The Museography is accompanying me throughout life

„1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia has granted in June 2009 the title of Doctor Honoris Causa to Mr. Dr. Franz Grieshofer from the Österreichisches Museum für Volkskunde in Vienna, who has been for a long period of time the director of the museum, as well as an Austrian ethographer and musicologist of good repute with permanent relations of collaborations with specialists from Transylvania. Dr. Franz Grieshofer has participated to several projects and programs of scientifical research where he has distinguished himself by his scientific success under the title Die siebenbürgischen Landler. Eine Spurensicherung (1990). The moment was marked with the editing of a massive work, in two volumes, Die siebenbürgischen Landler, published by the prestigious publishing house Böhlau, Wien-Köln-Weimar, 2002, 967 p., which was also launched in Sibiu in 2006 during an academic reunion. Even since the beginning of his scientific activity as specialist within the Austrian Museum for Ethography, since 1981 Dr. Franz Grieshofer has developed a didactic and scientific research activity extremely appreciated within the prestigious Universität Wien, as well as by the Institute for European Ethnology and Museology. As specialist, he has lectured in front of the students, has held seminaries and has organized debates and round table
conferences etc. The zenith of this didactic and educational activity came in 2001 when Dr. Franz Grieshofer has been recognized as Honorar-Professor für Volkskunde (Hon.-Prof.) of the Viennese Universaity, quality that has directly conferred him the title of Professor in the University.
Keywords: Franz Grieshofer, Doctor Honoris Causa, Viena, Alba Iulia, Etnografie, Muzeu

A text about the juridical status of the Hospital and Foundation for Poor in Sibiu

The document (expertise) has a theoretical part, followed by many documents (royal letters) regarding the juridical rights (letters of property) of the Hospital. The introduction underlines the traditional juridical status, as well as the privileges of the medieval hospital and of the charity foundation (mainly interested in supporting the poor people) in Sibiu. The author was professor of law in Sibiu during the first half of the 19th century. The juridical expertise is important for both the historical and juridical point of view.
Keywords: hospital, medieval, juridical, document, privilege

• Trausch, Joseph: Schriftsteller-Lexikon der Siebenbürger Deutschen/The dictionary of the transilvanian saxon personalities, I. Kronstadt, 1868, p.18-20, retipărit la Köln, Wien, 1983, în seria Schriften zur Landeskunde Siebenbürgens, 7/I, p. 18-20.
• Beşliu Munteanu, Petre Spitalul medieval din Sibiu/The medieval Hospital in Sibiu, Sibiu, 2008, p. 11,22, 26, 34 – 36, 50, 59.
• Documente privind istoria României, seria C, Transilvania, sec. XIII, vol. II/The documents about the history of Romania,C, Transylvania,the 13-th century, II, Bucureşti.
• Rechnungen aus dem Archiv der Stadt Hermannstadt und der sächsischen Nation/The medieval counterregisters from Sibiu Archive, I, Hermannstadt, 1880.

Chapters from the economic biography of some great entrepeneurs: Guggenheim and sons – the beginnings

How have the world’s great entrepreneurs emerged and gained recognition? We have followed this itinerary for a famous American family thus: “Guggenheim and Sons”. The episodes in this family’s economic biography are illustrative of great intelligent efforts, of what initiative has and is still taken to mean, of what it has meant and it still means to successfully scrutinize an economic horizon which is not always generous in promises. “Guggenheim and Sons” represents a beautiful example of a success story in a deeply competitive world, which has not and is not making presents…
Keywords: profit, manufacturing, technologies, exploration, exploitation, expenses, success

• Jonathan Hugues, American Economic History, Scott Foresman and Company, Dallas, Texas…, London, England, 1983.
• Michel Beaud, Histoire du capitalism de 1500 à nos jours/History of capitalism from 1500 to our time, Ed. du Seuil, Paris, 1990.
• Dan Popescu, Istorie economică – Istoria economiei naţionale/Economics History – The History of National Economics, Ed.Continent, 2002.
• Guillame de Bertier, Les titans du capitalisme américane/The titans of the american capitalism, Plou, Paris,1992.

Erwin Wittstock, the Writer. Interview wih Joachim Wittstock

One of the followers of the writer, Joachim Wittstock, is the author of a monographic study concerning the epic work of the writer Erwin Wittstock (born in 1899 in Sibiu, deceased in 1962 in Braşov), a book that appeared in 1974 (at Dacia Publishing House from Cluj Napoca). He has also dealt with the editing of some volumes that entail reprints and unedited aspects related to Erwin Wittstock, and has also striven by means of writing, spoken words and image to contribute to the recognition of his father’s work and life. I’ve managed to develop this interview by appealing to this philologist, born in 1939 in Sibiu where he still lives today, acquantained with the literature of German expresion from Romania.
Keywords: literature of german expresion from Romania, Erwin Wittstock, Joachim Wittstock, interview

Romanian Dilemmas at Beginning of the 20th Century.
Approaches of the Progress: the Nationalism of N. Iorga vs. the Synchronism of E. Lovinescu

After the First World War and the creation of the Greater Romania the question of progress and modernization became more acute than ever for intelectuals from all the areas of Romanian life. This study tackels two options that were taken into account: one expressing a nationalistic view of progress which claimed that the Romanian people must develop themselves through their own resources; the other view stated that the modernization of
Romania implies a process of synchronization to the occidental values and culture and is based on the support and influences from the Western countries. In this context, the aim of the paper is to reconstruct the dispute between the thought of a remarkable nationalistic figure from the 20th century – the historian Nicolae Iorga and the opposite view towards progress expressed by the promoter of synchronism – the literary critic Eugen Lovinescu.
Keywords: Romanian interwar culture, Nicolae Iorga, cultural nationalism, Eugen Lovinescu, the theory of synchronization

• Bădărău, George, Modernismul interbelic/The Interwar Modernism, Institutul European, Iaşi, 2005
• Iorga, Nicolae, Ce este Sămănătorul/What is „Sămănătorul”, în O luptă literară, vol. 1, Ed. Minerva,Bucureşti, 1979 .
• Iorga, Nicolae, Despre drepturile limbii naţionale în statul modern/ About the Rights of the National Language in the Modern State, în O luptă literară, vol.1, Ed. Minerva,Bucureşti, 1979.
• Iorga, Nicolae, O viaţă de om aşa cum a fost/A Man’s Life, the Way It Was, Ed. Minerva, Bucureşti, 1984.
• Iorga, Nicolae, Ce e un naţionalist?/What is a Nationalist?, în Neamul Românesc, III, nr. 132, Vălenii de Munte, 1908.
• Iorga, Nicolae, Împotriva clevetitorilor/Against the Slanders, în O luptă literară, vol. 1, Ed. Minerva, Bucureşti, 1979.
• Livezeanu, Irina, Cultură şi naţionalism în RomâniaMare 1918-1930/ Culture and Nationalism in the Greater Romania 1918-1930, Ed. Humanitas, Bucureşti, 1998.
• Lovinescu, Eugen, Direcţia nouă a d-lui Iorga/ The New Direction of Mr. Iorga, în Opere I, Ed. Minerva, Bucureşti, 1982.
• Lovinescu, Eugen, Literatura şi critica noastră/ Our Literature and Critique, în Opere I, Ed. Minerva, Bucureşti, 1982.
• Lovinescu, Eugen, Problema ţărănismului în literatura noastră/ The Problem of the Peasantry in Our Literature, în Opere I, Ed. Minerva, Bucureşti, 1982.
• Lovinescu, Eugen, Istoria civilizaţiei române moderne/ The History of the Modern Romanian Civilization, Ed. Minerva, Bucureşti, 1997.
• Lovinescu, Eugen, Istoria literaturii române contemporane/ The History of the Contemporary Romanian Literature, vol. 1, Ed. Minerva, Bucureşti, 1981.
• Lovinescu, Eugen, Memorii. Scrieri 2/ Memoirs.Writings 2, Ed. Minerva, Bucureşti, 1970.
• Mihăilescu, Florin, N. Iorga – Biblioteca critică/ N.Iorga – The Critical Library, Ed. Eminescu, Bucureşti,1979.
• Nicoară, Simona, Naţiunea modernă. Mituri, simboluri,ideologii/ The Modern Nation. Miths, Symbols, Ideologies, Ed.Accent, Cluj-Napoca, 2002.
• Oldson, William O., The Historical and Nationalistic Thought of Nicolae Iorga, East European Quarterly,Boulder, 1973.
• Ornea, Zigu, Sămănătorismul/ The „Sămănătorism”,Ed. Minerva, Bucureşti, 1971.
• Ornea, Zigu, Tradiţionalism şi modernitate în deceniul al treilea/ Traditionalism and Modernity in the Third Decade,Ed. Eminescu, Bucureşti, 1980.
• Theodorescu, Barbu, Nicolae Iorga, Ed. Tineretului,Bucureşti, 1968.

Evelyn Waugh. The Past between Nostalgia and Lucidity

This essay analyses some aspects of Waugh’s fiction, being centered upon two of his novels: A Handful of Dust and Brideshead Revisited. Considered either one of the most significant British novelists of his time or some kind of an outsider and peripheral literary figure, Evelyn Waugh succeeds in making up powerful conflicts and convincing characters. Most important, his fiction has always one ever-present preoccupation, mainly the implications of the past, interpreted, from the point of view of the characters or of the author himself, from two perspectives: nostalgia and lucidity.
Keywords: British fiction, past, nostalgia, lucidity, Catholicism

• Evelyn Waugh, Un pumn de ţărână/A Handful of Dust . Traducere şi note de Viorica Boitor, Bucureşti, Editura Leda, 2008.
• Evelyn Waugh, Întoarcere la Brideshead/Brideshead Revisited. Traducere de Mihnea Gafiţa, Bucureşti, Editura Leda, 2009.

A Representation of Death in Exstentialism.

Death is one object of study posing serious problems when trying to capture it by means of a certain methodology. And that is because death is one of the few phenomena we do not have real access to, and when that access really occurs, the knowledge we reach becomes irrelevant since it cannot be further transmitted. Taking all the risks of a study of the imaginary, this research paper aims at providing an analysis of a very special representation of death in existentialism: by one of the most reputed existentialist writers and philosophers: Jean-Paul Sartre. The paper investigates the death, as well as the dying of Sartre, mainly in view of Simone de Beauvoir’s book: La cérémonie des adieux. It outlines the mechanisms by which the attitude towards death engenders a series of cultural, social and aesthetic effects. The approach is an interdisciplinary one, blending in elements of thanatology and touching upon aspects pertaining to literary theory.
Keywords: Existentialism, Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Death, representation, interdisciplinary approach, theory of literature, thanatology

• Ariès, Philippe: L’homme devant la mort/The Man Facing Death. Seuil, 1977.
• Barthes, Roland: Jurnal de doliu/Mouring Diary. Text stabilit şi adnotat de Nathalie Léger, traducere din franceză de Em. Galaicu-Păun. Cartier, 2009.
• Baschet, Claudine et Batailles, Jacques (éditeurs): La mort à vivre. Approches du silence et de la souffrance/Death to Life. Approaches of Silence and Suffering. Autrement, Paris, 1987, « Série Mutations ».
• Baudrillard, Jean: L’échange symbolique et la mort/Symbolic Exchange and Death. Gallimard, 1977.
• Baudry, Patrick: La place des morts. Enjeux et rites/The Place of the Dead. Issues and Rituals. . Armand Colin, Paris, 1999.
• Bauman, Zygmunt: Mortality, Immortality and Other Life Strategies. Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992.
• Beauvoir, Simone de: La cérémonie des adieux suivi de Entretiens avec Jean-Paul Sartre août-septembre 1974/A farewell ceremony, followed by interviews with Jean-Paul Sartre, from August to September 1974. Gallimard, 1981.
• Beauvoir, Simone de: Toţi oamenii sunt muritori/All people are mortal. Traducere de Florica-Eugenia Condurachi, Colecţiile Cotidianul. Literatura. Editura Univers,
  Bucureşti, 2008.
• Brainbrigge, Susan: “La ceremonie des adieux”/”The farewell ceremony” and “Le livre brise/: situating Sartre in the Text, in The Modern Language Review, vol 97, No 4 (oct. 2002),pp. 835-849.
• Bureau, Serge: Aujourd’hui, la mort/Today, the Death. Fides. Radio-Canada Chaine Culturelle FM, Québec, 1996.
• Buzzati, Dino: Marele portret/The great portrait. Traducere şi postfaţă de Cornel Mihai Ionescu. Polirom, 2003.
• Camus, Albert: Faţa şi reversul. Nunta. Mitul lui Sisif. Omul

Tollan – Xicocotitlan (Tula). Toltec’s Capital City

The fall of Teotihuacan, around 750 AD, led to a period of belligerence and separation in the entire central Mexico. A number of large and impressive citadels, protected by walls, were built at Xocicalco in Morales, Cholula in Puebla, Tula in Hidalgo, Cacaxtla or Teotenango. These cities reached a stage of high development between the years 750 and 950 AD – during the so called period of Epi-classic – after which they were abandoned, on grounds
which are still debated by specialists. During the next stage, the so called Early Post-classic, between 950 – 1150 AD, Tula or Tollan, could have claimed, by means of length and power, the right as successor of the great Teotihuacan. The modern interpretations concerning the role of Tollan in the history of Mesoamerica, strike the contradictions between the historical recordings on the fortress and the archaeological discoveries. The paper presents the Ceremonial Centre, with its large pyramids, with the ball courts, or the “Atlantes” statues, as well as the controversies on the potential Toltec influences that go as far as Chichen Itza, in Yucatán.
Keywords: Tula, Tollan, Atlantes, Atlatl, Quetzalcoatl, Toltec, Ball Court Pelota, Pyramide, Morning Star

• García Cubas, Antonio, Ruinas de la antigua Tollan/The Ruins of Ancient Tollan, Revista
  Societăţii Mexicane de Geografie şi Statistică, ediţia a III-a, 1873, Mexic.
• Sahagún, Fray Bernardino, Istoria generală a lucrurilor din Noua Spanie/The general history of the things in New Spain, vol. II, pag. 184, ediţia Porrúa, 1956, Mexic.
• Smith, E., Michael, The Aztecs, Blackwell Publishing, United Kingdom, 2003.
• Coe, D., Michael, Koontz, R., Mexico, from the Olmecs to the Aztecs, Thames & Hudson, London,2003.
• Suarez, Augustin, Zona Arqueologica Tula/Tula, archeological acrea, Museo de sitio Jorge R. Acosta, Tula Alende, 2006.

Stereoscopic image in archaeology

A panoramic image of a site is much needed when archaeological researches are done. Such an image not only can ease up one`s work, but it can also lead to new research directions. This type of image is provided by aerial photo. But, when there exist the possibility of looking again at that panoramic image and of perceiving the site dimensions or the possibility of showing that image to other persons, the advantage is even higher. This thing is
possible due to the stereoscopic image. Stereoscopic image can be used in order to get the image of artifacts in space. Firstly, these images can easily reach any country and different scientists, in order to be studied and compared with other objects. Secondly, data basis and virtual exhibitions can be created. Then, considering the fact that oxygen and long light exposure can deteriorate certain artifacts, such objects can be exhibited through stereoscopic image. Stereoscopic image, along with other innovative research methods, like teledetection, contribute to the image of interdisciplinary science of archaelogy.
Keywords: stereoscopic imagine, archeology researces, aerial photo, panoramic imagine, virtual exibitions

• Bejenaru, Matei. (2007) Introducere în fotografie/Introduction in Potography. Iaşi: Editura Polirom.
• Ciuta, Marius-Mihai (2006). Metode si tehnici tradiţionale şi moderne de cercetare în arheologie. Note de curs/Traditonal and Modern Techniques and Methods of Research in Archeology. Course Notes Alba Iulia.
• Novac, Mircea, (1973). Fotografia de la A la Z Photography from A to Z. Bucureşti: Editura Tehnică.Michael, Beech. Super Stereo 3D.
• Michael, Beech. (2008) Digital 3D Stereo Guide Book.
• Iarovici, Eugen. (1977) Măiestria în fotografie/Skils in Photography. Bucureşti: Editura Tehnică
• Hedgecoe, Jon (2003) The new manual of Photography. Londra: Editura Dorling Kindersley Limitedt
• Negrea Ioan. (1984) Lecţia de fotografie/The Photography Lesson.. Bucureşti: Editura Albatros

Resurse Web

• http://archaero.com/
• http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/project/goodguides/apandrs/
• http://www.foto-magazin.ro/despre-fotografie_open.php?art=despre-fotografie_stereoscopic.php
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anaglyph_example_graph.png
• http://www.rpm.or.jp/home/h-kouno/ -3dphotose.htm

New Publications about the Saxons from the South-Western Germany

In 1999 and 2009 there have been published two consistent books about the Saxons from the south-western Germany, originary from Transylvania. In these works have been published data and opinions about their past and present.The book from 1999 is even more comprising as it entails 31 authors (459 pages), with articles related to the different aspects of the activities, while the book from 2009 entails only seven authors (207 pages). The volumes are rich illustrated with colour images from the exhibitions that have taken place.The first volume has been coordinated by Johann Lauer, and the second by the Germanist Siegfried Habicher from Sibiu. Both volumes have the title „Siebenbürger Sachsen in Baden-Württemberg” (Saşii din Baden-Württemberg).
Keywords: associations, Saxons, traditions, emigration, reunions

• Johann Lauer, Siebenbürger Sachsen in Baden-Württemberg/Transilvanian Saxons in Baden-Würtemberg(Saşii din Baden-Württemberg), 1999, 459 p.
• Siegfried Habicher, Siebenbürger Sachsen in Baden-Württemberg/Transilvanian Saxons in Baden-Würtemberg(Saşii din Baden-Württemberg), 2009, 207 p.