Historical images of nowadays Romanian Cities printed in Antwerp
Many specialists have studied the “Printing Revolution”, as well as the importance of the production and the trade of books. Images of Romanian cities have been made on a wide range of supports, but the vast majority of them were printed images. The oldest images of Romanian cities were the views of Oradea and Cluj, from Georg Brauns Civitates Orbis Terrarum, made by Georg (or Joris) Hoefnagel, artist born in Antwerp. The work itself is strongly related with this famous centre, trough Abraham Ortelius’s Theatrum orbis terrarium, printed there. While Civitates and Hoefnagel’s activity is well known, Gaspar Boutats, Jacob Harrewijn and Jacob Peeters, who as well represented cities from nowadays Romania, are almost unknown to Romanian historiography. Their images seem to be “head series” for a type of representations that circulated for two centuries. This paper intends to study these images, together with the books in which they have been printed. Both images and books were created in the 17th century Antwerp.
Keywords: Antwerp, books, city views, historical images, printing press.
1. The Centre for Urban History (CSG) at the University of Antwerp, la http://www.ua.ac.be/main. aspx ?c =.CSG,Antwerp, la http://www.ua.ac.be/main. aspx ?c =.CSG, accesat la 13 decembrie 2011.
2. Erfgoedbibliotheek Hendrik Conscience, la http://www. consciencebibliotheek.be/, accesat la 13 decem brie 2011.
3. Kristina Hartzer Nguyen, The Made Landscape: City and Country in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Prints, în Harvard University Art Museums Bulletin, 1, 1, 1992, p. 11.
4. Johannes Keuning, The “Civitates” of Braun and Hogenberg, în Imago Mundi, 17, 1963, p. 41.
5. 546 de prospecte, vederi planimetrice şi în zbor de pasăre ale oraşelor din toată lumea. James Elliot, The City in Maps: Urban Mapping to 1900, The British Library, London, 1987, p. 26.
6. Lucia Nuti, The Perspective Plan in the Sixteenth Century: The Invention of a Representational Language, în The Art Bulletin, 76, 1, 1994, p. 105; James Elliot, op. cit., p. 26.
7. Johannes Keuning, op. cit., p. 42.
8. James Elliot, op. cit., p. 27.
9. Sergey Androssov, Two drawings by Hoefnagel, în The Burlington Magazine, 136, 1095, 1994, p. 371. Johannes Keuning, op. cit., p. 43.
10. Sergey Androssov, op. cit., p. 371.
11. James Elliot, op. cit., p. 26. Johannes Keuning, op. cit., p. 42.
12. Johannes Keuning, op. cit., p. 44.
13. Ibidem, p. 106.
14. Chen Tzoref-Ashkenazi, The Experienced Traveller as a Professional Author: Friedrich Ludwig Langstedt, Georg Forster and Colonialism Discourse in Eighteenth-Century Germany, în History, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 95, 317, 2010, p. 2-3.
15. Leonora Navari, Vincenzo Coronelli and the Iconography of the Venetian Conquest of the Morea: A Study in Illustrative Methods, în The Annual of the British School at Athens, 90, 1995, p. 508 şi nota 16.
16. Ibidem, p. 510 şi nota 22.
17. Jakobus Peeters, Korte Beschryvinghe ende aen-wy sin ghe der Plaetsen in desfn Boeck, met hunnen teghenwoordingen Standt, éperti nen tlijck uytghebeldt, in Oostenryck, Antwepen, 1690.
18. Kriegs Archiv Wien, cota H III c 98-6 α.
19. Potrivit lui Ioan C. Băcilă, imaginea cu Oradea este planşa 32, Timişoara – pl. 35, Cluj – pl. 36 şi Satu Mare pl. 49.
20. Description des principales Villes, Havres & Illes du Golfe de Venise du coté Oriental, comme aussi des Villes & Fortreresses de la More’s & quelques Places de la Grece, & des Illes principales de l’Archipel & Fortresses d’icelles, & caluitie quelques Places renommées de la Terre Saincte, & autres desssous la Domination Ottomanne vers le Midy & l’Orient , & quelques pri ncipales Villes en Perse et le Regne du Grand Mogol, le tout en Abreggè. Mis en lumiere par Jaques Peeters en Anvers sur Marche des vieux Souliers, [Antwerpen, 1690], de data acesta cu 40 de pagini de text explicativ, urmat de numeroase planşe. Thooneel der steden ende sterckten van t’Vereenight Nederlandt met d’nengrensende plaetsen soo in Brabandt, Vlaenderen als anden Rhÿn en elders verovert door de Waepenen der Groot-moghende Heeren Staeten onder het gheleÿ vande seer Edele Hooghghebore Princen vā Oranien = Theatre des Villes et Fortresses des Provinces Unies et frontieres tant en Brabrant, Flandre, qu’au Rhin et autres parts, conquestees par les Armes des Srs. Estats Genereaux soubs le conduit des tres-nobles et tres-illustres Princes d’Orange. Cu dedicaţia „Gheteeckent door I. Peeters ende ghemaeckt met sterek waeter door Ga. Bovttats; woenende aen de Borse inde H. Ma. Magdalena de Pazzi tot Antwerpen, alwaer de selue te Coop Zyn”.
21. Ioan C. Băcilă, Stampe privitoare la Istoria Românilor, în Anuarul de Istorie Naţională Cluj, V, 1928–1930, p. 175-306.
22. Paul Cernovodeanu, O vedere a ora şului Bucureşti din anul 1688, în Materiale de istorie şi muzeografie, VIII, 1971, p. 121-127 şi Biblioteca Bucureştilor, I, nr. 9, 1998, p. 2-4.
