreign Travellers about the Romanian Countries). (Coordonator, Maria Holban), vol. II, Bucureşti, Editura Ştiintifică, 1970, pp. 104-104.
• Schesäus, Cristian. Ruinae Pannicae. Wittenberg, 1571, vol I, 300 p.
• Veress, Endre. Báthory István Erdély Fejedelem és Lengyel Király levelezése 1556-1575 (The correspondence of the Transylvanian Prince and the Polish King Stefan Bathory). Kolozsvár, Donátul Pécsi Egyetemi Kőnyvkiadό és nyomda R.T. Nyomása, 1944, 386 p. Veress, Andrei. Documente privitoare la Istoria Ardealului, Moldovei şi Ţării Româneşti. (Documents referring to the history of Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia). vol. I, Bucureşti, Ed. Curtea Românească, 1929, 368 p.
• Werner, Georg. Raport din lunile martie-aprilie 1552 despre veniturile regeşti din Transilvania. în ***, Călători străini despre Ţările Române (Foreign Travellers about the Romanian Countries). (Coordonator, Maria Holban),, vol. II, pp. 13-90. Specialized studies and works:
• Albu, Ioan. Monumentul epigrafic la saşi în context central-european (secolele XV-XVIII) [Epigraphic monument at the Germans from Romania in a Central European Context (centuries 15-18)], Teză de doctorat susţinută în 1997, coordonator ştiinţific Prof. Dr. Thomas Nägler, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, 320 p. + 118 pl.
• Aslan, Margareta. Atitudini civice şi imaginea Imperiului Otoman în societatea Transilvăneană în perioada principatului (1541-1688) [Civic atitudes and the image of the Ottoman Empire in the Transylvanian society during the principality.(1541-1688)]. Teză de doctorat susţinută în 2010, coordonator ştiinţific Acad. Prof. Univ. Dr. Edroiu Nicolae, Universitatea „Babeş-Bolyai” din Cluj Napoca, 353 p.
• Bota, Florin Cristian. Monografia comunei Stremţ (The monograph of the Stremt village). Alba Iulia, Editura Altip, 600 p.
• Dörner, Anton, Structura puterii (The structure of power). În ***, Istoria Transilvaniei (De la 1541 până la 1711) [History of Transylvania (From 1541 to 1711)], Coordonatori Ioan-Aurel Pop, Thomas Nägler, Magyari András, Institutul Cultural Român & Centrul de Studii Transilvănene, Cluj Napoca, 2005, vol. II, pp. 141-186.
• Feneşan, Cristina. Constituirea principatului autonom al Transilvaniei. (The establishment of the autonomous principality of Transylvania), Bucureşti, Ed. Enciclopedică, 1997, 347 p.
• Felezeu, Călin. Statutul Principatului Transilvaniei în raporturile cu Poarta Otomană (1541-1688) [The status of the Principality of Transylavania in the relationships to the Ottoman Empire (1541-1688)]. Cluj Napoca, Editura Presa Universitară Clujeană, 1996, 383 p. Grigoraş, Nicolae, Precursor al lui Mihai Viteazul (Precursor of Michael the Brave). În ***, Petru Rareş (Petru Rareş), Redactor coordonator Leon Şimanschi, Bucureşti, Editura Academiei R.S.R., 1978, pp. 85-108.
• Iorga, Nicolae. Istoria românilor din Ardeal şi Ungaria (The history of the Romanians from Transylvania and Hungary).  Ediţie îngrijită de Georgeta Penelea, Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică şi Enciclopedică, 1999, 564 p. Makkai, László; Mόcsy, András. Erdèly Törtènete a kezdetektöl 1606-ig (Transylvanian history from the beginning up in 1606). Budapest, Akademiai Kiadό, 1987, 611  p. Moţul. Români Maghiarisaţi (Romanians magyarised). În Revista Tribuna (Tribuna magazine), Nr. 7, Sibiu, joi 11/23 ianuarie 1890, p. 26-29.
• Miklόs, Lázár grof. A Marosszékben 1491-1515 közt hadnagyságot és biroságot, nemek és ágak rendje szerint viseltek lajstroma (Ordinea şi rânduiala hădnagilor şi birăilor, a neamurilor şi ramurilor din Scaunul Mureş între 1491-1515). În: Századok, szerkeszti Thaly Kálmán, Második Evfolyam, vol II, A Magyar Történelmi Tàrsulat Kiadàsa, Pest, 1868, p. 673-676.
• Mureşanu, Camil. Transilvania după prăbuşirea Regatului Ungar (1526-1541) [Transylvania after the decay of the Kingdom of Hungary (1526-1541)]. În ***, Istoria Romanilor (The history of Transylvania). vol. IV, 2001, pp. 503-507.
• Opalinski, Petre. Raport către regele Poloniei Sigismund I (Reference to the king of Poland Sigismund I). În ***, Călători străini despre Ţările Române (Foreign Travellers about the Romanian Countries). Volumul I, Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică, 1968, pp. 344-348.
• Păcurariu, Francisc. Românii şi maghiarii de-a lungul  veacurilor (The Romanians and the Hungarians along the centuries). Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1988, 610 p.
• Szilády, Áron; Szilágyi, Sándor. Török-Magyarkori Emlèkek. Okmánytár. vol.VIII, Pest, 1863, 448 p.
• Szilágyi, Sándor. Monumenta Comitalia Regni Transsylvaniae. vol. I (1540-1556), Budapest, 1875.
• Tătar, Octavian. Aspecte internaţionale ale constituirii Principatului Transilvaniei (International aspects of the establishment of the Principality of Transylvania). Muzeul
  „Castelul Corvineştilor”, Hunedoara, 2001, 290 p.
• Vigh, Béla. Disputele sinodale  lutherano-calvino-unitariene în Transilvania secolului al XVI-lea (The synodal Lutherano-Calvino-Unitarian disputes in the 16th century). Teză de doctorat susţinută în 2009, coordonator ştiinţific Prof. Univ, Dr. H. C. Thomas Nägler, Universitatea „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, 303 p.
• Teoteoi, C.; Toderaşcu, I. Moldova în prima jumătate a secolului al XVI-lea. În ***, Istoria Românilor. De la universalitatea creştină către Europa „patriilor” (The history of the Romanians. From the Christian Universality to the Europe of the countries). Editura Enciclopedică, Bucureşti, 2001, vol. IV, pp. 426-452. Electronic resources and websites accessed:
• http://epa.oszk.hu/01500/01500/00004/pdf/0000 4_301.pdf; accesat: Joi 6 septembrie 2012, orele: 22:49.
• http://mol.arcanum.hu/; accesat august-octombrie 2011; septembrie-noiembrie 2012.
• http://www.geni.com/people/Imre-Balassa-de-Gyarmat/6000000008824249501; accesat: Joi 10 mai 2012, orele: 16:40.
• http://www.kozadat.salgotarjan.hu/docs/1205.pdf; accesat: Miercuri 10 august 2011, ora 9:48.
• http://www.royalblood.co.uk, accesat Luni 10 septembrie 2012, orele 22:31-22:52.

An Anthropological Approach of the Mythological References to the Gold Mining At Roşia Montană and Bucium Şasa

The present paper proposes an anthropological approach of the mining legends, myths, beliefs and superstitions fromtow villages of Apuseni Mountins, Roşia Montană şi Bucium Şasa, in order to emphasize the local guideline regarding thegold exploitation. The subject seemed important to me when, during some recent field research at Roşia Montană. In thisvillage situated in the North-Western part of Romania, in Transylvania, an extremely controversial mining project forexploitation of mineral resources aims to deplete this gold deposit in a period of 16-17 years. In these circumstances, Iidentified in the opponents’ speech certain expressions of immemorial superstitions about the inhabitants’ relationshipwith the area’s mineral resources, as well as beliefs about the way these resources could be used so that their lives andwealth would not be endangered. Our anthropological approach of the miners’ work culture emphasize that the minersaccess to the gold research is regulated by an ethical code of work, transmitted by word of mouth.

Keywords: Vâlva Băii, mythology, gold, mining, imaginary

• Bogdan, Ion, Originea mitologică a tradiţionalului „Târg defete” de pe Muntele Găina (Mythological Origin ofTraditional “Girls Fair” on Găina Mountain). În: ŢaraMoţilor. Studii, articole şi comunicări (Stone Country.Studies, Articles and Communications), coordonatorRomulus Felea, Alba-Iulia, 1977, p. 173-189
• Botiş-Ciobanu, Maria, Ţara Moţilor. Legende şi credinţe(Stone Country. Legends and Beliefs), Vol. I, Arad, TiparulTipografiei Diecezane, 1928.
• Butură,Valer, Spălarea aurului din aluviuni şi mineritulţărănesc din Munţii Apuseni(Washing Gold from theAlluvial Deposits and Traditional Mining in ApuseniMountains). În: Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic alTransilvaniei1965-1967, (Yearbook of the TransylvanianMuseum of Ethnography 1965-1967), Cluj, 1969, p.25-93.
• Cuceu, Ion, Fenomenul povestitului(Storytelling Phenomenon),Cluj-Napoca, Editura Fundaţiei pentru StudiiEuropene, 1999.
• Douglas, Mary, Risk and Blame, London and New York,Routledge, 1992.
• Fisch, Norbert, Legende şi povestiri din Munţii Apuseni(Legends and Stories from Apuseni Mountains),Cluj-Napoca, Editura Tradiţii Clujene, 2010.
• Frâncu, Teofil, Candrea, George, Românii din MunţiiApuseni: moţii (The Romanians of the Apuseni Mountains:Moţii), Bucureşci, „Tipografia Modernă” GregorieLuis, 1888.
• Hedeşan, Otilia, Pentru o mitologie difuză(For a DiffuseMythology), Timişoara, Editura Marineasa, 2000.
• Ioniţă, Maria, Cartea Vîlvelor. Legende din Apuseni (Thebook of Vâlva.Legends from Apuseni Mountains). Cu uncuvânt introductiv de Ion Şeuleanu. Cluj-Napoca,Editura Dacia, 1982.
• Popa, Ilie, Mineritul de aur în Roşia-Montană(The GoldMining at Roşia Montană). În: Analele minelor dinRomânia(Mines’ Annals from Romania), 9/Sept., 1936,p. 413-419.
• Rosa, E. A., Freudenburg, W. R., Risk, Sociology of, in:,International Encyclopedia of the Social and BehavioralSciences, coordonatori N. J. Smelser şi P. B. Baltes,Oxford, Elsevier Science Limited, 2001, p.13356-13360.
• Şoit, Ana, Legende populare minereşti (Mining PopularLegends). Studiu introductiv de Ion Iliescu. Bucureşti,Editura Minerva, 1974.

Argentina. The biography of a doctrine. Peronism. Circumstances, effigies, reverberations“

Nascuntur poetare, hiant oratores”
Cicero

Among the effigies of Argentina – the gaucho, the Tango, its special wines etc. –, one must undoubtedly include thePeron couple, Juan Domingo Peron and Evita Duarte Peron. The Argentine leaders have launched “Peronism”, aneconomic doctrine with important social reverberations. The present study observes the genesis of this doctrine, itsproliferation and its coordinates. It also surveys the way Argentina developed during Peronism, and aims at evaluating ifthe doctrine is still valid.
Keywords: history of economics, 20th century economics, Argentina, Peronism, Juan Domingo Peron, Evita DuartePeron

• Simon Collier, Artemis Cooper, Maria Susana Azzi, RichardMartin, Tango! Con fotografia de Ken Hass,ODIN Ediciares,Buenos Aires, Argentina, Barcelona, Espania, Méseico –México, 1997
• Dan Popescu, Economia ca spaţiu deschis.În ochiul ciclonului /Economy as an open area. In the eye of the cyclone,Ed.Continent, Sibiu-Bucureşti, 2002
• Dan Popescu, Istoria gândirii economice din antichitate până lasfârşitul secolului XX / The history of economic thought from theAntiquity to the end of the 20thcentury, Ed.Continent,Sibiu-Bucureşti, 2001***, Le XIII-e Congrés International d’HistoireEconomique, Argentina, Section 63: „Les pays del’Europe Centrale et de l’Europe de l’Est: allez, retour,allez vers l’économie de Marche” / “The countries ofCentral and South-Eastern Europe: come, go, cometowards the market economy”, coordinateur et coauteurprof. Dan Popescu, Ed.Continent, Sibiu-Bucureşti, 2002
• Monrique Zago, Buenos Aires yester year (1854-1930),Ediciares, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1998***, Encyclopedie Générale, Hachett, Paris, 1977, cap. Argentina
• E.P.Historical Research Foudation, Biographie d’Evita Peron /The biography of Evita Peron, Site Internet Officiel EvitaPeron, 2011***, „Vida, pasion y muerte. Evita (1952-2002). Un documentalde Román Lejtman / “Life, passion and death”. A documentaryby Román Lejtman, INCAP, Buenos Aires, 2000

Old Romanian books in the public libraries in Hungary

In this study, the author gives evidence of the presence in the libraries in Hungary of two printed works, representingunknown and yet important Romanian bibliographic sources: Old Book(Bucvariu, Viena, 1792) and The parochial duties of thepresbyters(Datorinţele presbiterilor parohalnici, Buda, 1798). The author realizes a tehnical description of the printed works,according with the specialized scientific terminology, aiming thus at introducing these two so far unknown sources in thescientific circuit.Keywords: public libraries in Hungary, old Romanian book, orthodox religious book, notes, spelling-book

• Bianu, Ioan; Hodoş, Nerva; Simonescu, Dan. Bibliografiaromânească veche 1508-1830, tomul III 1809-1830, (OldRomanian Bibliography 1508-1830),Bucureşti, EdituraAcademiei Române, 1936, 777 p.
• Chindriş, Ioan. Cartea românească veche la Budapesta.Repertoriu, (Romanian Old Books in Budapest. Repertory).În Acta Musei Napocensis Istorie, anul XXXIII/2,1997, p. 215-229.
• Dudaş, Florian. Cărţile româneşti din Biblioteca lui SamuilVulcan (Catalogul din 1829-1830) (The Romanian OldBooks from Samuil Vulcan’s library.The catalogue from1829-1830). În Crisia anul IX, 1979, p. 381-419.

Valorisation of the Romanian National Library written cultural heritage through international projects

National Library of Romania is involved in various international projects aiming to create valuable digital contentrelevant to the European cultural memory.Since 2007, the library is connected in the following projects: TEL plus– set out to strengthen, extend and improveThe European Library service by adding digital cultural and scientific/scholarly content and improving access to it, also tosustain Romanian and Bulgarian national libraries (two of the newest Member States) make their content available throughThe European Library and became full members of The European Library; ENRICH– European Networking Resources andInformation concerning Cultural Heritage/ Manuscriptorium– project aimed to enhance access to digital image of old documentsfrom different European cultural institutions and to build and deploy virtual research environment for the study ofmanuscripts, rare and old printed books; REDISCOVER– Reunion of Dispersed Content: Virtual Evaluation and Reconstruction– the main purpose of the project is to gather, virtually reconstruct and make accessible of medieval and renaissancecollection dispersed during the late Middle Ages and early modern period, especially in period of Thirty year’s war. Theproject activities take into account: selection according to a series of criteria, digitisation and integration of materials in adigital library performed on Manuscriptorium.com platform.National Library of Romania will further run two other international projects based on digitisation activities: Balkan Routes.Online digital collections– a project purposing to digitally available a French documentary corpus of rare and precious books fromBalkan libraries; VERMANEL – Vernacular Manuscripts în European Libraries– a project with the aim to digitize and describemedieval German manuscripts of middle and eastern European provenance, that can be found in “Europeana” portal.Keywords: The National Library of Romania, digital library, projects

The paradox as passion of the contemplative reason in Søren Kierkegaard’s philosophy

The meeting between the reason and the paradox represents an event of special order for the human consciousness.The cognitive analytical flow is put in front of an obstacle that not only stops it, but also stimulates it. By analyzing theratio between the paradoxical situation and the reason, in correspondence with the ratio between passion and affectivity,Søren Kierkegaard insists on the ability to potentiate and to incite that the paradox can exert on the meditative thinking.The paradox, as passion of the contemplative reason, represents the unknown that induces the need of self-surpassing themeditative procedure, the need to jump over its own self-imposed limits. The meeting with the paradox resembles to thesetting of the consciousness in front of the mystery of the Divine, placing that troubles, by its ontological and gnoseologicaldisproportion, by perceiving the difference and the distance between God and the man, distance inaugurated, accordingto the mystical and theological version, by the original sin. For Kierkegaard, a contemplator who does not experiment theanxious meeting with the paradox is just like a lover who does not totally assume his love or like a false believer who invokeshis god without actually living his sacrament. Such a contemplator is and remains a mediocre spirit.

Keywords: paradox, reflexive consciousness, stimulation of reason, unknown, anxiety, metaphysical trembling,over-cognitive barrage, gnoseological censorship, the axiology of revelation

• Heidegger, Martin – Fiinţă şi timp (Being and time),Humanitas Publishing House, Bucharest, 2003
• Heidegger, Martin – Conceptul de timp (The concept of time),Humanitas Publishing House, Bucharest, 2000
• Heidegger, Martin – Timpul imaginii lumii (The Age ofworld picture), Paideia Publishing House,Bucharest,1998
• Kierkegaard, Søren – Fărâme filozofice (Phylosophicalcrumbs), Amarcord Publishing House, Timişoara,1999
• Kierkegaard, Søren – Frică şi cutremurare (Fear andtrembling), Antaios Publishing House, Oradea, 2001
• Kierkegaard, Søren – Conceptul de anxietate (The concept ofanxiety), Amarcord Publishing House, Timişoara,1998
• Kierkegaard, Søren – Scrisoare către un prieten (Letter to afriend), Maşina de scris Publishing House, Bucharest,1997
• Pascal, Blaise –Cugetări(Reflexions), Aion PublishingHouse,Oradea, 1998
• Pascal, Blaise –Misterul lui Isus (The mystery of Jesus), DaciaPublishing House, Cluj, 1998
• Sartre, J.P. – Fiinţa şi neantul. Eseu de ontologie fenomenologică(Being and nothingness. An essay on phenomenologicalontology), Paralela 45 Publishing House, Bucharest,2004.

Geography of the Family Name Sass/Saß and of its Correspondents in Germany and Romania

The purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate, based on a special digital program containing the lists of telephoniccustomers from 2005 in Germany, that the family names and ethnonyms Sass/Saß in German, the Romanian Sas, Sas(s)u,Sascu, the Hungarian S(z)asz, whose origin is first of all the name of the old tribe of Northern Saxons (Nieder)sachsen(oldGerman sahso, middle German sachse, northern German sasse), based on this, the German colonists who came in Transylvaniain the 12thcentury were called in Latin Saxones, in German Siebenbürger Sachsen, in Romanian saşi, their geographic spreadingin Germany is different due to the fact that, in the case of names such as Sass/Saß, we can speak about indigenous names,formed on the territory of Germany, especially in northern lands Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein (seeMap 1), while in the second case, we are dealing with names having a foreign origin (Romanian or Hungarian) that appearedin Transylvania and then reached Germany due to the phenomenon of migration from east to west, specific to the 20thand the 21stcenturies for political-economic reasons (spreading in the richly industrialized lands of Bavaria,Baden-Württemberg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Hessen and Nordrhein-Westfalen (see Map 2).

Keywords: digital onomastic geography; compared onomatology; family names; ethnonyms Sass/Saß in German, Romanian andHungarian.

Bibliography:

• Bahlow Hans: Deutsches Namenlexikon. / Lexikon of German FamilyNames.Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1985.
• Berger Dieter: Geographische Namen in Deutschland. / Geographic Namesin Germany.Dudenverlag, Mannheim, Leipzig, Wien, Zürich 1993.
• Brechenmacher Josef Karlmann: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschenFamiliennamen. / Etymologic Dictionary of German Family Names.2.Bd, C.A.Starke Verlag, Limburg a. d. Lahn 1960-1963.
• Constantinescu N.A.: Dicţionar onomastic romînesc. / Onomastic RomanianDictionary.Editura Academiei, Bucureşti 1963.
• Gottschald Max: Deutsche Namenkunde. Unsere Familiennamen. / GermanOnomatology. Our Family Names.Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, NewYork 1982.
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• Keintzel-Schön Fritz: Die siebenbürgisch-sächsischen Familiennamen. /Saxon Family Names in Transylvania.Böhlau Verlag, Köln /Wien1976
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• Kohlheim Rosa u. Kohlheim Volker:Duden Familiennamen. / Duden– The Lexicon of Last Names.Dudenverlag, Mannheim, Leipzig,Wien, Zürich 2005.
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• Tomescu Domniţa: Numele de persoană la romîni. Perspectivă istorică. /Romanian First Names. Historic perspective.Editura UniversEnciclopedic, Bucureşti 2001.
• Zoder Rudolf: Familiennamen in Ostfalen. / Family Names in Ostfalen.Bd. 2, Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung, Hildesheim 1968.

Internetquellen:

http:// www.familienaam.be

http:// www.meertens.knaw.nl

http:// www.geopatronyme.com

http:// www.verwandt.ch

http:// www.moikrewni.plGeogen At (CD-Rom, Telefonanschlüsse 2005)

Nicolae Toma Muntean îmbină înopera sa, într-un mod fericit, celetrei feţe ale timpului: trecutul,prezentul şi viitorul. Tonalităţile paletei variază de la unocru-pământiu la o întreagă gamă de verde, uneori custrăluminări care pun în evidenţă forme ale temporaluluişi ale atemporalului. […] Întreaga lui pictură transmiteun mesaj încărcat de simboluri şi fine aluziimistico-religioase, de o realizare tehnică şi coloristicădeosebită”. In astfel de termeni, tehnicişti doar la primavedere, Horea Cucerzan caracterizează travaliul artisticde-o viaţă al pictorului Nicolae Toma Muntean, carene-a invitat, cu căldura şi generozitatea care-lcaracterizează, la aceasta impresionantă şi aşteptatăExpoziţie personală.