On the correspondence between Antioh and Maria Cantemir

In the last days of 1731, Antioh Cantemir is named resident of the Sankt-Petersburg Court to St James Palace.The young lieutenant of the Preobrajenski Regiment is therefore rewarded for his political involvement in the events connected with the acceding to the throne of empress Anna Ioannovna; but unofficial, it was aimedt at the alienating from Russia of a capable man that was among the empress’ favourites. It was proved to be a one-way road as the Moldavian prince had never been able to see again his brothers or adoptive country. The family connection has still been kept by means of letters that were quite frequently exchanged with Maria Cantemir. These are extremly important texts not only because of their role in a better knowledge of the Cantimir family, but also for their role in recreating the background and mentality of a period that is generally poor in written sources. From this epistolary dialogue we offer those who are interested three epistles that were unknown until now in the Romanian cultural space.
Keywords: literary history; the destiny of the Cantemir family; Russia in the first half of the 18th century.

The ”hybrid” novel and the creative reflection of antinomies

G. Ibrăileanu, although he hasn’t framed critical and esthetical innovating solutions, and hasn’t strongly militated against a certain directions, he has still managed to build a coherent and viable ideology starting from the Romanian cultural reality of his time, without losing sight of the dominant literary phenomena from the European space. As far as the novel is concerned, his theoretical ideas, spread like a puzzle in journalism, find thier sistematization in the essay Creation and analysis (Creaţie şi analiză – 1926). In order to understand Ibrăileanu’s conception about the sovereign epic species, the reading of those articles must be completed. There we can see very clearly what kind of Romanian forms are accepted by the critic from „Viaţa românească” and why. Before instituting a theoretical system, before the aimed coherence – result of conceptualization -, there is viscerality, prompt reaction. The
present study aims at observing the evolution and metamorphoses of G. Ibrăileanu’s ideas concerning the novel.
Keywords: Romanian literature, Romanian literary criticism, interwar Romanian writers, G. Ibrăileanu

• G. Ibrăileanu, Spre roman/Towards novel,, antologie, postfaţă şi bibliografie de M. Ungheanu, Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1972.
• G. Ibrăileanu, Opere/Works [vol] 10, Bucureşti,Editura Minerva, 1981.
• Nicolae Manolescu, Istoria critică a literaturii române.Cinci secole de literatură/The critical history of Romanian literature. Five centuries of literature, Piteşti, Editura Paralela 45.
• Al. Protopopescu, Romanul psihologic românesc/The Romanian psychological novel, ediţia a III-a, prefaţă de Vasile Andru, Piteşti, Editura Paralela 45, 2002.

A woman’s roles in the novels of Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu and Virgina Woolf (I).
The Wife, the Mother, the Daughter, the Sister

The present study deals with the comparative analysis of four of the main roles played by the woman within her family – the Wife, the Mother, the Daughter and the Sister – as considered in the novels of Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu and Virginia Woolf. What is new, as compared to the female characters of the predecesor women writers, is that the identity of women, as understood by men at the beginning of the XXth century as centered wholly around the domestic realm, tends to become less obvious.The two authors have in common the fact that they both appreciate the institution of marriage but, the British novelist has her female characters make the appology of marriage by mentioning its benefits, whereas Hortensia
Papadat-Bengescu’s heroines offer the reader the reverse of the coin as a negative example.
What differentiates the female characters of the two novelists is, on the one hand, the extent to which the respective writers managed to combine the roles of the characters to make them more interesting and more credible and, on the other hand, the way in which the authors present the family conflicts. With Virginia Woolf ’s novels the family conflicts are very discreet as compared to those outspoken in the Romanian novelist’s, due to the fact that
the former presents fewer negative characters, whereas the latter’s work presents hardly any ‘positive’ female character proper.
Keywords: Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu, Virginia Woolf, a woman’s roles, the Wife, the Mother, the Daughter, the Sister

Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu

• Balaurul, Editura Militară, Bucureşti, 1986. Prefaţă de Gheorghe Crăciun [Bengescu, Balaurul].
• Fecioarele despletite, Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 1986.[Bengescu, Fecioarele].Concert din muzică de Bach, Editura Tineretului,Bucureşti, 1967. [Bengescu, Concert].
• Drumul ascuns, Editura Tineretului, Bucureşti, 1967.
• Logodnicul, Editura Junimea, Iaşi, 1986.
• Rădăcini, Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 1986. [Bengescu,Rădăcini].
• Cristescu, Maria Luiza, Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu. Portret de romancier, Editura Albatros (colecţia „Contemporanulnostru”), Bucureşti, 1976.
• Holban, Ioan, Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu. Monografie, Editura Albatros, Bucureşti, 1985.
• Rădulescu, Carmen Ligia, Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu. Marea europeană a anilor ’30, Editura Recif (colecţia „Scriitori români comentaţi”), 1996.
• Tudor-Anton, Eugenia, Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu. Marea europeană, Editura Naţional, 2001.
• Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu, interpretat de… Antologie, studiu introductiv şi tabel cronologic de Viola Vancea, Editura Eminescu, Bucureşti, 1976.

Virginia Woolf

• The Voyage Out, Duckworth, London, 1915 [Woolf,Voyage].
• Night and Day, Duckworth, London, 1919 [Woolf,Night].
• Jacob’s room, Hogarth Press, London, 1922 [Woolf, Jacob]
• Mrs Dalloway, Hogarth Press, London, 1925 [Woolf,Dalloway].
• To the Lighthouse, Hogarth Press, London, 1927 [Woolf,Lighthouse].
• Orlando, Hogarth Press, London, 1928 [Woolf, Orlando].
• The Years, Hogarth Press, London, 1937 [Woolf, Years].
• The Waves, Hogarth Press, London, 1931 [Woolf,Waves].
• Between the Acts, Hogarth Press, London, 1941 [Woolf,Acts].
• Woolf, Virginia, A room of one’s own. New York [etc.]:Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1991.
• Beja, Morris, Cristical Essays on Virginia Woolf, G. K.Hall, 1985.
• Daiches, David, Virginia Woolf, Greenwood Press, New York, 1979.
• Goldman, Jane, The Cambridge introduction to Virginia Woolf, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
• Lehmann, John, Virginia Woolf, Thames and Hudson, New York, 1999.
• Marcus, Laura, Virginia Woolf : [criticism and interpretation]. Northcote House, Plymouth, 1997.
• Miroiu, Mihai, Virginia Woolf, Editura Univers,Bucureşti, 1977.
• Ruotolo, Lucio P., The interrupted moment: a view of Virginia Woolf’s novels, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1986.

A global view of the thought of Mircea Vulcănescu

This essay attempts to give a global view of the thought of Romanian philosopher Mircea Vulcănescu as it can be made out from the press articles he wrote and the many talks he gave between the two wars. To this purpose I have selected his most famous talk, „The Romanian dimension of existence”, and also another, „The Dacian temptation”, both of which are very useful for the decryption of his views on the destiny of Romanian culture and
the Romanian nation and on the position the Romanians occupy among the European nations and cultures. I have also added a few remarks on Vulcănescu’s preoccupation with the problem of generation and the interests and orientations of the younger generation of that period, one of the spokesmen of which he was.
Keywords: Vulcănescu, generation, nationalism, Romania, identity, Western civilization, Dacians

• Mircea Vulcănescu, Dimensiunea românească a existenţei/The Romanian dimension of existence, vol. I: Pentru o nouă spiritualitate filosofică/For a new philosophic spirituality; Editura Eminescu, 1996.
• Mircea Vulcănescu, Dimensiunea românească a existenţei/The Romanian dimension of existence, vol. II: Chipuri spirituale ale vremii/Spiritual faces of the time; Editura Eminescu, 1996.
• Mircea Vulcănescu, Dimensiunea românească a existenţei/The Romanian dimension of existence, vol. III: Către fiinţa spiritualităţii româneşti/Towards the Romanian spiritual being; Editura Eminescu, 1996.

The Prince and the Reflector

The study analizes the concept of feminity in Dana Dumitriu’s prose, focusing mainly on the novel Prinţul Ghica / Prince Ghica, apparently one of the last suitable and profitable in what regards this aspect of feminity –first of all, because the main character is a man, and secondly because the novel is a historical one, the personal involvement of the authoress being therefore inherently bowdlerized, as all confessions are made through representatives. Nevertheless, the author of the study surpasses this inconvenients, proving that the thorough analysis of the authoress’s feminine ambassador within the fiction annihilates this prejudices.
Keywords: Romanian literature, Romanian postwar prose, Dana Dumitriu, historical novel, feminity, feminine characters

• Dana Dumitriu, Prinţul Ghica/Prince Ghica, Editura Albatros, Bucureşti, 1997
• Dana Dumitriu, „Ambasadorii” sau despre realismul psihologic/”Ambassadors” or about psychological realism, Editura Cartea Românească, Bucureşti, 1976.
• G. Călinescu, Istoria literaturii române de la origini până în prezent/The history of Romanian literature from its origins to the present, Fundaţia Regală pentru Literatură şi Artă, Bucureşti, 1941.

Nikolai Klyuev, or On Poetry and Prophecy in the Life of a Contemporary of Sergei Yesenin’s

This papar reintroduces the topos of the poet-prophet as mirrored in the life and work of a prominent (yet untranslated into the Romanian) poet of the Russian Modernism, Nikolay Kluyev (1884-1937). An idea as old as poetry itself, this conception of the poet’s mission gathers new connotations within the Modernist conflation of life and art (zhiznetvorchestvo), to which the tensioned and tragic fate of Kluyev is an illustration. The poet’s slow rehabilitation in the last decades of the 20th century involved his reappraisal precisely within the poet-prophet paradigm. This paper illustrates and discusses some of Klyuev’s poems and letters.
Keywords: Modernism, Nikolai Klyuev, poetic prophecy, Russian poetry, zhiznetvorchestvo

• Nikolai Klyuev. Stikhotvoreniya i poémy, Leningrad, Biblioteka poeta, 1982, 559 p. Bazanov, V.G. Poeziya Nikolaya Klyueva, p. 5-52 (Poems and poemas).
• Nikolai Klyuev. Slovesnoe drevo, S.-Peterburg,Rostok, 2003, 688 p. Kliuev 2003. (The Tree of Words)Nikolai Klyuev. Serdtse edinoroga, S.-Peterburg, Izd. Khristianskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 1999,1071 p. (The Unicorn’s Heart).
• Nikolai Klyuev. Scrisoare adresată lui Aleksandr Blok, 12 noiembrie 1907, http://www.nkpoety.narod.ru/win/main/main.html, accesat la data de 15 ianuarie 2010 (Klyuev’s letter to Blok).
• Garnin, V.P., compiler, editor, notes. Nikolay Klyuev glazami sovremennikov, Sankt-Peterburg, Editura Rostok,2005, 352 p. Kliuev 2005 (Nikolai Klyuev as seen by his contemporaries).
• Nyiri, Angara. Dicţionarul scriitorilor ruşi. Eseuri biobibliografice în două volume. Bucureşti. Editura Bizantină, 2003, p. 285-286 (A dictionary of Russian writers. biobibliographical essays in two volumes).
• Azadovski, Konstantin A. Gagar’ya sud’bina Nikolaya Klyueva, Sankt-Peterburg, Inapress, 2004. (Nikolai Klyeuv: A Loons’s Destiny).
• Brodsky, Joseph. Nobel lecture. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/ laureates/ 1987/brodskylecture-r.html (from Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1987, Editor Wilhelm Odelberg, [Nobel Foundation],Stockholm, 1988).
• Fateeva, Natalya. Osnovnye tendentsii razvitiya poeticheskogo yazyka v kontse XX veka. În: NLO (Novoye literaturnoe obozrenie), 2001, No.50, http://magazines. russ.ru /nlo /2001/50/fatte-pr.html, accesat la 15 ianuarie 2010 (The main trands in the development of Russian poetic language at the end of the twentieth century).
• Gumilëv, Nikolai. Pisma o russkoy poezii, în Apollon,S.-Peterburg, 1912, No.6, p. 53, http://kluev.org.ua/ -critics/ gumi lev pisma.htm, accesat la data de 15 ianuarie 2010 (Letters on Russian poetry).
• Iatskevich, L.G., Golovkina, S.H., Proekt poeticheskogo slovar’ya N.A. Klyueva, în Klyuevskii zbornik, Vologodskii Pedagogicheskii institut, Vologda, Legia, 2000, p. 5-36, http://kluev.org.ua/collegium/ -vologda.htm, accesat la data de 15 ianuarie 2010(Nikolai Klyuev’s poetic dictionary: a project).Ivanov, Razumnik Vasilievich (Ivanov-Razumnik).
• Prirody radostnyj prichastnik. Poeziya Nikolaya Klyueva. În:Poety des’atykh godov. Tvorchestvo i kritika, Peterburg,1922, p. 196-200 (Nature’s joyful companion: the poetry of Nikolay Klyuev. In: The poets of the 1910s:their works and criticism).
• Kisëleva, Lyudmila A. Mifologiya i realii staroobryadchestva v Pesn’ o Velikoy Materi Nikolaya Klyueva. În: Pravoslavie i kul’tura, Kiev, 2001, No. 1, p. 3-20 (The mythology and realia of the Christian Orthodox Old-Believers in Pesn’ o Velikoy Materi by Nikolay Klyuev).
• Makine, Michael. Whose Klyuev. Polemics of Identity and Poetry. In: Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 85, no 2, (2007), p. 231-270. Petrov, Viktor. Poslednii dom poéta. Zhizn’ i smert’ Nikolaya Klyueva, http://www.hrono.ru/text/2008/ -petrov0908.html, accesat la data de 15 ianuarie 2010 (The poet’s last abode: the life and death of Nikolay Klyuev).Shentalinskii, Vitalii. Voskesshee slovo. În: Novy Mir, 1995, No. 3, http://magazines.russ.ru/novyi_mi/ – 1995/ 3/ shental-pr., accesat la 15 ianuarie 2010 (The resurrested word).
• Sukhomlinskii, N.N. Staroobryadcheskiy mif v russkoy kulture „serebryannogo veka”. În: Staroobryadcestvo Ukrainy i Rossii: proshloe i sovremennost’, Materialy II Vseukrainskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, 1-3.10.2004, Kiev, http://portal-credo.ru/site/index. -php? act=lib&id=1547, accesat la data de 15 ianuarie 2010 (The Christian Orthodox Old-Believers myth. In:Christian Orthodox Old-Believers in Ukraine and Russia: past and present).
• Sventsitskii, Valentin. Kliuev N., Bratskie pesni, M.,1912, p. III-XIV, http://kluev.org.ua/critics/ – svenc.htm, accesat la data de 15 ianuarie 2010 (Nikolay Klyuev’s Bratskie pesni).

Masks of Pessoa’s Legitimating Discourse

Through his writings, either theoretical, programmatic or essays, the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa, appears as twice an anarchist: both a heteronymic and an orthonymic one. In this study, we shall analyse the cultural legitimating strategies that Pessoa, under Álvaro de Campos’s mask but also as himself, builds, thus contributing to the definition and refinement of modernist critical awareness within which scepticism will convert to stronger
reactions, futuristic visions, messianic-apocalyptic tones, becoming more complicated in the subtle architectures of irony and Dadaist palinodic cynicism, leading the European spirit into a deep reform. The current research wishes to be a contextualised analysis, of a comparative type, illustrating the tensions of the European avant-garde paradigm, forms of legitimating in the field of national and universal culture, as they appear in the theories, essays and practice of Pessoa’s arguments.
Keywords: heteronymous, cultural anarchism, irony, modernist critical awareness, cultural legitimacy, european spirit

• Pessoa – Une Photobiographie, Maria José de Lancastre, Christian Bourgois Éditeur, 1990.

Literary Space and the Tradition of Dystopic Discourse

This essay discusses some aspects connected to the profound relationship established between contemporary novel and various forms of spatial representations especially as far as Margaret Atwood’s book Oryx and Crake is concerned. Some sort of cunning experiment becomes more and more obvious within the recent creations of Atwood, whose books (especially the above-mentioned novel) is, at some level of interpretation, an excellent
dystopia implying both the images of chaotic urban culture and its own literary tradition, whereas it also fully embodies an exquisite interpretation of the metaphoric significance of a different kind of „brave new world”, placed under the sign of literary atmosphere. The same may be more or less true as far as some other contemporary novels are concerned, but Atwood excellently uses the significance of an entire literary tradition, proving the
validity of a widely quoted essay of Philip Roth, who expressed contemporary novelists’ sense of being intimidatedby the extravagance of a reality that outdistances their wildest fantasies.
Keywords: contemporary novel, dystopic discourse, literary tradition, aesthetic experiment, imaginary worlds

• Margaret Atwood, Oryx şi Crake. Traducere, note şi prefaţă de Florin Irimia, Editura Leda, Bucureşti, 2008.
• Margaret Atwood, “Writing Oryx and Crake”, inWriting with Intent. Essays, Reviews, Personal Prose 1983 –2005, Carroll and Graff, New York, 2005.
• Dan Cristea, Versiune şi subversiune. Paradoxul autobiografiei/Version and subversion. The paradox of autobiography, Editura Cartea Românească, Bucureşti, 1998.
• Mircea Eliade, Mitul eternei reîntoarceri/The myth of eternal return. Traducere de Maria şi Cezar Ivănescu, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, Bucureşti, 1999.
• Mariana Neţ, O poetică a atmosferei/Poetics of space, Editura Univers, Bucureşti,1989.
• Ion Vlad, Romanul universurilor crepusculare/The novel of crepuscular universes, Editura Eikon, Cluj-Napoca,2004.

The Byzantine Emperors and the Doges of Venice
(1081-1204)

This essay wants to present how tensioned the relations between the Byzantine empire and Venice were through the passing of time, mostly in the 11-th and in the 12-th centuries. We can say that the connections between those two parties were always determined by the political situation or by the economic or commercial interests existing at that moment of being. With the passing of time the citadel from the Lagoon will gain its emancipation, and from a vassal of the Byzantine empire will become a political equal partner of Constantinople. The Venetians followed their economic, commercial and political purposes. The Byzantines need to have a strong fleet as their allies, and this made the Eastern empire to offer Venice enormous comercial advantages.The Venetians were treacherous and were able to do everything to assure their economic privileges. The internal crisis which overwhelmed Byzantium at the end of the 12-th century was very skilfully speculated by Venice. The treaties signed by Venice with the Byzantine empire(1082, 1147, 1184, 1187, 1197) showed the enormous influence the tradesmen from the Adriatic Sea had on the internal markets of the Byzantine empire. Practically the Byzantine economy was subjected to the Venetian monopoly. The Venetian tradesmen and merchants dominated the Byzantine markets and, to assure this domination, they had to speculate the events at the beginning of the XIIIth century. The Republic from the Lagoon was the main factor in leading the fourth crusade to Constantinople and to its conquering.
Keywords: Byzantium, Venice, merchants, tradesmen, civil war, Constantinople, treaties, Enrico Dandolo, Manuel Comnenos, Isaac II

• Anna, Comnena, Alexiada, Bucureşti, 1977.Kinnamos, Jean, Chronique/Chronicle, tr. J.
  Rosenblum, Paris, 1972.
• Niketas, Choniates, Historia, ed. J. Dieten, Berlin,1975.
• William, de Apulia, La geste de Robert Guiscard/The Gesta of Robert Guiscard, tr. Marguerite Mathieu,Palermo, 1961.

Special Works

• Ahrweiler, Hélène, Byzance et la mer/Byzantium and the sea, Paris, 1966.
• Brezeanu, Stelian, O istorie a Bizanţului/A history of Byzantium, Bucureşti, 2004.
• Chalandon, Ferdinand, Les Comnène/The Comnenes,II., Paris, 1971.
• Lazzarini, V., I titoli dei dogi di Venezia/The titles of the Venetian doges, în: Nuovo Archivio Veneto, n.s., V/2, 1903.
• Lilie, Ralph Johannes, Handel und Politik zwischen dem byzantinischen Reich und den italienischen Kommunen Venedig, Pisa und Genua in der Epoche der Komnenen und der Angeloi (1081-1204)/Commerce and politics between the Byzantine Empire and the Italian communes Venice, Pisa and Genoa in the age of Komnenian and Angelo (1081-1204), Amsterdam, 1984.
• Martin, M., The Venetians in the Byzantine Empire before 1204, p.214 în : Byzantium and the West c. 850-1200,Amsterdam, 1988.
• Nicol, Donald, Byzantium and Venice, Cambridge,1988.
• Thiriet, Freddy, La Romanie venetienne au Moyen Age/The Venetian Romania during the Middle Ages, Paris,1975.

The configuration of the educational process in Călimăneşti between 1965-1985. Considerations

The object of this study is represented by the corpus of propagandistic literature serving the interests of the Communist Party. More precisely, the author is interested in the general methods of politicization of the literature taught in school, with a case study regarding the social pedagogy in Călimăneşti in the first years of the 1970s.
Analyzing the official school curricula and the contents of the children magazines such as „Cutezătorii” and „Minitehnicus”, the author oberves the hyper-technicist and anti-humanist tendencies of education, oriented towards the creation of the „new man”.
Keywords: Romanian communism, communist propaganda, communist education, Communist school curricula, Communist children magazines.

• Arhivele Naţionale ale României, Direcţia Judeţeană Vâlcea / Romanian National Archives, Vâlcea County Direction, Fond PCR Călimăneşti, 1965-1985.
• Arsenie 1964; Arsenie Nicolae, Agricultorii –mecanizatori bine pregătiţi. Raid prin şcolile profesionale de mecanici agricoli din regiunea Dobrogea /Agriculturists– well trained mechanizers. Raid through the professional schools of agricultural mechanics from the Dobrogea area, în „Scânteia Tineretului”, nr. 4606 din 8 martie 1964.
• Arsenie, 1964; Arsenie Nicolae, La şcoala şantierului.Raidul nostru / At the school of the building yard. Our raid, în „Scânteia tineretului”, nr. 4837 din 1964.
• Bazac, 1981; Dumitru Bazac, Idealul de viaţă al adolescentului / The adolescent’s life ideal, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1983.
• Băieţelu, Bâsceanu, Matin, Mocanu, Năstăsescu, Otu,Prodan, Rotaru, 1984; Vasile Băieţelu, Dumitru Bâsceanu,George Marin, Vaile Mocanu, Victor Năstăsescu, Petre Otu, Costică Prodan, Jipa Rotaru, Pregătirea tineretului pentru apărarea patriei / The preparation of the youth for defending the fatherland, Editura Militară, Bucureşti, 1984.
• Bunescu, Mircescu, 1978; Coord. Vasile Bunescu,Mihai Mircescu, Pionierii şi progresul tehnico-ştiinţific contemporan / Pioneers and contemporary technicalscientificprogress, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1978.
• Kideckel, 2006; David Kideckel, Colectivism şi singurătate în satele româneşti / Collectivism and loneliness in Romnian vilages, Polirom, Iaşi, 2006.
• Konstantinov, Şabaeva, 1959; N.A. Konstantinov, M.F.Şabaeva, Istoria pedagogiei / History of pedagogy, Editura de Stat Didactică şi Pedagogică, Bucureşti, 1959.
• Iancu, 1982; Mihai Iancu, Elevi, să ne cunoaştem patria!/ Pupils, let’s meet our fatherland!, E.D.P., Bucureşti, 1982.
• Manolescu, 2007; Ion Manolescu, Epoca de aur.Propaganda comunistă în şcoala primară. Clişeele manualelor (I) / The golden age. Communist propagandain elementary school. Handbooks clichés, în „ObservatorCultural” din 22.10. 2007.
• Niţă, 1969; Petre Niţă, Treptele tinereţii / Stages of youth, Editura Politică, Bucureşti, 1969.
• ***, Bibliografie pedagogică / Pedagogical bibliography, 1969; Bibliografie pedagogică / Pedagogical bibliography 1963-1964, Institutul de Ştiinţe Pedagogice, Bucureşti, 1969.

Romania’s position in the new context of the E.U.

After the european integration of Romania and Bulgaria starting with 2007 the importance of the European neighborhood policy and the European common security policy is growing much more for both countries. In the Romanian case it is very important to have better relations with its eastern neighbors, Moldavia and Ucraine. Not further than less the consolidation of the European frontiers with those 2 countries need to grow, because certain threats like drug traffic, human being traffic or weapon trafiic growed very much in the last decade. Romania accepted its role inside the European Union, but it needs to consolidate its attitude in this matter and it has to make more efforts to eradicate the problem of coruption inside the system and to fight in a more efficient way against all the problems listed below.
Keywords: Romania, European Union, security strategy, political and military crisis, European neighborhood policy

• Bădălan, Eugen; Frunzeti, Teodor, Forţe şi tendinţe în mediul de securitate european/Forces and tendences in the european security enviroment, Editura Acdemiei Forţelor Terestre, Sibiu, 2005.
• Bidu, Ioan; Troncotă, Cristian, Coordonate de securitate/ Security coordinates, Editura A.N.I., Bucureşti, 2005.
• Brzezinski, Zbigniew, Europa Centrală şi de Est în ciclonul tranziţiei/Soviet Bloc. Unity of conflict, Editura Diogene, Bucureşti, 1995.
• Dungaciu,Dan, Moldova ante porta/Moldavia ante portas, Ed. Tritonic, Bucureşti, 2006.
• Nicolaescu, Gheorghe, Gestionarea crizelor politicomilitare/ The management of political and military crisis, Ed. Top Form, Bucureşti, 2003.
• Onişor, Constantin; Frunzăverde, Sorin, Arta strategică a securităţii şi integrării europene/Strategical art of security and European integration, Editura A’92, Bucureşti, 2003.
• Petrescu, Stan, Mediul de securitate global şi euroatlantic/ Global and euroatlantic security environment, Editura Militară, Bucureşti, 2005.

On-line Sources

• www.cadranpolitic.ro
• www.evz.ro
• www.moldovasuverană.md
• www.osce.com
• www.ziua.ro

Documents and strategies

• Strategia securităţii naţionale a României/Romania’s national security strategy, Bucureşti, 2006.

“The agressive proffesionist”

Angela Marinescu is one of the most powerful lyrical voices of Romanian feminine literature. At her respectable certain age, she can afford to look back and reconsider poetry from a diacronic point of view, which gives the advantage of self-correcting and criticizing the main weakness, namely the former temptation of experimentalism, peculiar to young poets. The desire of being shocking rather than authentic was an undeniable flaw, but now Angela Marinescu is prepared to be unrelentless to all kinds of “–isms” and change her discourse
through a radical perspective. Her task is to eradicate the burden of artificial devices that have stiffled true poetry. She conceives her poetic ego as an insurgent who would set a purifying fire to all that has been fake. Language as an organic entity is thus revitalized even by violent techniques of resuscitation, so that subjectivity should be unleashed and restored to its high, incendiary temperature named passion. Angela Marinescu proves to have a necessary surgical skill in renewing the poetic paradigm, deep onto its paradoxical and complex basis.
Keywords: Poetic surgery vs. surgical poetry, sharp analysis, authenticity vs. experimentalism, real vs. fake subjectivity, poetry vs. pseudopoetry, polemic attitude, radical perspective, restoring liricism

• Marinescu, Angela. Probleme personale. / Personal problems, Bucureşti: Cartea Românească, 2009.
• Mincu, Marin. O panoramă critică a poeziei româneşti din secolul al XX-lea (De la Alexandru Macedonski la Cristian Popescu)./ A critical pnorama of XXth centruy Romanian Poetry (From Alexandru Macedon to Cristian Popescu), Constanţa: Pontica, 2007.

Nietzsche and apophaticism. Indecent proposal?

The article takes into consideration the radical and debatable option of the important contemporary Greek theologian Christos Yannaras for Friedrich Nietzsche’s anti-rationalist doctrine as an alternative to the modern (rationalist) nihilisms, which, as Yannaras believes, have evolved from the common trunk of early Western apophaticism. Nietzsche, though a critic of Christianity, openly favors the tragic and Dyonisiac experimentation of life’s reality; Yannaras finds this to be the solution to the extreme abstractization and conceptualization of the rationalist discourses on God – which have finally replaced God with Reason. Therefore, Yannaras thinks that the Nietzschean empiricism (more exactly, Heidegger’s intepretation of it) may prove beneficial for the contemporary Christian thought.
Keywords: apophaticism, apophatic theology, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Christos Yannaras

• Serghei Bulgakov, Lumina neînserată / Undusking light, Bucureşti, Editura Anastasia, 1999.
• Ronald F. Hathaway, Hierarchy and the definition of order in the letters of Pseudo-Dionysius. A study in the form and meaning of the Pseudo-Dionysian writings, The Hague, Nijhoff, 1969
  [1970].
• Basarab Nicolescu, Teoreme poetice / Poetic Theorems, Iaşi,Editura Junimea, 2007.
  Eric Perl, Theophany: The Neoplatonic Philosophy of Dionysius the Areopagite, Albany, SUNY Press, 2007.
• Paul Rorem, Pseudo-Dionysius: A Commentary on the Texts and an Introduction to Their Influence, New York, Oxford University Press, 1993.
• Christos Yannaras, Abecedar al credinţei – Introducere în teologia ortodoxă / Handbook of faith – introduction in Orthodox theology, Bucureşti, Editura Bizantină, 1996.
• Christos Yannaras, Heidegger şi Areopagitul / Heidegger and the Areopagite, Bucureşti, Editura Anastasia, 2009.

Constanţa Buzea The glacier’s crown. Diary (1969-1971)

The glacier’s crown, Constanţa Buzea’s diary from the years 1969-1971, is a volume full of intimate indiscretions, probably with enough revanchist outbursts, written by a poet renowned for her discretion in everyday life. The central figure of the diary is Adrian Păunescu, her former husband, caught in all sorts of love entanglements and professional intrigues, tyrannizing his life partner at every opportunity. Her triple hypostasis, respectively of wife, mother and poet, contributes to the composition of a diary alternating the gray tones of marital episodes with moments of maternal delight and poetic illumination.
Keywords: post-war Romanian poetry, Constanţa Buzea, Adrian Păunescu, diary, post-war communist context

• Buzea, Constanţa, Creştetul gheţarului. Jurnal (1969-1971)/The glacier’s crown. Diary (1969-1971), Humanitas, Bucureşti , 2009.

The Monument in the Cemetery of Heroes.
Realization and symbolism

The following article presents the intentions and details of technical elaboration and realization of an urban monumental work of art, as understood from the point of view of its author. The work has been created at the public authorities’ demand in order to guard symbolically the Cemetery of Heroes, and the sculptor explains its inherent symbolism.
Keywords: contemporary Romanian art, urban sculpture, urban monuments, Monument in the Cemetery of Heroes, Sibiu.

• Sigerus, Emil. Chronik der Stadt Hermannstadt 1100-1929, ediţia în limba română /
  Sigerus, Emil. Chronicle of the city of Sibiu 1100-1929, Romanian edition, Ed. Imago, Sibiu, 1997.