Maiorescu’s aesthetic concept and the theory of the „poporan“ („people-oriented“) novel

Titu Maiorescu played a decissive and determining role in the development of literature and literary thinking, a role which cannot be denied, as one cannot deny or minimize the significance of any founder. His aesthetic ideas have not remained in the field of abstract speculations, as they have influenced and shaped the artistic conscience of numerous writers. The present study aims to be a reconstruction of Maiorescu’s aesthetic ideology, comprising also one of the first poetics of the novel in Romanian literature. The theory of the „poporan“ („people-oriented“).novel has a special importance in the history of the theoretical development of the hereby discussed literary genre, despite the fact that it has been severely and rightfully contested. Even though the poetics of the novel has not evolved in the direction indicated by the critic, Maiorescu’s critical and theoretical attitude has had an essential contribution to the generation and designing of one of the most ample and intense debates in the history of Romanian literature.
Keywords: Romanian literature, Titu Maiorescu, aeshetics, poetics of the novel, „poporan“ („people-oriented“) novel

• A. Calafeteanu, Conceptul estetic şi critic maiorescian / Maiorescu’s aesthetic and critic concept, Bucureşti, Editura Romfel, 1996.
• G. Călinescu, Opere. Publicistică, III (1936-1938) / Works. Articles, III (1936-1938), Academia Română, Fundaţia Naţională pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă, 2007.
• Ovidiu Cotruş, Titu Maiorescu şi cultura română / Titu Maiorescu and Romanian culture, Piteşti, Editura Paralela 45, 2000.
• Alexandru Dobrescu, Introducere în opera lui Titu Maiorescu / Introduction in Titu Maiorescu’s works, Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1988.
• Simion Ghiţă, Titu Maiorescu şi filosofia europeană / Titu Maiorescu and European philosophy, Galaţi, Editura Porto-Franco, 1995.
• E. Lovinescu, T. Maiorescu, Bucureşti, Editura Minerva,1972.
• Titu Maiorescu, Critice / Critics, Bucureşti, Ediutura Minerva, 1989.
• Alexandru Paleologu, Spiritul şi litera / The spirit and the letter, Bucureşti, Cartea românească, 2007.
• Nicolae Manolescu, Contradicţia lui Maiorescu / Maiorescu’s contradiction, Bucureşti, Editura Cartea Românească, 1970.
• Licu Pop, Ideile estetice ale lui Titu Maiorescu / Titu Maiorescu’s aesthetic ideas, Sibiu, Institutul de arte grafice „Dacia traiană”, S.A., 1942.
• Liviu Rusu, Scrieri despre Titu Maiorescu / Writings about Titu Maiorescu, Bucureşti, Editura Cartea românească, 1979.
• Vladimir Streinu, Clasicii noştri / Our classics, Bucureşti, Editura tineretului, 1969.
• Tudor Vianu, Studii de literatura română / Studies of Romanian literature, Bucureşti, Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică.
• Virgil Vintilescu, Polemica Maiorescu – Gherea / The Maiorescu- Gherea polemics, Timişoara, Editura Facla, 1980.
• Petru Ursache, T. Maiorescu esteticianul. Studiu hermeneutic / T.Maiorescu, the aesthetician. A hermeneutical study, Iaşi, Editura Junimea, 1987.

Barbu Delavrancea between the modernization of society and the modernity of literature

The study observes the interesting contradictions illustrated by Barbu Ştefănescu-Delavrancea’s conception of literature, almost paradigmatic for the contradictions identifiable in the thinking of Romanian writers from the end of the XIXth century and the beginning of the XXth. Thus, the stuy focuses on Delavrancea’s reception speech for the Romanian Academy, regarding the aeshetics of the folkloric poetry. This speech clearly shows the limits of Delavrancea’s contradictory thinking – on the one hand, he understood the necessity of modernization in what concerned Romanian society; on the other hand, he could not accept what he called decadent and unhealthy contemporary poetry, claiming that folkloric poetry represents the unique poetic model.
Keywords: Romanian literature, great classics, Barbu Ştefănescu-Delavrancea,

• Dicţionarul General al Literaturii Române (C-D) / General Dictionary of Romanian Literature (C-D), Bucureşti, ed. Univers Enciclopedic, 2005
• Paul Cornea, Regula jocului / The rule of the game, Bucureşti, Ed. Eminescu, 1980
• Mircea Martin, G. Călinescu şi „complexele” literaturii române / G. Călinescu and the „complexes“ of Romanian literature, Bucureşti, Ed. Albatros, 1981
• Barbu Ştefănescu-Delavrancea, Estetica poeziei populare / The aesthetics of folkloric poetry, in Opere / Works, vol V, Bucureşti, 1969.

Signs of the sacred in Eminescu’s theatrical projects

In the article entitled „Signs of the sacred in Eminescu’s theatrical projects” Daniel Paneş analyzes the most significant patterns and structures of the sacred as identified in three of Eminescu’s theatrical projects – „Decebal” (1873), „Bogdan-Dragoş: Decebal’s horn” (1879) and „Alexandru Lăpuşneanu” (1880). In what regards the main understading of the concept of the sacred, the study is founded on Rudolf Otto’s authoritative study „The Sacred”; in what concerns the imagological point of view, it observes mainly Jean-Jacques Wunenburger’s influential study, „The philosophy of images”.
Keywords: Romanian literature, great classics, Mihai Eminescu, Romantic plays, sacred

• Călinescu, G. Istoria literaturii române de la origini până în prezent / The history of Romanian literature from its origins to present day, Fundaţia regală pentru literatură şi artă, Bucureşti, 1941, ediţie facsimil, Ed. Semne, Bucureşti, 2003
• Călinescu, G. Opere XII, Opera lui Mihai Eminescu (1) / Works, XII. Mihai Eminescu’s Works (1), Editura pentru Literatură, Bucureşti, 1969
• Călinescu, G. Opere XIII, Opera lui Mihai Eminescu (2) / Works, XIII. Mihai Eminescu’s Works (2), Editura Minerva, 1970
• Chevalier, Jean şi Gheerbrant, Alain. Dicţionar de simboluri / Dictionary of Symbols, vol. 1 (A-D), vol 2 (EO), Editura Artemis, Bucureşti, 1994-1995 Costache, Iulian. Eminescu. Negocierea unei imagini / Eminescu. The negotiation of an image, Editura Cartea
  Românească, 2008
• Durand, Gilbert. Aventurile imaginii. Imaginaţia simbolică. Imaginarul. / The adventures of the image. Symbolic imagination. The imaginaire, Ed. Nemira, Bucureşti, 1999
• Eliade, Mircea. Sacrul şi profanul / The sacred and the profane, Ed. Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2007
• Eminescu, M. Opere IV. Teatru / Works IV. The plays. Crit. ed. by Aurelia Rusu, introd. study by George Munteanu, Editura Minerva, Bucureşti, 1978;
• Evseev, Ivan. Dicţionar de simboluri şi arhetipuri culturale / Dictionary of symbols and cultural archaetypes, Ed. Amarcord, Timişoara, 1994;
• Jung, C. G. Imaginea omului şi imaginea lui Dumnezeu / The image of the man and the image of God, Ed. Teora,Bucureşti, 1997
• Murăraşu, D. Mihai Eminescu. Viaţa şi opera / Mihai Eminescu. Life and work, Ed. Eminescu, Bucureşti, 1983
• Nietzsche, Friedrich. Opere complete / Complete works, II, Ed. Hestia, Timişoara, 1998
• Otto, Rudolf. Sacrul / The sacred, Cluj-Napoca,Editura Dacia, 1996
• Perpesicius. Eminesciana, Editura Junimea, Iaşi,1983
• Petrescu, Ioana Em. Eminescu. Modele cosmologice şi viziune poetică / Eminescu. Cosmological models and poetic vision, Editura Minerva, Bucureşti, 1978
• Wunenburger, Jean-Jacques. Filosofia imaginilor / Thephilosophy of images, Polirom, Iaşi, 2004

How Ioana Em. Petrescu read.
The polemics between Ioana Em. Petrescu and Rosa del Conte

This paper intends to debate upon the polemics between Ioana Em. Petrescu and Rosa del Conte that took place in 1980. The new hermeneutical perspectives proposed by Ioana Em. Petrescu in Eminescu. Cosmological models and poetic vision are considered by Rosa del Conte to be defiant against her own literary ideas presented in Eminescu or about the absolute. The author of the present study makes use of the annotations made by Ioan Em. Petrescu on the books from her personal library, identifying thus significant new information regarding the rather unclear debate between the professor from Cluj and Rosa del Conte.
Keywords: Romanian literature, eminescology, Ioana Em. Petrescu, Rosa del Conte, polemics

1. Studii / Studies:

• a) BUŞULENGA-DUMITRESCU, Zoe, Renaşterea.Umanismul şi dialogul artelor / The Renaissance. The Humanism and the dialogue of arts, Bucureşti, Editura Albatros, 1971.
• b) CALLOIS, Roger, Eseuri despre imaginaţie / Essays about imagination, Bucureşti, Editura Univers, 1975.
• c) CESEREANU, Domiţian, Interviu cu Rosa del Conte / Interview with Rosa del Conte, traducere de Marian Papahagi, în revista Tribuna, anul XXIV, nr. 12, iunie, 1980.
• d) CIORAN, Emil, Lacrimi şi sfinţi / Tears and saints, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2004.
• e) CORNEA, Paul, Din corespondenţa Ioanei Em. Petrescu cu Paul Cornea / From the correspondence between Ioana Em. Petrescu and Paul Cornea, dosar nr. 4, litera C, nr. 2 (fondul de carte,,Popovici-Petrescu”, Cluj-Napoca).
• f) ELIOT, T. S., Patru cvartete / Four quartets, traducere de Sorin Mărculescu, Bucureşti, Editura Univers, 1971.
• g) PETRESCU, Em. Ioana, Dreptul la replică. O lămurire / The right to rejoin. An explanation, în Inedite eminesciene / Eminescian novelties, în curs de apariţie la Editura Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, Cluj-Napoca.
• h) PETRESCU, Em. Ioana, Jurnal / Journal (1959-1990), ediţie îngrijită de Rozalia Borcilă şi Elena Neagoe, cuvânt îaninte de Elena Neagoe, posfaţă de Carmen Muşat, Piteşti,
  Editura Paralela 45, 2004.
• i) PETRESCU, Liviu, Poetica postmodernismului / The poetics of postmodernism, ediţia a II-a, Pitesti, Editura Paralela 45, 1998.
• j) SAVU, Dumitru Tudor, Eminescu-necesitate spirituală a culturii româneşti, / Eminescu-a spiritual necessity of the Roumanian culture, interviu cu Ioana Em. Petrescu, în revista Tribuna, nr. 24, 15 iunie, 1989.

2. Adnotări de Ioana Em. Petrescu în / Annotations by Ioana Em. Petrescu in:

• a) BUŞULENGA-DUMITRESCU, Zoe, Renaşterea.Umanismul şi dialogul artelor / The Renaissance. The Humanism and the dialogue of arts, Bucureşti, Editura Albatros, 1971.
• b) CALLOIS, Roger, Eseuri despre imaginaţie / Essays about imagination, Bucureşti, Editura Univers, 1975.
• c) ELIOT, T. S., An introduction. Northrop Frye, The University of Chicago Press, 1963 (Phoenix edition 1981).
• d) ELIOT, T. S., Patru cvartete / Four quartets, traducere de Sorin Mărculescu, Bucureşti, Editura Univers, 1971.
• e) MAUPASSANT, Guy de, Bulgăre de seu / Boule de suif, Bucureşti, Editura de Stat pentru Literatură şi Artă, 1960.
• f) RIMBAUD, Arthur, Poezii / Poems, Bucureşti, Editura Tineretului, 1961.

Young Lovinescu.
A critic with a few ideas, but without a system

Young Lovinescu. A critic with a few ideas, but without a system presents a new point of view about the best regarded ”critical system” in Romanian culture. After delineating a few incongruities, the present study argues that Lovinescu did not actually change in spite of his confession. The amount of work submitted to his interpreters directed them to a evolutive reading pattern, whereas the real key of his conception is the permanent stasis and stagnation. In his criticism the psychological insight has the last word in the process of interpretation. Lovinescu mingles in the well-known „aesthetic mutation” formula a great amount of psychological understanding which corrupts the system from the inside.
Keywords: „aesthetic mutation”, theory of forms without content, imitation, synchronism, modernism, art for
art’s sake, art with a tendency, personality, temper, will

• E. Lovinescu interpretat de… / E. Lovinescu revisited by…,an anthology edited with an introductory study by Florin Mihăilescu, Bucharest: Eminescu Publishers, 1973.
• Lovinescu, E., Istoria literaturii române contemporane / History of Contemporary Romanian Literature, Bucharest: Minerva Publishers, 1981.
• Idem, Istoria civilizaţiei române moderne / The History of Romanian Modern Civilization, edited, forworded, and annotated by Z. Ornea, Bucharest: Editura Ştiinţifică,1972.
• Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Constantin, Studii critice / Critical Studies, Bucharest: Editura pentru literatură, 1967.
• Ibrăileanu, G., Spiritul critic în cultura românească / The Critical Spirit in Romanian Culture, Iaşi: “Viaţa Românească” Publishers, 1909.
• Maiorescu, Titu, Critice / Critical Works, edited by D. Vatamaniuc, Bucureşti: Editura Fundaţiei Naţionale pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă, 2005.
• Rădulescu-Motru, Constantin, Scrieri politice / Political Writings, an anthology edited with an introductory study by Cristian Preda, Bucureşti: Nemira Publishers, 1998.

Again about the atraction of the opposites

The study aims at an identification of the subtle connection and even connaturation between Mircea Eliade’s literary and scientific work. In his diaries, as well as in some conferences and studies, Eliade asserts a common origin of the literary and scientific obsessions, making often reference to similar observations of other remarkable scientists with artistic endowment, such as Newton or Einstein, for instance. The author therefore undertakes a
revisiting of the most authorized critical and theoretical opinions regarding Eliade’s literay work from this point of view of the „coincidence of the opposites“, of the coincidental sourcs and origin of Eliade’s literature and philosophy of religions.
Keywords: Mircea Eliade, fantastic prose, mythical and esoterical sources, common sources of literature and science

• Sorin Alexandrescu, Privind înapoi, modernitatea / Watching back, modernity, Bucureşti, Editura Univers, 1999.
• Nicolae Balotă, Un hermeneut al secolului XX / A hermeneut of the XXth century, in Euphorion, Bucureşti, Cartea Românească, 1999.
• Corin Braga, 10 studii de arhetipologie / 10 studies of archaetypology, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 2007.
• Mircea Eliade, Jurnal / Diary, vol. I, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 1993.
• Mircea Eliade, Jurnal / Diary, vol. II, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 1993.
• Mircea Eliade, Nostalgia originilor / The nostalgy of origins, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 1994.
• Mircea Eliade, Fragment autobiografic / Autobiographical fagment, in Caete de dor. Metafizică şi poezie, vol. III, nr. 7/ iulie 1953 şi nr. 8/1954, Bucureşti,Editura “Jurnalul literar”, 2003.
• Adrian Marino, Hermeneutica lui Mircea Eliade / The hermeneutics of Mirca Eliade, Cluj Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1980.
• Eugen Simion, Mircea Eliade, spirit al amplitudinii / Mircea Eliade, spirit of amplitude, Editura Demiurg, 1995.

The Dusk of Thoughts – an Abbreviated Radiogram

In „The Dusk of Thoughts”, Cioran’s last finished Romanian book, the reader finds a Cioran wandering through various French landscapes, the perception of which is then turned into a pretext for the typical Cioranian reflections on existence and its meaning/meaninglessness. The fragments and aphorisms contained in the book are neither properly philosophical nor properly poetical, but somewhere in-between. The prevailing mood could be characterized as Symbolist due to the resemblance to the melancholy exhibited by the poets belonging to the latter half of the nineteenth century French literary movement of that name.
Keywords: Symbolism, Cioran, dusk, nature, sea, Nietzsche, landscape

•  Emil Cioran, Amurgul gândurilor / The Dusk of Thoughts, Editura Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2001

Pupa russa. Reinventing the Romanian novel

The novelist Gheorghe Crăciun has the ability of combining, in his novel Pupa russa, as in a puzzle or in a chess game, various narative details, so different in style, so that we tend to speak about a real postmodern ars combinatoria, which can transform itself into a model of artistry of the novel, if not has already done it, under our eyes, while reading. The specifics of his novels, analyzed at its real value, could start over the discussion about the meaning of
the literary text, about narrative complexity, and types of readers.
Keywords: contemporay Romanian prose, Gheorghe Crăciun, generation ‘80,postmodernism, textualism

• Arghezi, Tudor, Cimitirul Buna-Vestire/ The „Buna-Vestire“ Cemetery, ediţie îngrijită, prefaţă şi curriculum vitaede Mitzura Arghezi, Bucureşti, Editura 100+1 Gramar,1997.
• Borges, Jorge Luis, Frumuseţea ca senzaţie fizică/ The Beauty as a Physical Sensation, Bucureşti, Editura Paideia,1998.
• Cărtărescu, Mircea, Postmodernismul românesc/ The Romanian Postmodernism, postfaţă de Paul Cornea, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 1999.
• Idem, Jurnal I./ Diary I. 1990-1996, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2007.
• Cioran, E.M., Eseuri/ Essays, antologie, traducere şicuvânt înainte de Modest Morariu, Cartea Românească, 1988, p. 75.
• Crăciun, Gheorghe, Pupa Russa, roman, cu o pagină introductivă de Horia Mircea Simionescu, Bucureşti, Humanitas, 2004.
• Idem, Frumoasa fără corp/ The Beauty without Body, ediţia a II-a revăzută, însoţită de un dosar de receptare critică, prefaţă de Carmen Muşat, Bucureşti, Grupul Editorial Art,2007.
• Eco, Umberto, Kant şi ornitorincul/ Kant and the Platypus, traducere de Ştefania Mincu, Constanţa, Editura Pontica, 2002.
• Llosa, Mario Vargas, Scrisori către un tânăr romancier / Letters to a Young Novelist, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2003.
• Manolescu, Nicolae, Cititul şi scrisul/ Reading and Writing, Iaşi, Editura Polirom, seria Ecografii, 2002.
• Mihăieş, Mircea, Cărţile crude. Jurnalul intim şi sinuciderea / Raw books. The Intimate Diary and the Suicide, Timişoara, Editura „Amarcord”, 1995.
• Müller, Herta, Regele se-nclină şi ucide/ The King bends and
  kills, traducere şi note de Alexandru Al. Şahighian, Iaşi,
  Editura Polirom, 2005.
• Simionescu, Mircea Horia, Literatură dus-întors/ The twoway Literature, Târgovişte, Editura Bibliotheca, 2005.

The subject of Romanian feminine diaries. The rejection of biographism and the machism of the critics 

The subject of the present work is the Romanian feminine diaristics. Amongst the problems in discussion we count the reception of the diaries within the Romanian literary critique and the criticism towards women’s literature. Both the journal writing and the women’s literature have been skeptically received by the most important literary critics. This work is pleading for the entering of feminine diaristic literature in an extended literary canon. The pleading for feminine diaristics is sustained not only by a type of writing which would be specifically feminine, but mostly by a selection of those diaries, whose imaginary is relatively homogenous.
Keywords: diary, diaristics, women’s literature, femininity, feminine diaristic literature, canon, imaginary

• Boia, Lucian, Pentru o istorie a imaginarului / For a history of the imaginaire, Bucureşti: Humanitas, 2006
• Călinescu, G., Istoria literaturii române de la origini până în prezent / The history of Romanian literature from its origins to the present day, Bucureşti: Ed. Minerva, 1982
• Călinescu, G., Istoria literaturii române. Compendiu / The history of Romanian literature. Compendium, Bucureşti: Ed. pentru literatură, 1968
• Lovinescu, Eugen, Istoria literaturii române contemporane / The history of contemporary Romanian literature, vol I-III, Bucureşti: Ed. Minerva, 1981
• Lovinescu, Eugen, Aqua forte, Bucureşti: Ed. Minerva, 1998
• Manolescu, Nicolae, Istoria critică a literaturii române. 5 secole de literatură / The critical history of Romanian literature. 5 centuries of literature, Piteşti: Paralela 45, 2008
• Mihăieş, Mircea, De veghe în oglindă / The catcher in the
  mirror, Bucureşti: Cartea Românească, 1988 Idem, Cărţile crude. Jurnalul intim şi sinuciderea / The cruel books. Private diary and suicide, Iaşi: Polirom, 2006
• Negrici, Eugen, Expresivitatea involuntară / Involuntary expressivity, Bucureşti: Cartea Românească,1977
• Idem, False concepte: literatura feminină / False concepts: feminine literature, in Dilema veche, 12-18 mai 2006
• Idem, Iluziile literaturii române / The illusions of Romanian literature, Bucureşti: Cartea Românească, 2008
• Simion, Eugen, Ficţiunea jurnalului intim / The fiction of the private diary, I., II., III., Bucureşti: Ed. Univers enciclopedic, 2005
• Wunenburger, Jean-Jacques, Imaginarul / The imaginaire, Bucureşti: Editura Dacia, 2009
  Zaharia-Filipaş, Elena, Studii de literatură feminină / Studies of feminine literature, Bucureşti: Ed. Paideia, 2004

“Transylvania” revue, 1944-1946.
Documentary restores.

The official periodical publication of ASTRA Association, “Transylvania” revue, had become a scientific and cultural publication with national importance. The last stage of its publication, 1944-1946, was the most difficult because of political transformations appeared in the Romanian society after the Second World War. Unpublished archives documents founded in the Ministry of Propaganda fund demonstrate unusual efforts made by the leadership of ASTRA to ensure the publication of the revue, till 1946, when it was canceled. In the same time, those documents are the evidence of the political pressure made by the pro-soviet government in order to put under control the Association’s means of cultural propaganda. The backwardness and finally the refuse to approve all the revue applications demonstrate the arbitrary censorship witch was one instrument of the cultural renewal communist project.
Keywords: „Transylvania” revue, ASTRA Association, Ministry of Propaganda, preventive censorship, suspension, soviet agreement, cultural renewal communist project

• România, Arhivele Naţionale Istorice Centrale. Fond Ministerul Propagandei Naţionale, Presă Internă/ Romania, Central National History Archives, Ministry of Propaganda, Internal Press România, Arhivele Naţionale Istorice Centrale. Fond Ministerul Propagandei Naţionale, Personal / Romania, Central National History Archives, Ministry
  of Propaganda, Personal Antonescu, Nae, Reviste din Transilvania/ Revues of
  Transylvania, Oradea, Biblioteca Revistei Familia, 2001. Deac, Georgeta, Astra şi despărţământul Sibiu / ASTRA and the separate organization in Sibiu, Sibiu, Ed.
  Universităţii „Lucian Blaga”, 2004.
• Grecu, Victor V, (redactor), ASTRA 1861-1950. Asociaţiunea Transilvană pentru literature română şi cultura poporului roman, 125 de ani de la înfiinţare / Transylvanian
  Association for the Romanian literature and for the culture of the Romanian people, 125 years from the foundation, Sibiu, Ed. Academiei RSR, 1987.
• Hulea, Eugen, ASTRA, istoric, organizare, activitate, statute şi regulamente / ASTRA, history, organization, activity, statutes and rules, Sibiu, Ed. Astrei, 1944.
  Pamfil, Matei, Asociaţiunea Transilvană pentru literatura română şi cultura poporului român (ASTRA) şi rolul ei în cultura naţională (1861-1950) / Transylvanian Association for
  the Romanian literature and for the culture of the Romanian people(ASTRA) and its role in the national culture (1861-1950), Cluj, Ed. Dacia, 1986.
• Pamfil, Matei, Asociaţiunea în lumina documentelor (1861-1950). Noi contribuţii / Association through documents (1861-1950). New contributions, Sibiu, Ed. Universităţii
  „Lucian Blaga” Sibiu, 2005.
• Petcu, Marian, (coord.) Cenzura în spaţiul cultural românesc / Censorship in the Romania cultural space, Bucureşti, Ed. Comunicare.ro, 2005. Teodor, Mihaela, Reapariţia presei româneşti după 23 august 1944/ Reappearance of the Romanian press after August 23, 1944, în „Caietele Şcolii Doctorale”, Iaşi, Universitatea „Al. I. Cuza”, Facultatea de Istorie, nr. I/2007.

Teodor, Mihaela, Documente de arhivă privind
repartizarea hârtiei pentru ziarele politice în anul 1946/
Archives documents about the assessment of the newsprint for
political publications in 1946, comunicare susţinută la
Sesiunea Internaţională de comunicări ştiinţifice a
doctoranzilor, organizată în 24 octombrie 2009 de
Facultatea de Istorie, în cadrul Zilelor Universităţii „Al.
I. Cuza” Iaşi, 23-24 octombrie 2009.

„Gazeta de Transilvania“ – European Newspaper of XIX th Century

The first political newspaper of the Romanians in Transylvania entitled « Gazeta de Transilvania » appeared in the media background as a result of a law provided by the Court of Vienne in 1838, which allowed the inhabitants of the above mentioned principality, the right of publishing their own newspaper in their mother tongue. The existence of censorship, on the one hand, and the fact that the authorization has been offered to a Romanian citizen of German origin, (a certain Ioan Gött), on the other hand, can be regarded as sustainable reasons of assuring the Imperial Court that a newspaper written in Romanian could not have represented at that time a serious danger for the political authorities in the region. In those times characterized by the wake of the national consciousness, «Gazeta de Transilvania » contributed to the organization of some actions in view of gaining the religious and civil rights of the Romanians in Transylvania, the final aim being that of the unity of the Romanian national state. Identifying always the editorial formula which allowed it to survive in the media « Gazeta de Transilvania » is the oldest Romanian newspaper from Transylvania, addressing also to the inhabitants of both the Principalities of Romania and Moldavia, being in the same time a newspaper lasting for a century and belonging to the most prestigious archives of the Romanian media.
Keywords: Gazeta de Transilvania, George Bariţiu, media, editorial, predictions, Europe, immigration, scientific researches, social politics

• GAILLARD, Philippe, Technique du journalisme /Technics of journaism, Paris, PUF, 1989.
• MARICA, George Em., Studii de istoria şi sociologia culturii române ardelene din secolul al XIX-lea / Studies regarding the history and sociology of Transylvanian culture in XIXth century, vol. II, Cluj Napoca, Editura Dacia,1978.
• NETEA, Vasile, George Bariţiu. Viaţa şi activitatea sa / George Bariţiu. His life and activity, Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică, 1966.
• PETCU, Marian, Istoria presei române / History of Romanian press, Bucureşti, Editura Tritonic, 2002.
• POPA, Mircea, TAŞCU, Valentin, Istoria presei româneşti din Transilvania / History of Romanian press from Transylvania , Bucureşti, Editura Tritonic, 2003.

Somewhere salvation. Responding to Romanian poets

The purpose of the following paper is to provide examples of the author’s responses (in English) to several Romanian poets from the second half of the XXth century (read in English translation). The poets concerned are Marin Sorescu, Ioana Crăciunescu, Ioan Morar, Liviu Ioan Stoiciu, Ion Caraion, Nina Cassian, Mircea Dinescu and Elena Ştefoi. The author’s observations and speculations are mainly interested in the theory and practice of translation, with all its various forms (ranging from close translation to mistranslation, deliberate or otherwise.)
Keywords: contemporary Romanian poetry, translation, adaptation, variation, ‘poetry of response’

• Dredging the Delta (book of Macao poems and sketches)published in 2007 by Cinnamon Press (UK)on-line orders through http://www.cinnamonpress.com/titles-uk.htm
• After Meng Jiao: Responses to the Tang Poet published in 2008 by VAC (Chicago, IL)on-line orders through http://vacteam.com/ -books.htm

The Pessoan Plural Legitimation and the Spirit of European Synthesis

The study undertakes an analysis of the modern artist’s role within the European culture starting from articles and essays by Fernando Pessoa, the analyst and visionary. Thus, approaching modern literature as sociologic indicator, according to the Portuguese writer’s expression, a diverse topic regarding the legitimation of marginal European cultures unfolds, such as the one for which the creator of the heteronyms was renowned, a culture exceeding provincialism through the ambition of its works becoming canonical, through the spirit of the great syntheses, and the aspiration to the universal. The Pessoan strategy of transferring the particular values to the universal and cosmopolitan ideal is symptomatic, a strategy present in the heteronyms’ manifests, debates, and polemics occupying the Portuguese cultural scene, thus concealing the real identity of the director of this internalized dramatic show: „drama em gente, em vez de em actos” (Fernando Pessoa). After the incursion in the
theory of culture (through the semiotic model offered by Iuri Lotman), the present research focusses in matter of approach on the compartmentalization specific of the history of ideas (S. Fauchereau, M. Călinescu, Al. Muşina) and the hermeneutics of the subject (E. Lourenço, G. Vattimo)
Keywords: tradition, modernism, european synthesis, cultural legitimation, heteronym, orthonym

Self Retrieving in Theodore Roethke’s Poetry

This paper is based on the assumption that the characteristic feature of Theodore Roethke‘s poetry is his concern with retrieving his tormented self by learning to see the outer and inner worlds in depth. For further revealing the process of Roethke‘s surfacing his dark inner drives, so that he could control and understand them, Plato’s Idea of the Third Man, Bachelard’s poetics of elements and Jung’s archetypal patterns will be extensively employed.
Keywords: contemporary American poetry, Theodore Roethke, techniques and technologies of the self, poetics of elements, archetypal paterns.

• Cornea, Andrei, Ce facem cu al treilea om / What do we do with the third man, in Revista lunară de cultură a ideilor, ed. by Academia Caţavencu, anul V, numărul 4 (55), aprilie 2009
• Dumitru, Mircea Platon. Auto predicţie and Al Treilea Om / Self-prediction and The third man, in Revista lunară de cultură a ideilor, ed. by Academia Caţavencu, anul V, numărul 4 (55), aprilie 2009
• Jenijoy La Belle. The Echoing Wood of Theodore Roethke. Princeton University Press. 1976.Jung, Carl Gustav. Psychology and Alchemy, 2ed. (R. F. C. Hull, Trans) London: Routledge. 1968
• Nistor, Viorel. Gaston Bachelard – Despre o poetică a elementelor / Gaston Bachelard – About a poetics of elements , in Tribuna, anul VII, 16 – 31 mai 2008
• Rusu, Liviu. Estetica poeziei lirice / The aesthetics of lyrical poetry, Bucureşti. Editura pentru literatură. 1969. The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke. University of Washington Press. 1982.

Passing the night

We cannot situate Adela Greceanu’s book within the borders of a single genre and we can sustain that the book relies on the idea of an (im)possible boundary between her own experiences and the immediate realities. The first part of the book is a large conversation between a future bride and four relatives who try to make her ready for the wedding. The night is so long that it never finishes and the bride remembers her other love affairs that seem to be related to each other. There is no communication limit, the time is very flexible. There is even no limit between life and death. In the second part of the book, we find a diary of a young woman (the bride) trying to understand her own life. Attempting to go through the labyrinth of her own feelings, the bride becomes, actually, as in the Michel Butor’s Passing time, a sort of prisoner of her living space.
Keywords: contemporay Romanian literature, Adela Greceanu, mixture of genres

• Adela Greceanu, Mireasa cu şosete roşii / The redsocked bride, Editura Polirom, Iaşi, 2008.
• Michel Butor, Petrecerea timpului / Passing time, Editura Echinox, Cluj-Napoca,1996.
• Aglaja Veteranyi, De ce fierbe copilul în mămăligă / Why does the child boil in the polenta, Editura Polirom, Iaşi,2002.

Poetry between adversity and advertorials

Elena Vlădăreanu is considered to be a distinct voice of the “2000 generation” due to her relentless attitude against any kind of mystification. Thereby, she disapproves that particular discourse that lacks authenticity. Literature is no longer viewed as a mixing of textual devices, but as an organic entity, with a life of its own. Language enwraps the poetic message as natural as flesh and blood. The message is outspoken and aims to establish
a contact with the reader since both the poet and the public share the same reality, influenced to a great extent by media hype and coverage, fake icons, consumerism, statistics or pseudointimacy. That is why the text itself can not be separated from the context.
Keywords: contemporary Romanian literature, 2000 generation, authenticity, text and context, pseudointimacy, media hype, media coverage, ironic perspective

„Compromise” and „Moscow – Petushki”. An exercise of comparative ethylography

The present text represents a comparison between the works of two major contemporary Russian writers, Serghei Dovlatov and Venedikt Erofeev. Besides their numerous biographical resemblances (they were both expelled from the university because of their polemical and contemptuous attitude, drawn from a visceral anti-Communism, they were consequently forced to experience an extremely marginal and precarious life, they both died in 1990, etc.), they also shared another common self-destructive passion, which marked their literature to the very core – that is to say, their love-and-hate relationship with alcohol. The text aims at a schematic explanation of this passion’s biographical causes and literary effects.
Keywords: contemporary Russian literature, anti-Communist Russian writers, Serghei Dovlatov, Venedikt Erofeev, alcoholic suicide

• Matei Călinescu, Universitatea, viaţa literară, universitatea / The University, the Literary World, the University, in Matei Călinescu, Ion Vianu, Amintiri în dialog / Memories in Dialogue, Iaşi, Polirom, 1998.
• Serghei Dovlatov, Compromisul / The Compromise, Bucureşti, Humanitas, 2009.
  Venedikt Erofeev, Moscova – Petuşki / Moscow – Petushki, Chişinău, Cartier, 2004.
  Nadejda Mandelştam, Fără speranţă. Memorii. Cartea întâi / No Hope. Memoirs. First Book, Iaşi, Polirom, 2003.
• Nadejda Mandelştam, Speranţă abandonată. Memorii. Cartea a doua / Hope Abandoned. Memoirs. Second Book, Iaşi, Polirom, 2005.
• Andrei Oişteanu, Scriitorii români şi narcoticele / Romanian Writers and Drugs, I-VIII, in the Romanian cultural magazine 22, from no. 947 (29th of April, 2008) to no. 954 (17th of June, 2008).

Love in the prison’s visiting room.
Václav Havel, Letters to Olga

Letters to Olga, Václav Havel’s epistolary during his stay in prison from June 1979 to September 1982, offers a more complete image on the writer’s literary work and biography. The letters are an extremely eloquent document concerning the Czechoslovak communist regime, mostly because of what it is not told through them, but one may understand in-between their lines. Subject to successive verifications, always arriving with delays to the addressee, refused whenever the topics approached were not the approved ones, these letters give the imprisoned the illusion of freedom and of socialization with the people outside. We are therefore introduced to a profoundly humane Václav Havel, confronted with fears he tries to dissemble underneath the austere image of a homemaker, a lover
preoccupied by the well-being and the domestic comfort of his lady, developing a dissimulatory householder thoroughness and inciting sessions of intellect training and exploring of the self.
Keywords: Vaclav Havel, Olga Havlova, epistolary, anticommunism, communist prison.