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Ana Maria Roman Negoi, Ioan Cristinel Roman Negoi, Surse ale mitului bunului împărat. „Iosif al II-lea şi Curtea sa“ – un roman istoric de Luise Mühlbach

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Magazine: 5-6 / 2012
Date: 2012
Ana Maria ROMAN NEGOI / Ioan Cristinel ROMAN NEGOI
Universitatea „ 1 Decembrie 1918“ din Alba Iulia, Centrul de Cercetări Istorice şi Politologice „Iuliu Maniu” „1st December 1918” University of Alba Iulia, „Iuliu Maniu” Historical and Politological Research Center
romannegoianamaria@yahoo.com

Abstract

Sources of the good emperor’s myth. „Joseph the IInd and his Court”, a historical novel by Luise Mühlbach

The historiography about the Emperor Joseph II is extremely rich. Historical papers about him and his époque are found in the German, French and American cultural areas. In addition to these scientific sources, there were other legends which, in the Transylvanian area finally led to formation of the myth of the good emperor. This paper aims at debating the historical novel “Joseph II and his Court”, published between 1856 and 1857 by German writer Luise Mühlbach. This novel was well received in European and American cultural environments and it probably created the favourable grounds for the great synthesis of the German and American historiography that had as subject the reign of Emperor Joseph II. The present article aims to present this novel as a possible source which refreshed the myth of the good emperor among Romanians in Transylvania by the end of the nineteenth century.

Keywords: Joseph II, Luise Mühlbach, historical novel, Joseph II and his Court, historical source, Maria Teresa

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Note bibliografice

  1. [1] Pentru bibliografia europeană despre Iosif al II-lea în istoriografia românească vezi: Petre Din, Mitul lui Iosif al II-lea în sensibilitatea colectivă a românilor ardeleni, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Napoca Star, 2003; Ioan Horga, Contribuţii la cunoaşterea Jozefinismului provincial, Oradea, Editura Universităţii din Oradea, 2000.
  2. [1]Alfred von Arneth, Maria Theresia und Joseph II. Ihre Correspondenz sammt Briefen Joseph’s an seinen Bruder Leopold, Herausgegeben von Alfred Ritter von Arneth, Band 1-3, Wien, Druck und verlag von Carl Gerold’s sohn, 1867-1868.
  3. [1]Adam Wolf, Aus dem Hofleben Maria Theresias Nach dem Memorien des Fürsten Joseph Khevenhüller, Wien, 1858.
  4. [1]Ferdinand Maaß, Der Josephinismus. Quellen zu seiner Geschichte in Österreich 1760-1790. Amtliche Dokumente aus dem Wiener Haus- Hof- und Staatsarchiv, Wien, Verlag Herold, Band I-V, 1951-1961.
  5. [1] Eduard Winter, Der Josefinismus. Die Geschichte des österreichischen Reformkatholizismus.1740-1848, Berlin, Rütten & Loening Verlag, 1962.
  6. [1]Fritz Valjavec, Der Josephinismus. Zur Geistigen Entwicklung Österreichs im 18 und 19 Jahrhundert, Brün-München-Wien, Rudolf M. Rohrer Verlag, 1944
  7. [1] Paul von Mitrofanov, Joseph II. Seine politische und Kulturelle Tätigkeit, vol. I-II, Viena, 1910.
  8. [1] Carlile Aylmer Macartney , The Habsburg Empire 1790-1918, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969.
  9. [1] Victor L. Tapiè,  The Rise and Fall of the Habsburg Monarchy, New York, 1971.
  10. [1] Robert. A. Kann, The multinational empire: nationalism and national reform in the Habsburg monarchy, 1848-1918, vol. I., Michigan, 1964.
  11. [1]Jean Bérenger, Istoria Imperiului Habsburgilor (1273-1918), Traducere de Nicolae Baltă, Bucureşti, Editura Universitas, 2000.
  12. [1] Derek Beales, Joseph II: In the shadow of Maria Theresa,1741-1780, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1987.
  13. [1] Saul K. Padover, The Revolutionay Emperor: Joseph II of Austria, London, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1976.
  14. [1] François Fejtö, Joseph II un Habsbourg révolutionnaire, Paris, Librairie Académique Perrin, 1982.
  15. [1]Antony Lentin, Enlightened Absolutism (1760-1790). A Documentary Source Book, London, 1985, p. 5-6 (Kaunitz on Joseph II).
  16. [1] Karl A. Roider, Maria Theresa, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1973.
  17. [1] Franz A. J. Szabo, Kaunitz and enlightened absolutism, 1753-1780, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  18. [1] Georg Lukács, Romanul istoric, Bucureşti, Minerva, 1978, p.7-16.
  19. [1]Despre autoare vezi: Cornelia Tönnesen, Die Vormärz-Autorin Luise Mühlbach : vom sozialkritischen Frühwerk zum historischen Roman, Neuss,  Editura Ahasvera , 1997; William H. McClain, Clara Mundts Briefe an Hermann Costenoble, în: Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens, vol. XXII. Frankfurt am Main 1981, p. 918-1250; Herbert Treadwell Wade, The New International Encyclopaedia, Dodd, Mead & Company, 1922, p.390-391.
  20. [1] Herlinde Cayzer, Feminist Awakening: Ida von Hahn-Hahn’s ‘Gräfin Faustine’ and Luise Mühlbach’s ‘Aphra Behn’, , Brisbane, Univ. Diss. Queensland , 2007, p.160-162.
  21. [1] Liselotte E. Kurth- Voigt, William H. McClain, Louis Mühlbach’s Historical Novels: The American Reception, în: Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur (IASL) , Volum 6 (1), 1981, p.1-26; la:  http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/de-gruyter/louise-m-hlbach-s-historical-novels-the-american-reception-kijd2rD0NF (consultat la data de 15 decembrie 2011)
  22. [1] Datele sunt doar orientative, multe dintre lucrările autoarei sunt publicate în ediţii pirat în perioada secolului al XIX-lea şi începutul secolului a-lXX-lea. Informaţii de la: http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81-119664 (consultat la 16 decembrie 2011)
  23. [1]Luise Mühlbach, Kaiser Joseph der Zweite und sein Hof. Historischer Roman, Berlin, Janke 1856-1857; Bd. 1. Kaiser Joseph und Maria Theresa;  Bd. 2. Kaiser Joseph und Marie Antoinette;  Bd. 3. Kaiser Joseph als Selbstherrscher.
  24. [1] Luise Mühlbach, Joseph II and His Court, Mobile, S.G. Goetzel & Co., 1864.
  25. [1]  S.H.Goetzel era un cetăţean austriac stabilit în Statele Unite. Informaţii despre activitatea sa publicistică în: Cathleen A. Baker, The Enterprinsing S.H. Goetzel: Antebellum and Civil War Publisher in Mobile, Alabama, la: http://www.legacy-press.com/other%20files/S_H_Goetzel.pdf  (consultat la data de 17 decembrie 2011)
  26. [1] Pentru succesul Luisei Mühlbach în Statele Unite vezi: James D. Hart,  The Popular Book, Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1963; Henry A. Pochmann, German Culture in America, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press 1957, p. 346-350.
  27. [1] John William Tebbel, A History of Book Publishing in the United States; Vol. II: The Expansion of an Industry 1865-1919, New York, R. R. Bowker, 1975, p. 200-2006.
  28. Romanul a fost ulterior publicat în 1867 de către o altă editură în condiţii grafice deosebite.  Această lucrare va sta la baza majorităţii ediţiilor americane din secolul al XIX-lea şi va fi publicat de către William Worth Appleton, un mare editor american, care a contractat 20 de romane ale autoarei.
  29. [1] Informaţii de la: http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81-119664  (consultat la 16 decembrie 2011)
  30. [1] Lucrarea s-a editat în Statele Unite în diferiţi ani ca: 1893, 1898, 1901, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010.
  31. [1] Lucrarea s-a editat în Germanai în diferiţi ani ca: 1860, 1868, 1893, 1923, 2008, 2010.
  32. [1] Luise Mühlbach Joseph II and His Court, Ney York, D. Appleton & Company , 1867,  353 p.
  33. [1] Ibidem, p.1.
  34. [1]Ibidem, p.20.
  35. [1] Ibidem, p.48.
  36. [1] Ibidem, p.108.
  37. [1] Ibidem, p.192.
  38. [1] Ibidem, p.275.
  39. [1] Astfel, în capitolul, Horja and the Rebellion in Hungary, autoarea  face o serie de greşeli confundând naţiolitatea lui Horea pe care îl descrie ca fiind maghiar.

Bibliografie

  • Din, Petre. Mitul lui Iosif al II-lea în sensibilitatea colectivă a românilor ardeleni/ Joseph the IInd’s myth in the collective sensibility of Transylvanian Romanian, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Napoca Star, 2003.
  • Macartney, Carlile Aylmer. The Habsburg Empire 1790-1918, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969.
  • Tapiè,Victor L. The Rise and Fall of the Habsburg Monarchy, New York, 1971.
  • Kann, Robert. A. The multinational empire: nationalism and national reform in the Habsburg monarchy, 1848-1918, vol. I., Michigan, 1964.
  • Beales, Derek. Joseph II: In the shadow of Maria Theresa,1741-1780, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1987.
  • Padover, Saul K. The Revolutionay Emperor: Joseph II of Austria, London, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1976.
  • Roider, Karl A.  Maria Theresa, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1973.
  • Szabo, Franz A. J. Kaunitz and enlightened absolutism, 1753-1780, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
  • Cayzer, Herlinde. Feminist Awakening: Ida von Hahn-Hahn’s ‘Gräfin Faustine’ and Luise Mühlbach’s ‘Aphra Behn’, , Brisbane, Univ. Diss. Queensland , 2007, p.160-162.
  • Hart, James D.  The Popular Book, Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1963.
  • Pochmann, Henry A. German Culture in America, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press 1957.
  • Mühlbach, Luise. Joseph II and His Court, Mobile, S.G. Goetzel & Co., 1864.