The Byzantine Court Ceremonial And Its Impact On The French Suite During The Second Crusade
The study presents the French campaign during the second crusade with a special focus on the Byzantine ceremonial and how it was perceived by the chronic of Odo de Deuil. I try to analyze the way the ceremonial affected the relations between Louis VII. and Manuel Comnenos and if it had any impact on the future developing of the Latin psychological propaganda against Byzantium in the second part of the 12th century. The cause for the deterioration of the French-Byzantine relations was not the court ceremonial but the military failure of Louis VII. His defeat should have been justified in the Occident by the initiators of the crusade. The total collapse of the second crusade was the reason for the increased antibyzantine propaganda which is going to dominate the second half of the 12th century. The consequence for that was the military unfulfilment not the interpretation of the court ceremonial.
Keywords: Odo de Deuil, crusade, Louis VII., ceremonial, rituals, Constantinople, Manuel Comnenos.
1.[1] Odo de Deuil, , De profectione Ludovici VII. in orientem. The Journey of Louis VII. to the East, New York, 1968, p. 49-52.
2.[1] Ibid., p. 54.
3.[1] Ibid., p. 56.
4.[1] Ibid., p. 57.
5.[1] Ibid.
6.[1] Ibid., p. 78.
7.[1] V. G. Berry, The second crusade; 468-471; in: A History of the Crusades, ed. K. M. Setton, Philadelphia, 1955, p. 463-512; Jonathan Phillips, The second Crusade. Scope and Consequences, Manchester, 2003, p. 56.
8.[1] Jean Kinnamos, Chronique, tr. J. Rosenblum, Paris, 1972 p. 149-151.
9.[1] Ibid., p. 153.
10.[1] Odo de Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII. in orientem. The Journey of Louis VII. to the East, p. 106-107.
11.[1] Ibid., p. 112-113.
12.[1] Ibid., p. 119.
13.[1] Jean Kinnamos, Chronique, p. 114.
14.[1] Odo de Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII. in orientem, p. 103-106.
15.[1] Ibid., p. 121.
16.[1] Ibid., p. 123-124.
17.[1] Ibid., p. 129.
18.[1] Ibid., p. 133.
19.[1] Ibid., p. 134.
20.[1] H. Hunger, Graeculus perfidus-Italos itamos. Il senso dell´alterità nei rapporti Greco-Romani ed Italo-Bizantini; con un´ introduzione di O. Kresten (Conferenze 4), Roma, 1987, p. 86; Otto Treitinger, Die oströmische Kaiser und Reichsidee nach ihrer Gestaltung im höfischen Zeremoniell, Darmstadt, 1969, p. 155.
21.[1] Odo de Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII. in orientem, p. 135.
22.[1] Jean Kinnamos, Chronique, p. 159.
23.[1] Odo de Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII. in orientem, p. 139-142.
24.[1] Niketas Choniates, Historia, ed. J. Dieten, Berlin, 1975, p. 197.
25.[1] Odo de Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII. in orientem, p. 144.
26.[1] Ibid., p. 141.
27.[1] Ibid., p. 149.
28.[1] Donald Matthew, The Norman Kingdom of Sicily, Cambridge, 1992, p. 96-98; V.G. Berry, The Second Crusade, p. 489-490.
29.[1] Odo de Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII. in orientem, p. 147.
30.[1] Ralph Lilie, Byzanz und die Kreuzfahrerstaaten. Studien zur Politik des Byzantinischen Reiches gegenüber den Staaten der Kreuzfahrer in Syrien und Palästina bis zum vierten Kreuzzug (1096-1204), München, 1981, p. 182-184.
31.[1] Odo de Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII. in orientem, p. 144.
32.[1] Ibid., p. 92, 123.
33.[1] Ibid., p. 149.
34.[1] Ibid., p. 150.
35.[1] Ibid., p. 146.
36.[1] Ralph Lilie, Byzanz und die Kreuzfahrerstaaten, p. 133.
37.[1] Odo de Deuil, De profectione Ludovici VII. in orientem, p. 151.
38.[1] Ibid., p. 159.
39.[1] V.G. Berry, The Second Crusade, p. 503-505;
40.[1] Jean Kinnamos, Chronique, p. 231-233.
41.[1] Suger, Abbot of Saint Denis, The Deeds of Louis the Fat, ed. & tr. Jean Dunbabin, John Moorhead, 1992, p. 19-23.
42.[1] Guillaume de Tyr, Chronique. Historia rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum, Brepols, 1986, p. 164.
43.[1] Paul Magdalino, The Phenomen Of Manuel I. Komnenos, p. 199; in: Byzantium And The West c. 850-1200, Amsterdam, 1988, p. 171-201.
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