About mythogenesis and the worlds of language in George Coşbuc’s poetry

Our study concerns the recent book „George Coşbuc: lumile limbajului”, published at “Lucian Blaga” University Publishing House of Sibiu in 2016, on the biography and literary work of this transilvanian writer. The author, Radu Dragulescu, offers an image synthesis, an analysis who combines data documentation (as evidenced is the multitude of cited sources) with identification and application of expressive means used by the poet. Trying to fit him into a category it appears pointless, because it is important, in the opinion of the author, to renounce to the clichés and to identify the profound substance of his literary work.

Keywords: language, poetry, culture, imageries.

Culianu, Ioan Petru, Studii româneşti II. Soarele şi Luna. Otrăvurile admiraţiei / Romanian Studies II. The Sun and the Moon. The Poisons of Admiration, Iaşi, Polirom, 2009.

Drăgulescu, Radu, George Coşbuc: lumile limbajului / George Cosbuc: the language worlds, Editura Universităţii Lucian Blaga, Sibiu, 2016

Ghinoiu, Ion, Zeii pastorali / Pastoral gods, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, Bucureşti, 2014.

Ghinoiu, Ion, Mitologie română / Romanian Mythology, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, Bucureşti, 2013.

Noica, Constantin, Istoricitate şi eternitate / Historicity and Eternity, Editura Capricorn, Bucureşti, 1989

Oişteanu, Andrei, Ordine şi Haos. Mit şi magie în cultura tradiţională românească / Order and Chaos. Myth and Magic in traditional Romanian culture, Iaşi, Polirom, 2004.

Stăniloae, Dumitru, Reflecţii despre spiritualitatea poporului român / Reflections on the spirituality of the Romanian people, Editura Scrisul Românesc, Craiova, 1992.

The book proposes a critical perspective on former Romanian armed anticomunism resistance, emphasizing the myths created around it, after the fall of comunism. The main issue approached in this work refer to the fact that only the anticomunism actions of certain persons are enough for them to be presented as heroes and models for the Romanian society ,ignoring their political commitment in the area of right-wing extermism and radicalism.

The first part of the book is structured in three chapters . The first chapter deals with the culture of mystification started in the comunsim period. It also prisents case studies of members of the Legionary Movment or former fascists of the German minority from Romania,who colaborated with the comunist political police,Securitate,after the second World War. In the second chapter ,the most important myths regarding the former armed anticomunism resistance with a right-wing extremist character are expalained . The last chapter describes the most important aspect related to the phenomenon of right-wing extremism and radicalism in Romania in post-comunism period.

The second part of the book reproduces the autobiography written by Ion gavrila Ogoranu for the Securitate , in 1976,in comparition with his memories published after 1989. In addition, it includes two other relevant documents from the archive of the National Concil for the Securitate Archives (CNSAS).

Though Ion Gavrila Ogoranu is a representative figure for the phenomenon of mystification , the book is not a monography about him. Through his public actions,his activity in a party with a legionary feature and his memoirs , Ogoranu has become a subject for the creation of legends ,myths and historical distortions , supported and promoted by some historians or publicists.

Thus, this work is an invitation to reflection and it urges towards a critical vision and careful analysis in approaching the recent past.

Keywords: right-wing extremism, legionary Movement, anticomunist resistance, myths, Ion Gavrila Ogoranu.

The memory walker

This article depicts the quest of identity of a Christian son in his Jewish father’s country, beyond all religious and social constraints and beyond all the risks of not finding what is to be found: the intimate resorts of parenthood. Forgetting his roots or assuming the role of the son whose Jewish identity is explained as part of his adoptive Christian father – this is the question Fottorino tries to answer in his autobiographical novel « Le marcheur de Fès » [The Traveler of Fes]. As a traveler from France to Morocco, both through his own conscience and towards an ancient city which hides not only a great history written in blood and sacrifice, but also greatness and patience, the hero is searching for the image of his father, his lost roots and memories.

Keynotes: identity, Moroccan Jews, Arabic World, taboo, autobiography

Expression and Symbol in the Process of Artistic Communication.

Both expression and symbol are instruments of the artistic form of communication or expression, or the typification of a universal content. The correct interpretation of a painting depends in a great degree on the understanding of the symbolic connotations reduced to compositional schemes/frameworks and conventions, which tend to equalize the way in which a certain idea should be rendered, expressed in concrete terms of perceptible sensorial and self-expression. Hence, the success of the work of art consists of the ordering the attention towards details and the later reintegration thereof in the work as a whole.

Keywords: expression, symbol, communication, abstract and compositional framework.

• Rudolf Arnheim, Arta şi percepţia vizuală , Ed. Meridiane, Bucureşti, 1979.
• Denis Diderot, Scrieri despre artă / Writings on Art, Ed. Meridiane, 1967, traducere de Gellu Naum.
• Paul Evdochimov, Arta icoanei, o teologie a frumuseţii / The Art of the Icon, a Theology of Beauty, Ed. Meridiane, Bucureşti, 1992.
• Anca Oroveanu, Teoria europeană a artei şi psihanaliza / The European Theory of Art and the Psychoanalysis, Ed. Meridiane, Bucureşti, 2000.
• Herbert Read, Semnificaţia artei / The Meaning of Art, Edit. Meridiane, Bucureşti 1969.
• Herbert Read, Semnificaţia artei, Ed. Meridiane, Bucureşti 1969.

The European project aiming at valorizing cultural plurality. The case of the LBUS Library in the Europeana Cloud

The LBUS Library is the only contributor of Romania in the Europeana Cloud project (2013-2015), participating with two digital collections that are illustrating the ethnic multicultural coexistence in the history of Sibiu. Culture has become a priority on the EU agenda when it was understood that the European integration depends mainly on the cultural integration and the national identity was considered to be the social cohesion vector by rediscovering the cultural and historical values, having the motto “unity in diversity”. This paper is an attempt to reflect the common past of the Romanians, Germans and Hungarians in Transylvania, in the 18th and 19th centuries, reflected in several works, included in the collection “Sibiu – Historical and multicultural coexistence”, the contribution of the LBUS to the Europeana Digital Library.

Keywords : Transylvania, multicultural coexistence, history of Sibiu, the Orthodox Church, cultural development, digital library, Europeana Cloud, European Union

1. Baritiu, George. Istori’a Transilvaniei. Pre doue sute de ani din urma / The History of Transylvania. Two Hundred Years Ago, Volumul 1. Sibiiu : Tipografia W. Krafft, 1889.
2. Contribuţiuni istorice privitoare la trecutul Românilor de pe pământul crăiesc / Historical Contributions Concerning the Romanians Past on Royal Land, Ilarion Puşcariu, Ioan de Preda, Lucian Borcia, Ioan Lupaş, Ion Mateiu, Silviu Dragomir. Sibiiu : Tiparul Tipografiei Arhidiecezane, 1913.
3. Hitchins, Keith. Cultură şi naţionalitate in Transilvania / Culture and Nationality in Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca : Editura Dacia, 1972.
4. Laurianu, August Treboniu. Istoria romanilor din timpurile celle mai vechie pino in dillele nostre / The Romanians History from the Ancient Times Until Nowdays, Ediţiunea a doua. Bucuresci : Tipografia Statului dissa Nifone, 1862.
5. Sălcudean, Ileana Nicoleta. Social şi cultural în context european : Resemantizarea culturii în paradigma socio-politică europeană / Social and Cultural in European Context, Cluj-Napoca : Editura Risoprint, 2013.
6. Sartori, Giovanni. Ce facem cu străinii ? Pluralism versus multiculturalism / Pluralism, multiculturalism and Foreigners: an Essay on Multiethnic Society, Bucureşti: Humanitas, 2007.
7. Theilemann, Wolfram G. «Comunităţile bisericeşti şi cultura evanghelică de limba germană în nucleele urbane de migraţie şi modernizare din vechiul Regat al României, între circa 1840-1944» / Church Communities and Evangelical Culture of German Language in the Migration and Modernization Urban Cores of the old Kingdom of Romania, from about 1840-1944 . In : Confluenţe culturale româno-germane. Sibiu : Editura Universităţii « Lucian Blaga », 2008.
8. Biblioteca Digitala a ULBS, site-ul web : http://digital-library.ulbsibiu.ro/dspace/ handle/123456789/471
9. Siteul web al proiectului Europeana Cloud: http://pro.europeana.eu/get-involved/projects/project-list/ europeana-cloud

The author in digital environment

Besides the internal, personal intelectual activity, the electronic environment with its new writing, reading and information communication technologies reshape the literary and scientific production process. The authors, in order to maintain full control over the achievement of their own works, have to acquire theoretical knowledge and practical skills on infomation, documentation and communication in the Internet network, on databases, on the publishing and presentation rules and norms specific to the digital context.

Keywords: author, editing activity, information and communication technologies, digital skills

L’auteur au temps du numerique. Paris: Hadapi, Edition des Archives Contemporaines, 2010, ISBN 978.281.3000.880. pp. 3- 7. Disponibil la: http:// labs.hadopi.fr/sites/default/files/ressource/4967/files/ auteurtempsnumeriqueld.pdf. Disponibil pe Google books [ accesat 24.09.2016]

Bolle, Aurélia; ROUX, Marie-Christine; Rouxel, Virginie. Pratique d’editeurs: 50 nuances de numerique. Etude réalisée par le MOTif et le Labo de l’édition. Paris : 2014. Disponibil la: http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/ documents/64792-pratiques-d-editeurs-50-nuances-de-numerique. pdf [accesat la 24.09.2016].

Broudoux, Evelyne. Outils informatiques d’ecriture et de lecture : nouvelles conditions au «devenir auteur». Colloque « ecritures en ligne : pratiques et communautes « -, Nov 2003, Rennes II, le 26 septembre 2002. Archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL. Id: sic00000796 http://archivesic. ccsd.cnrs.fr/sic00000796 [accesat 24.09.2016]

Creation et Internet. Raport au Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication, Paris, 2010, pp. 3-12. Didponibil la :

http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/ notices/48088-creation-et-internet [accesat la 24.09.2016].

Le Coadic, Yves- François La Science de l’Information . Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2004.

Livre numérique et terminaux de lecture, quels usages ? – note d’analyse/ Hadopi Département Recherche, Etudes et Veille (DREV), 2015. p.1. Disponibil la: http://www.hadopi.fr/sites/default/files/Note%20d%27analyse%20%C3%A9tude%20livre%20Hadopi.pdf [accesat la 24.09.2016]

Jahjah, Marc. Autopublication: vers une mise à l’écart progressive des éditeurs? In : La chaîne du livre à l’ère du numérique. DOSSIER par La Rédaction INAGLOBAL, 2011. Disponibil la : http://www.inaglobal.fr/edition/article/ autopublication-vers-une-mise-l-ecart-progressive-des-editeurs?tq=5 [accesat la 24.09.2016]

Tîrziman, Elena. Organizarea şi regăsirea informaţiei / Organization and Retrieval of Information, Târgovişte: Editura Bibliotheca, 2016, (Colectia Universitaria – Informare si Comunicare), ISBN:978-606-772-085-3.

De luce, de lux et de lumen

The term ’reflection’ has a double meaning: it signifies the phenomenon of the light returning to the environment wherein it came from upon meeting a separating surface, but it also signifies the return of consciousness upon itself. This dual semantics has consequences on the wider concept of Weltanschauung, through the double nature of light, namely its physical and metaphysical nature. The eye metaphor employed by German theologian Eckhart von Hochheim and bishop Robert Grosseteste from Lincoln during the 13th and 14th century is not in the least bit random. It refers to the material and spiritual perception of light which involves operating with a series of Latin concepts such as indistinctum, lux, lumen, oculus corporis, oculus mentis, and others. These are notions affected by an apparent desuetude, but which allow a surprising disambiguation through the iconic representation of the eye principle.

Keywords: Weltanschauung, luce, lux, lumen, oculus corporis, oculus mentis, physical light, metaphysical light.

• Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan”, Dicţionarul explicativ al limbii române (ediţia a II-a revizuită şi adăugită) / Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language (second edition revised and enlarged), Editura Univers Enciclopedic Gold, Bucureşti, 2009.
• Luca Amendola, Shinji Tsujikawa, Dark Energy. Theory and Observations, Cambridge Univerity Press, Cambridge, 2010.
• August E. Evrard, Vol. Clusters of Galaxies, XIVth Moriond Astrophisics Meeting, Art. Simulations of Clusters of Galaxies, Edited by F. Durret, A. Mazure, J. Trân Thanh Vân, Editions Frontiers, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedez, 1994.
• Frederick Van Fleteren, Augustine through the Ages. An Encyclopedia, General Editor Allan D. Fitzgerald, O.S.A., William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan/Cambridge, 1999, p. 5.
• Robertus Grosseteste, Comentarius in Posteriorum Analyticorum Libros, Ed. Pietro Rossi, Leo S. Olschki Editore, MCMLXXXI, Firenze, 1981.
• John Shannon Hendrix, Architecture as Cosmology: Lincoln Cathedral and English Gothic Architecture, Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., New York, 2011.
• Sigrun Jäger, Meister Eckhart – ein Wort im Wort, Versuch einer theologischen Deutung von vier deutschen Predigten, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 2008.
• Andreas Lischewski, Person und Bildung, Überlegungen im Grenzgebiet von Philosophischer Anthropologie und Bildungstheorie im Anschluß an Paul Ludwig Landsberg, 1. Teilband, Verlag Dr. Josef H. Röll, Dettelbach, 1998.
• Florin Marcu, Constant Maneca, Dicţionar de neologisme / Dictionary of neologisms, Editura Academiei, Bucureşti, 1986.
• Burkhard Mojsisch, Meister Eckhart. Analogy, Univocity and Unity, B.R. Grüner Publishing Company, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 2001.
• Maurice Merleau-Ponty, The Primacy of Perception: And Other Essays on Phenomenological Psychology, the Philosophy of Art, History of Politics, Northwestern University Press, Evanston, Illinois, 1964.
• P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses, Hugo Magnus, Ed, 2009.
• Sfântul Vasile cel Mare (Saint Basil the Great), Scrieri. Partea întâia. Omilii la Hexaemeron. Omilii la psalmi. Omilii şi cuvântări / Writings. First part. Homilies to the Hexaemeron. Homilies to Psalms. Homilies and sermons, Editura Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, Bucureşti, 1986.

”Children at a younger school age in view of the possibilities of a foreign language acquisition”

The text of the present article deals with the problems of needs and possibilities of the child at a younger school age in relation to linguistic education. Therefore, it discusses a methodological concept of integrated teaching in classes I – III as an effective way to its efficiency. The final part contains conclusions from the research procedure, confirming the rightness of choosing a younger school age to start teaching foreign languages

Keywords: children, younger school age, linguistic education, foreign languages

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• Komorowska H. (1995), Nauczanie języków obcych – propozycje strategii oświatowej,
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• Nęcka E. (2000) (w:) Strelau J. Psychologia. Podręcznik akademicki. Gdańsk. GWP
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Emotions of love in Slovak and Romanian idioms

The empirical core of this study is represented by an analysis of distinctive features of the language view of the world that is typical in Slovak language and partially modified mainly by cultural-historical encounter of Slovaks and their language in the Great Hungarian Plain, specifically in Romanian environment. The analysis leading to the comparison of language and idiomatic material is specific by accepting bilingualism of Slovaks living in Romania. In other words – the analyses are aimed at uncovering the common and the specific in expressing emotions, namely the emotions of love and hatred in Slovak and Romanian idioms. Idioms have maintained socio-historical circumstances, through which people denoted and assessed those aspects that were, based on their preferences, considered crucial or relevant under the given circumstances. The idiomatic richness of a national language is captured through the view mediated via language, in which perception of the outer world by the given ethnicity are reflected. It is a specific, but undoubted witness of traditional life; it is a reflection of historical facts and culture.

Keywords:idioms, emotions, Slovaks in Romania, Romanian language.

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The fascination of the ignored history – explosive economical path for which we pay a huge price –

Very often, over time – especially after antiquity but also in that time – it was obvious that, from those who decide to ignore a certain fascination with historical economical experiences. Such fascination shows itself in nearly time. Precisely for this reason, in ignorance of history they were detached and stands out numerous economic “explosive” paths. So did we learn? How did the economic future set, ignoring history, and how will the economic future be set ? This will be shown in the study below.

Keywords: economic history, fascination, ignorance, experience, perspectives, development, globalization

2011, Attali, Jacques, Evreii, lumea şi banii (Istoria economică a poporului evreu) / Jews, World and Money (The Economic History of the Hebrew People), Editura Univers, Bucureşti

1935, Bainville, Jacques, Les dictateurs (The dictators), Denoële et Steele Editeurs, Paris

2015, 2016, Cancicov, Vasile, Th. Jurnalul din vremea ocupaţiei. Impresiuni şi păreri personale din timpul războiului României. Jurnal zilnic, august 1916-decembrie 1918 (Journal of the Occupation Time. Personal impression and opinions of the Roumania’s Wartime. Diary, august 1916-december 1918), vol I şi II, Ediţie îngrijită de Daniel Cain, Editua Humanitas, Bucureşti,

1918, Colson, C., Organisme économique et désordre social (Econimic organisation and social order), Flammarion, Paris

1979, Fourastié, Jean „Les trentes glorieuses” (The Great Thirties), Paris, Fayard

1963, Gendarme, René, La pauvreté des nations (Poverty of Nations), Editions Cujas

1998, Landes, David, S., The Wealth and Poverty of Nations, W.W. Norton and Company, New York, London

2015, Lăcusteanu, Grigore, Amintirile colonelului Lăcusteanu (Colonel Lăcusteanu’s Memories), ediţie îngrijită de Pandele Peligrad, Rodica, Editura Polirom, Bucureşti

1981, Popescu, Dan, Civilizaţie şi industrie (Civilization and Industry, Editura Albatros, Bucureşti, pp. 138-184

1984, Popescu, Dan, Cornul abundenţei, un miracol? (Planty, an Miracle?), Editura Albatros, Bucureşti, pp. 106-150

1987, Popescu, Dan, Universul în alb-negru (The Universe in Black and White), Editura Albatros, Bucureşti, pp. 130-186

1999, Popescu, Dan, Istoria gândirii economice de la începuturi până la sfârşitul secolului XX (History of economic thought from the begining to the end of the Twentieth Century), Editura Continent, Sibiu-Bucureşti

2002, a, Popescu, Dan, Istorie economică – Istoria economiei naţionale (History of the National Economic), Editura Continent, Sibiu-Bucureşti, pp. 58-97

2007, Popescu, Dan, Jurnal economic (Economic Journal), Editura Continent, Sibiu-Bucureşti, pp. 19-52; 106-112; 123-139

2010, Popescu, Dan, Cataclismele economice care zguduie lumea (Economic Cataclysms that shake the World), Editura Continent, Sibiu-Bucureşti, pp. 11-112 ş.a.

2011, Popescu, Dan, Amurgul lumilor paralele (Twilight of Paralel Worlds), Editura Continent, Sibiu-Bucureşti, pp. 34-93

2012,Popescu, Dan, Criza indecentă (Indecent Crisis), Editura Continent, Sibiu-Bucureşti

2014, Popescu, Dan, Ameninţări pentru secolul XXI (XXI Century’s Threats), Editura Continent, Sibiu-Bucureşti, pp. 21-82; 147-197; 293-307

1991, Portocală Radu, Autopsia unei lovituri de stat. În ţara în care a triumfat minciuna (The autopsy of a Coup. In the Country which prevailed the Lie), Editurile Continent şi Agora Timişoreană.

1819, Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de Rouvroy, conte, „L’Organisateur” (The Organizer), Paris, pp. 10-20, citat după Ch. Gide şi Ch. Rist, Istoria doctrinelor economice de la fiziocraţi până astăzi, ed. V-a, Editura Cassei Şcoalelor, Bucureşti, 1926, pag. 286 ş.a

1998, Toynbee, Arnold, J., Studiu asupra istoriei (sinteză de D.C. Somervell) / Study of History, traducere din engleză de Dan A. Lăzărescu, Humanitas, Bucureşti

1941,Veverca, Ion, Naţionalismul economic (Economic Nationalism), Editura Analele economice şi statistice, Bucureşti

1992… Le bilan du XX-ième siècle (The Balance Sheet of the 20th Century), Harenberg, Bruxelles.

2016, Pomeranz, Kenneth, La mondialisation du XIX siècle. Naissance du monde (The Globalisation of the XIXth Century. Birth of the World), L’Histoire nr. 425-426, juillet-aôut

1990, Popescu, Dan, (semnat Dan Genvra, în memoria bunicului său, general Dumitru Vrăjitoru) Domnul Interes şi Doamna Iniţiativă (Mr. Interest and Mrs. Initiative, the personal guard of the liberal doctrine), ziarul Liberalul, nr. 1, Serie Nouă, 12 ianuarie, Bucureşti

2002,b, Popescu, Dan, coordinateur et coauteur, Les pays de l’Europe Centrale et de l’Europe de l’Est: allez, retour, allez vers l’économie de marché (1850-2000) (The Countries of Central and Eastern Europe: go back to the market economy; 1850-2000), vezi Popescu Dan De la protection du developpement national à la protection de l’interet du capitalism international? Étude de cas: l’économie roumaine, Université de San Andres, Buenos Aires,

2015,a Popescu, Dan, Confruntările muncitorilor cu patronatul. Succintă privire în timp şi spaţiu (Clashes Workers with Employers. A Glimpse in Time and Space), Transilvania, nr. 8, pp. 76-82

2015,b Popescu, Dan, în Studii de istorie economică şi istoria gândirii economice, coord. academician Iulian Văcărel, vol. 17, Bucureşti, vezi studiul Dan Popescu „Alungarea hughenoţilor… Toleranţă şi intoleranţă” (Expulsion of the Huguenots. Tolerance and intolerance).

2016, Popescu, Dan, în volumul „Penser l’Europe” (Thinking about Europe), Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti, vezi studiul Dan Popescu, Amplificarea emigrării şi imigrării generată de integrare şi globalizare. Capacitatea reală de ocupare a economiei. (Emigration and immigration amplification generated by integration and globalisation. Real capacity of emploiment of the economy).

To another Middle Ages

The Middle Ages is a historical period to be seen, in the long transition of European civilizations, as the last social and political organization in accordance with the religious conception of humanity, as organized according to superior principles derived from religious commandments. By analyzing the way authority is defined and put in practice and how society organizes in orders by reflecting the divine, superior ordering, the article sheds light on the modern and contemporary confusion and social disorder. By emphasizing function and by founding social divisions on the essential functional differentiation, the Medieval society is in deep contrast with the current emphasis on power. Getting rid of all superior meanings, the contemporary society is entrenched in value confusion and egoist struggle for personal supremacy.

Keywords: Middle Ages, religion, orders, social structure, tradition.

Bloch, Marc, Regii taumaturgi / The Royal Touch, Iaşi, Polirom, 1997.

Duby, Georges, Cele trei ordine sau imaginarul feudalismului / The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined, Bucureşti, Editura Meridiane, 1998.

Duby, Georges, Seigneurs et paysans. Hommes et structures du Moyen Age (II) / Lords and Peasants, Paris, Flammarion, 1988.

Guénon, René, La crise du monde moderne / The Crisis of the Modern World, Paris, Gallimard, 1973.

Kantorowicz, Ernst H., Cele două corpuri ale regelui: un studiu asupra teologiei politice medievale / The King’s Two Bodies, Iaşi, Polirom, 2014.

“Historically Accurate Inventions”! Fiction and Factuality in Ursula Ackrill’s novel “Zeiden im Januar”

Born in Braşov in 1974, the novelist Ursula Ackrill has graduated her studies in Romanian “Andrei Şaguna” Highschool in Sibiu, Romanian Orthodox Theology and German Studies at the University in Bucharest- lives in the United Kingdom where she has obtained in 2003 a PhD in philology from the University of Leicester with a thesis on Christa Wolf. She debuted with the novel Zeiden, im Januar [Codlea in January] in 2015, while being in the same year on the Shortlist Prize of the Leipzig Book Fair. The theme of the novel is the relationship of the German community in Romania with the German Nazi party, but also refers to the two extremist currents present in Romania in the interwar period: Erneuerungsbewegung (Renewal Movement) and the Legionary Movement. The present article focuses on the analysis of the novel in terms of the fictional and factual; and in my opinion, we have a type of postmodern narrative, the best concept describing it being metahistoriographical fictionality.

Key words: Ursula, Ackrill, Renewal Movement, Legionary Movement, fictionality, factuality, metahistoriographical fictionality.

Primary sources:

• Ackrill, Ursula: Zeiden, im Januar. 3.Auflage, Verlag Klaus Wagenbach: Berlin 2015.
• Schlattner, Eginald: Der geköpfte Hahn. Paul Zsolnay Verlag Wien, 1998.
• Schlesak, Dieter: Capesius, der Auschwitzapotheker. Dietz Verlag Bonn, 2006
• Wittstock, Joachim: Bestätigt und besiegelt. ADZ Verlag Bukarest, 2003.
• Wolff, Iris: Leuchtende Schatten. Otto Müller Verlag Salzburg, 2015.

Secondary sources

• Hagen, Timo/Schuster, Dirk: Einleitung: Rumäniendeutsche und Nationalsozialismus. In: Spiegelungen. Zeitschrift für deutsche Kultur und Geschichte Südosteuropas. Heft. 1.16, Jahrgang 11 (65). Verlag Friedrich Pustet: München 2016.
• Moser, Sabine: Günter Grass. Romane und ihre Erzählungen. Erich Schmidt Verlag Berlin: 2000.
• Nünning, Ansgar: Literarische Geschichtsdarstellung: Theoretische Grundlagen, fiktionale Privilegien, Gattungstypologie und Funktionen. In: Christiane Holm und Bettina Bannasch (Hrsg.): Erinnern und Erzählen. Der spanische Bürgerkrieg in der deutschen und spanischen Erzählliteratur und in den Bildmedien. Tübingen 2005, S. 35-58.
• Schenkel, Elmar: Rezension. In: Spiegelungen: Zeitschrift für deutsche Kultur und Geschichte Südosteuropas. Heft. 1.16, Jahrgang 11 (65). Verlag Friedrich Pustet: München 2016, S. 227.
• Schlieper, Hendrik: Überlegungen zum gegenwärtigen ‘Ort’ historischen Erzählens am Beispiel von Janvier Cercas’ <Anatomie eines Augenblicks>. In: Literatur und Theorie seit der Postmoderne. Hirzel Verlag Stuttgart 2012, S. 199-212.
• Schuller, Horst: Fiktion und Fiktionalisierung in der Prosa von Joachim Wittstock. In: Germanistische Beiträge. Bd. 25/2009. Universitätsverlag Sibiu, S. 54-77.
• Zach R., Cornelius: Totalitäre Bewegungen in der Zwischenkriegszeit: Rumänen und Deutsche in Rumänien. Voraussetzungen, Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede im rechten Spektrum. In: Rumänien im Brennpunkt. Hrsg. von Krista Zach. Verlag Südostdeutsches Kulturwerk: München 1998, S. 135-152.

Internetquellen:

• Assman, Aleida: Die Vergangenheit begehbar machen: http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_23346-544-1-30. pdf?110901123141
• Schilling, Erik: Der historische Roman seit der Postmoderne: Umberto Eco und die deutsche Literatur. Pdf. Universitätsverlag WINTER Heidelberg. Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift. Hrsg. von Renate Stauf, GRM-Beiheft 49, 2012, S. 17; www.winter-verlag.de
• Wichner, Ernest: Stechen und draufgehen. http://pdf. zeit.de/2015/05/ursula-ackrill-zeiden-im-januar.pdf
• http://www.br.de/br-fernsehen/sendungen/lesezeichen/ursula-ackrill-114.html

The Three Ages of Utopia in Huxley’s work

The subject of the present article is the distinction between the three ages of utopia in Aldous Huxley’s work. The first age illustrates the inhuman paradise, as represented in the dystopian novel „Brave New World”(1931). The second age, the nightmare of the present world, is pictured in the essay” Brave New World Revisited” (1958)- an addenda to the novel, a lucid reconsideration of the fictional world, where Huxley reveals himself as a social prophet. The third age is one of prospective explorations: the novel „Island” is an evidence of the consubstantiality between utopia and dystopia in the tormented twentieth century. From the naive utopia to the austere dystopia, the genre suffered considerable mutations. This shows, once again, that literature is not a remote island secluded from social and political influence.

Keywords: Aldous Huxley, utopia, three Ages, inhuman paradise, nightmare, “Brave New World”

Antohi, Sorin, „Utopica. Studii asupra imaginarului social”/ „Utopia. Studies of the Social Imaginary”, Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică, 1991

Aramă, Horia, „O insulă în spaţiu”/ „An Island in Space”, Bucureşti, Cartea Românească, 1991

Arendt, Hannah, „Făgăduinţa politicii”/ „The Promise of Politics”, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2010

Besançon, Alain, „Anatomia unei stafii. Falimentul unei utopii întrupate”/ „The Anatomy of a Spectre. The Bankrupcy of a Materialized Utopia”, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2014

Boia, Lucian, „Pentru o istorie a imaginarului”/ „For a History of the Imaginary”, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2000

Borbély, Ştefan, „Civilizaţii de sticlă. Utopie, distopie, urbanism”/ „Glass Civilizations. Utopia, dystopia and Urbanism”, Cluj-Napoca, Limes, 2013

Cioran, E.M., „Istorie şi utopie”/ „History and Utopia”, Bucureşti, Humanitas, 2011

Creţu, Bogdan, „Utopia negativă în literatura română”/ „The Negative Utopia in the Romanian Literature”, Bucureşti, Cartea Românească, 2008

Fromm, Erich, „Frica de libertate”/ „ Fear of Freedom”, Bucureşti, Editura Teora, 1998

Huxley, Aldous, „Minunata lume nouă. Reîntoarcere la minunata lume nouă”/ „Brave New World. Brave New World Revisited”, Iaşi, Polirom, 2003

Idem, „Insula”/ „Island”, Iaşi, Polirom, 2011

Liiceanu, Gabriel, „Utopia intelectului şi utopia filozofiei”/ „The Utopia of the Intelect and the Utopia of Philosophy”, în „Cearta cu filozofia”/ „The Quarrel with Philosophy”, Bucureşti, Humanitas, 1998

Opriţă, Mircea, „H.G.Wells. Utopia modernă”/ „ H.G.Wells. The Modern Utopia”, Bucureşti, Editura Albatros, 1983

Ortega y Gasset, José, „Omul şi mulţimea”/ „Man and People”, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2001

Orwell, George, „O mie nouă sute optzeci şi patru”/ „1984”, Iaşi, Polirom, 2002

Pădureleanu, Mircea „Aldous Huxley”, Bucureşti, Ed. Ştiinţifică şi Pedagogică, 1978

Marcuse, Ludwig, „Die Utopie und das Individuum. Zwei Aufsätze”/ „The Utopia and the Man. Two Essays“, Diogenes Verlag, AG Zürich, 1977

Schölderle, Thomas, „Geschichte der Utopie“/ „The History of Utopia“, Köln, Weimar, Wien, Böhlau Verlag, 2012

Servier, Jean, „Istoria utopiei”/ „The History of Utopia”, Bucureşti, Editura Meridiane, 2000

Tismăneanu, Vladimir, „Mizeria utopiei. Criza ideologiei marxiste în Europa răsăriteană”/ „The Crisis of Marxist Ideology in Eastern Europe: The Poverty of Utopia”, Iaşi, Editura Polirom, 1997

Wunenburger, Jean-Jacques, „Viaţa imaginilor”/ „The Life of the Images”, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Cartimpex, 1998

Idem, „Imaginariile politicului”/ „The Imaginaries of the Politics”, Bucureşti, Editura Paideia, 2005.

Julio Cortázar’s Short Fiction. Signs and Significances

Julio Cortázar is an outstanding Argentine writer, one of the great masters of the (fantastic) short story, who has been often compared to Jorge Luis Borges. Cortázar’s stories follow the logic of hallucinations and obsessions, their central themes being the quest for identity, the hidden reality behind the everyday lives of common people, and the existential angst. The author’s debt to the French Symbolism and Surrealists has been demonstrated in a number of studies. It is not fortuitous that the bulk of the posthumously published texts by Cortázar belongs to the years around his exile from Argentina: Cortázar’s voluntary yet definitive exile functions as a first allowance of the essential “workings of posthumousness” to enter into his oeuvre. Yet it is a legitimate question whether there has ever been such a phenomenon as the “totality” of Cortázar’s work — that is, if there ever were a homeland or an origin from which exile might be regarded as a deviation.

Keywords: short story, fantastic fiction, contemporary literature, ambiguity, tradition.

Julio Cortázar, Armele secrete (The Secret Weapons). Traducere de Tudora Şandru-Mehedinţi, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2007.

Julio Cortázar, Pagini neaşteptate (Unexpected Writings). Traducere şi note de Tudora Şandru-Mehedinţi, după o ediţie îngrijită de Aurora Bernárdez şi Carles Álvarez Garriga, Editura Polirom, 2010.

Julio Cortázar, Cât de mult o iubim pe Glenda (We Love Glenda So Much). Traducere de Lavinia Similaru, Editura Polirom, 2009.

The Cambridge History of Latin American Literature. (Istoria Cambridge a literaturii latino-americane) Edited by Roberto González Echevarría and Enrique Pupo-Walker, Cambridge University Press, Vol. II, 2008.

Saúl Yurkievick, Julio Cortázar: mundos y modos (Julio Cortázar: lumi şi moduri), Buenos Aires, Editorial Edhasa, 2004.

Ioan Em. Petrescu’s Correspondence – on the verigo of the literary history archives

Contemporary literary studies focus on literary, cultural or academic figures’ testimonials, in order to develop a modern patrimony of literature. Ioana Em. Petrescu’s archived correspondence, diaries or critical notes provide an interesting opportunity for researchers to observe critic’s ”studio” as well as traces of her daily life. In this way, Ioana Petrescu’s letters from different personalities of the Romanian academic and cultural life, create a complex image of the professor and critic Ioana Petrescu, but also real and authentic depictions of Romanian intellectuals during the communist regime. The letters are historical evidences which deliver a subjective story about private and academic life in the communist era, and in the same time, they are – meta-fictions, due to the subjects contained.

Key words: correspondence, scholars, Romanian literature under communism, history.

• Adamek, Diana, Ioana Bot (ed.), Portret de grup cu Ioana Em. Petrescu / Group Portrait With Ioana Em. Petrescu, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1991.
• Anghelescu, Mircea, „Ioana Em. Petrescu – Ion Budai-Deleanu şi eposul comic / Ioana Em. Petrescu – Ion Budai-Deleanu and the Comic Epic”, în Limbă şi literatură, nr. 3, 1974, pp. 606 – 607.
• Benjamin, Walter, Illuminations. Essays and Reflections, ediţie îngrijită de Hannah Arendt, prefaţă de Leon Weiseltier, trad. de Harry Zohn, New York, Schocken Books, 2007.
• Croitoru, Corina, Politica ironiei în poezia românească sub comunism /The Policy of Irony In Romanian Poetry Under Communism, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Casa Cărţii de Stiinţă, 2014.
• Culianu, Ioan Petru, Mircea Eliade, Dialoguri întrerupte: Corespondenţa Mircea Eliade – Ioan Petru Culianu / Interrupted Dialogues: The Correspondence between Mircea Eliade And Ioan Petru Culianu, ediţie îngrijită şi note de Tereza Culianu Petrescu şi Dan Petrescu, prefaţă de Matei Călinescu, Iaşi, Editura Polirom, 2004.
• Dosarele 1, 4, 5, 10, Fondul Ioana Em. Petrescu, Subfondul Ioana, Seria Corespondenţă.
• Duţu, Alexandru, Explorări în istoria literaturii române / Explorations in the History of Romanian literature, Bucureşti, Editura Pentru Literatură, 1969.
• Eliade, Mircea, Încercarea labirintului. Convorbiri cu Claude-Henri Rocquet / Ordeal by Labyrinth: Conversations with Claude-Henri Rocquet, traducere şi note de Doina Cornea, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1990.
• Eliade, Mircea, Jurnal (1941-1969) / Journal (19411969) , Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 1993.
• Eliade, Mircea, Jurnal portughez şi alte scrieri / Portuguese diaryAnd Other Works, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2006.
• Eminescu, Mihai, Opere / Works, vol. XVI, Corespondenţă. Documentar / Correspondence. Documentary, ediţie critică de Perspessicius, coordonatori D.Vatamaniuc şi Petru Creţia, Bucureşti, Editura Academiei Române, 1989.
• Eminescu, Mihai, Veronica Micle, Dulcea mea Doamnă/ Eminul meu iubit. Corespondenţa inedită Mihai Eminescu – Veronica Micle / My Sweet Lady / My Beloved Emin. The Unpublished Correspondence Between Mihai Eminescu And Veronica Micle, ediţie de Christina Zarifopol Ilias, Iaşi, Editura Polirom, 2000.
• Hitchins, Keith, „Alexandru Duţu, 1928 – 1990”, în Slavic Review, vol. 58 (Winter, 1999), nr. 4, Special Issue: Ten Years after 1989: What Have We Learned?, p. 975.
• Negrici, Eugen, Literatura română sub comunism (1948 – 1964) / The Romanian Literature Under Communism, Bucureşti, Editura Cartea Românească, 2010.
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., ”Budai-Deleanu’s way back to Homer”, în Synthesis, II, 1975, pp. 77 – 83, („Întoarcerea la Homer”, în Configuraţii, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Societatea Culturală Lucian Blaga”, 2002, pp. 87 – 97).
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., „Sentimentalité baroque et nostalgie du clasicisme dans l’oeuvre de Miron Costin”, în Synthesis, IV, 1977, pp. 67 – 69 („Sentimentalitate barocăşi nostalgie a clasicismului în opera lui Miron Costin”, în Configuraţii, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Societatea Culturală Lucian Blaga, 2002, pp. 48 – 62).
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., Configuraţii / Configurations, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1981.
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., Eminescu – poet tragic / Eminescu – tragic poet, Iaşi, Editura Junimea, 1994.
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., Eminescu. Modele cosmologice şi viziune poetică / Eminescu. Cosmological Models and Poetic Vision, Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1979.
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., Ion Barbu şi poetica postmodernismului / Ion Barbu And the Poetics of postmodernism, Bucureşti, Editura Cartea Românească, 1993.
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., Ion Budai Deleanu şi eposul cosmic / Ion Budai Deleanu and the Comic Epic, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1974.
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., Jurnal (1959 – 1990) / Journal (1959 – 1990), ediţie îngrijită de Rozalia Borcilă şi Elena Neagoe, Piteşti, Editura Paralela 45, 2005.
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., Modernism. Postmodernism. O ipoteză / Modernism. Postmodernism. A Hypothesis, Cluj-Napoca, Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2003.
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., Molestarea fluturilor interzisă / The Butterflies Molestation Forbidden, ediţie îngrijită şi postfaţă de Ioana Bot, Bucureşti, Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, 1998.
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., Petrescu, Liviu, Corespondenţa intimă (1961-1978) / Intimate Correspondence (1961-1978), ediţie îngrijită şi studiu introductiv de Mirela Tomoiagă, prefaţă de Ioana Bot, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2012.
• Petrescu, Ioana Em., Studii de literatură română şi comparată / Studies on Romanian and Comparative Literature, Cluj-Napoca, Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2005.
• Petrescu, Ioana Em.,Eminescu şi mutaţiile poeziei româneşti / Eminescu and the Mutations of Romanian Poetry , Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1989.
• Popovici, Dimitrie, Poezia lui Mihai Eminescu / Mihai Eminescu’s Poetry, ediţie îngrijiţă şi studiu introductiv de Ioana Em. Petrescu, Bucureşti, Editura Tineretului, 1969.
• Popovici, Dimitrie, Romantismul românesc / Romanian Romanticism, ediţie, note şi bibliografie de Ioana Em. Petrescu, cuvânt înainte de Tudor Vianu, prefaţă de Dan Simonescu, Bucureşti, Editura Tineretului, 1969.
• Popovici, Dimitrie, Studii Literare / Literary Studies, vol. 1: Literatura română în epoca luminilor The Romanian Literature in the Age of Enlightment, ediţie îngrijită şi note de Ioana Em. Petrescu, postfaţă de Aurel Martin, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Dacia, 1972.
• Preda, Marin, Jurnal intim. Carnete de atelier / Intimate diary. Workshop Notepads, ediţie îngrijită de Eugen Simion şi Oana Soare, Bucureşti, Editura Ziua, 2004.
• Sasu, Aurel (coord.), Dicţionar biografic al literaturii române / Biographical Dictionary of Romanian Literature, vol. I (A – L), Piteşti, Editura Paralela 45, 2006.
• Simion, Eugen, Portretul scriitorului îndrăgostit – Marin Preda. Scrisori către Aurora Cornu, Convorbiri cu Aurora Cornnu, Pagini de jurnal / Portrait of the Writer in Love – Marin Preda. Letters to Aurora Corn.Conversations with Aurora. Diary Pages, Bucureşti, Editura Muzeul Naţional al Academiei Române, 2010.
• Tomoiagă, Mirela, O poetică a corepondenţei intime în literatura română a secolului al XX-lea / A Poetics of the Intimate Correspondence in XXth CenturyRomanian Literature, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2012.
• Ulici, Laurenţiu, Literatura română contemporană – Promoţia ‚70 / The Contemporary Romanian Literature / The ‚70th Group, Bucureşti, Editura Eminescu, 1995.

Eminescu and the Fascination of Severed Heads: an imaginary of decapitation

The article investigates Mihai Eminescu’s interest for the insolitation of the head’s beauty. On the connotative level, this interest is apparent in the techniques of framing the face or the head. On the denotative level, the poet’s interest becomes obvious, as he explores in a naturalistic vein, the cruelty of decollation in his early novel “Geniu Pustiu”. Departing from recent cultural studies devoted to the head’s severance (Larissa Tracy, Jeff Macey, Frances Larson) and from the narrative situation when Ioan is decapitated by his friend, Toma Nour, I endeavor to expand the analysis of decollation in Eminescu’s poetry, theatre, and prose. Being ostentatiously looked at – which makes the head almost autonomous with respect to the rest of the human body – the portrait/ the framed face (in pictures, photos or sculptures) represents a sublimation of the body’s powers as well as a locus where physics and metaphysics encounter each other.

Key words: decapitation, insolitation, portrait, re-personalization, the cult of the head

• Andone, Irina, „Farmec dureros”. Poetica eminesciană a contrariilor/ „Farmec dureros”. Eminescu’s Poetics of Contraries, “Cronica” Publishers, Iaşi, 2002.
• Axton, Marie, The Queen’s Two Bodies: Drama and the Elizabethan Succession, Humanities Pr, London, 1977.
• Eminescu, Mihai, Opere I. Poezii tipărite în timpul vieţii/ Works 1. Poetry pubished during life, “Fundaţia pentru literatură şi artă Regele Carol II” Publishers, edited by Perpessicius, Bucharest, 1939.
• Eminescu, Mihai, Opere IV. Poezii postume/ Works IV. Posthumous poetry, edited by Perpessicius, “Academia RSR” Publishers, Bucharest, 1952.
• Eminescu, Mihai, Opere V. Poezii postume/ Works V. Posthumous poetry, edited by Perpessicius, “Academia RSR” Publishers, Bucharest, 1958.
• Eminescu, Mihai, Opere VII. Proză literară/ Works VII. Literary Prose, edited and prefaced by Perpessicius, “Academia RSR-Muzeul literaturii române” Publishers, Bucharest, 1977.
• Eminescu, Mihai, Opere IX. Publicistică 1870-1877/ Works IX. Press articles, edited and introduced by Al. Oprea, “Academia RSR” Publishers, Bucharest, 1980.
• Janes, Regina, Losing Our Heads: Beheadings in Literature and Culture, New York UP.
• Larson, Frances, Severed: A History of Heads Lost and Heads Found, Granta Papers, London, 2014
• Raschen, J.F.L., „Earlier and Later Versions of the Friendship Theme. Damon and Pythas”, în „Modern Philology”, no. 2, June 1919, pp. 105-109.
• Tracy, Larissa, Masey, Jeff (eds.), Heads Will Roll: Decapitation in the Mediaval and Early Modern Imagination, Leiden, Brill, 2012.
• Vanhese, Gisèle, „Misterul rochiei negre”/ The Mystery of the Black Dress, translated by Roxana Patraş, in “Convorbiri literare”, An. 147, Nr. 7 (July 2013), p. 112113.

“Popular” subgenres and “major literature”: „Animale bolnave”/“Sick animals” by Nicolae Breban

This article explains the way in which Romanian novels of the sixties have combined popular fiction structures with techniques of the canonical writers of Russian XIX-th century and early XX-th century such as Dostoyevsky or Faulkner. The main goal was to achieve some kind of genre that could break with the dogmatic socialist realism and gain means to work with new sorts of political and social issues through novel. Nicolae Breban, one of the most important figures in postwar Romanian novel, has conquered this new type of novel in the sixties once he has published “Animale bolnave” (“Sick animals”), a detective novel altered with many modernistic narrative techniques. The case of this novel becomes the case of a literature who had to empower popular fiction genres with high culture techniques in order to create the image of a strong, competitive literature.

Keywords: detective fiction, religious groups, popular fiction, canonical writers, Romanian novel in the sixties

Breban, Nicolae: Opere 3: Animale bolnave (Works 3: Sick Animals), Bucureşti, Canova, 1992

Cristea-Enache, Daniel: Generaţia ’60: discursul artistic şi discursul critic – neomodernismul (The Sixties Generation: artistic discours and criticism – the neomodernism), Bucureşti, Editura Muzeului Naţional al Literaturii Române, 2013

Manolescu, Nicolae: Arca lui Noe (Noe’s Arch), Bucureşti, Eminescu, 1991

Martin, Mircea: Generaţie şi creaţie (Generation and creation) (ediţia a 2-a nerevăzută, dar adăugită), Reşiţa, Timpul, 2000

Pavel, Laura: Antimemoriile lui Grobei: eseu monografic despre opera lui Nicolae Breban (Grobei’s Antimemoires: monographical essay over Nicolae Breban’s work) (Ediţia a 2-a, revăzută şi adăugită), Bucureşti, Editura Fundaţiei Culturale Ideea Europeană, 2004

Simion, Eugen: Scriitori români de azi (Today’s Romanian Writers) – vol. III, Bucureşti, Cartea Românească, 1998.

”Post-human humanistics”. Fragments on Post-human

The present article is a survey of the massively discussed concept of the post-human, such as it is used mainly in the humanities. Using the philosophical systems of Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze as starting points, while also referring to the understanding that Ernesto Sábato and Giorgio Agamben have given to such concepts as „humanity” and „life” (as „zoe”, namely nude life), the author eventually concludes – alongside with Rosi Braidotti – that the post-human might be a major chance for the reconstruction of a post-human humanistics – freed from the anthropocentric and anthropocratic (though anti-human) excesses of the past century.

Keywords: contemporary humanities, post-human, post-human humanistics, Giorgio Agamben, Rosi Braidotti, Dada

Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer. Puterea suverană şi viaţa nudă / Homo Sacer. Sovereign Power and Bare Life, Idea Design&Print, Cluj- Napoca, 2006

Rosi Braidotti, Postumanul, Hecate, Bucureşti, 2016

Gilles Deleuze, Empirisme et subjectivité / Empiricism and Subjectivity, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 2010

Rosalyn Diprose & Ewa Płonowska Ziarek, „Timp pentru nou-veniţi. Natalitate, biopolitică şi teologie politică”/ „Time For Beginners: Natality, Biopolitics, and Political Theology”, in Post/h/um. Jurnal de studii (post)umaniste, vol. 2, 2016

Roberto Esposito, Persons and Things: From the Body’s Point of View, Polity Books, Cambridge, 2015

Michel Foucault, Les Mots et les Choses / Words and Things, Gallimard, Paris, 1990

Donna Haraway, „A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century”, in Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, Routledge, New York, 1991

Hugh Kenner, A Sinking Island: The Modern English Writers, Knopf, New York, 1988

Thomas Lemke, Biopolitics: An Advanced Introduction, New York University Press, New York, 2011

Achille Mbembe, „Necropolitics”, in Public Culture, Winter 2003

Ernesto Sábato, „Oameni şi angrenaje” / „Man and Mechanism”, în Eseuri, vol. 1, RAO, Bucureşti, 2005.