Romanian Literature as a Transnational Phenomenon

The present article seeks to present succinctly the current state of literary studies in the Romanian cultural and academic space. Following the different paradigm shifts in Western literary theory, be it “the transnational turn”, “the spatial turn” or recent developments in the field of World Literature studies, the paper tries to explain not only today’s developments in critical trends, but also the conditions of the reception of these methodological turns in Romania. In what follows, I will provide a concise exposition of the most recent collective research projects developed in Romania, analysing their premises and anticipating their potential fulfilments for the evolution of critical theory in the autochthonous space.

Keywords: Romanian literature, Romanian literary studies, transnational studies, World Literature, translation studies

Baghiu, Ștefan. “Translating Novels in Romania: The Age of Socialist Realism. From an Ideological Center to Geographical Margins”. Studia UBB Philologia, LXI, 1, 2016.

Bâlici, Mihnea. “The Emergence of Quantitative Studies. Actual Functionalities and the Romanian Case.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory, 4.2 (2018), DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2018.6.04.

Bode, Katherine. Reading by Numbers. London: Anthem Press, 2014.

Casanova, Pascale. Republica mondială a literelor [The World Republic of Letters]. București: Curtea Veche, 2007.

Cornis-Pope, Marcel. The Unfinished Battles: Romanian postmodernism before and after 1989. Iași: Polirom, 1996.

Gârdan, Daiana. “Evoluția romanului erotic din prima jumătate a secolului al XX-lea. Între exercițiu și canonizare”. Transilvania, 7 (2018).

Gârdan, Daiana. “The Great (Female) Unread. Romanian Women Novelists in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: A Quantitative Approach”. Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory, 4, 1 (2018), DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2018.5.07.

Jockers, Matthew L. Macroanalysis. Digital Methods & Literary History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2013.

Lazăr, Marius. Paradoxuri ale modernizării. Elemente pentru o sociologie a elitelor culturale românești [Paradoxes of Modernization. Elements for a Sociology of Romanian Cultural Elites]. Limes: Cluj-Napoca, 2002.

Macrea-Toma, Ioana. Privilighenția. Instituții literare în comunismul românesc. Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărții de Știință, 2009.

Martin, Mircea, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, eds. Romanian Literature as World Literature. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.

Moretti, Franco. Distant Reading. London: Verso, 2013.

Sass, Maria, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, eds. The Culture of Translation in Romania/ Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Anti-colonization and Self-colonization: A Cause-Effect Relationship.The Case of Translations

This study sets out to analyze the concept of self-colonization, theorized by Alexander Kiossev, as a phenomenon caused either by colonial or national constraints. To put it another way, self-colonization becomes a form of anti-colonization and anti-nationalism. The studies on translation published by Andrei Terian, Cosmin Borza and Ștefan Baghiu in The Culture of Translation in Romania represent the starting point for this approach. On the one hand, I focused on the cultural politics promoted by the leaders of the Romanian populist movements. The numerous translations of literary works belonging even to peripheral cultures represent a form of self-colonization. In this case, the self-subordination attitude is caused by the attempt to counterbalance the monopoly of French culture. On the other hand, the same strategy can be observed during the second half of the 20th century, when the translation of texts belonging to Western cultures aimed at avoiding both the Soviet colonization and the national-communist doctrine.

Keywords: anti-colonization, anti-nationalism, self-colonization, Alexander Kiossev, translations.

Baer, Brian James. “Introduction: Cultures of Translation.” In Contexts, Subtexts and Pretexts. Literary translation in Eastern Europe and Russia, edited by Brian James Baer, 1-15. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011.

Baghiu, Ștefan. “Strong Domination and Subtle Dispersion: A Distant Reading of Novel Translation in Communist Romania (1944-1989).” In The Culture of Translation in Romania/ Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, 63-84. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Baghiu, Ștefan. “Translating Novels in Romania: The Age of Socialist Realism. From an Ideological Center to Geographical Margins.” Studia UBB Philologia, vol. LXI, 1 (2016): 5-18. 

Barițiu, George. “Cărți, cititori.” In Din istoria teoriei și a criticii literare românești: 1812-1866, edited by George Ivașcu, 315-321. București: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, 1967.

Borza, Cosmin. “Translating Against Colonization. Romanian Populists’ Plea for Peripheral Literatures.” In The Culture of Translation in Romania/ Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, 31-45. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Casanova, Pascale. Republica Mondială a Literelor [The World Republic of Letters], translated by Cristina Bîzu. București: Art, 2016.

Cornea, Paul. Conceptul de istorie în cultura românească [The Concept of History in Romanian Culture]. București: Eminescu, 1978.

Damrosch, David. “Translation and National Literature.” In A Companion to Translation Studies, edited by Sandra Bermann and Catherine Porter, 349-360. Wiley Blackwell, 2014.

Even-Zohar, Itamar. “The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem”. Polysystem Studies, Poetics Today, vol. 11, no. 1, 1990.

Iorga, N. “Traduceri.” In Nicolae Iorga, O luptă literară, vol. 1, edited by Valeriu Râpeanu. București: Minerva, 1979.

Kiossev, Alexander, “The Self-colonizing Metaphor.” in Atlas of Transformation (2011). http://monumenttotransformation.org/atlas-of-transformation/html/s/self-colonization/the-self-colonizing-metaphor-alexander-kiossev.html.

Kiossev, Alexander. “Notes on Self-colonising Cultures.” in Cultural Aspects of the Modernisation Process, edited by Dimitri Ginev, Francis Sejersted, Kostadinka Simeonova. Oslo: TMV-Centeret, 1995.

Kogălniceanu, M. “Introducere la ‘Dacia literară’.” In Din istoria teoriei și a criticii literare românești: 1812-1866, edited by George Ivașcu, 291-293. București: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, 1967.

Sass Maria, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, eds. The Culture of Translation in Romania/ Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018

Spiridon, Monica. “Models of literary and cultural identity on the margins of (post)modernity: The case of pre-1989 Romania.” In History of the literary cultures of East-Central Europe: junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries, edited by Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, 65-70. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004.

Terian, Andrei. “National Literature, World Literatures, and Universality in Romanian Cultural Criticism 1867-1947.” CLBWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 15.5 (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.2344.

Terian, Andrei. “Translating the World, Building the Nation: Microtheories of Translation in Romanian Cultural Criticism (1829-1948).” In The Culture of Translation in Romania/ Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, 19-29. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Terian, Andrei. Critica de export. București: Muzeul Național al Literaturii Române, 2013.

Todorova, Maria. Imagining the Balkans. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Ursa, Mihaela. “Made in Translation: A National Poetics for the Transnational World.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, Andrei Terian, 309-325. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.

Recent Quantitative Studies in Romania. Between Institutional Analysis and the Topic of Translation

The aim of this study is to analyze the usage of quantitative methods in Romania’s contemporary literary studies. In spite of the general reluctance to any positivist approach to literary phenomena, this paper shows that recent quantitative studies have been useful to discovering and understanding certain aspects of Romania’s literary history. There are two identified functionalities of quantitative methods after 2000: one is institutional analysis, which is focused on interpreting statistical data on economic and sociological literary factors; the other takes interest in the number and frequency of literary publications and translations, in order to explain the evolution and circulation of forms, literary structures and plots in relationship to a given historical context. It is necessary to comprehend what are these quantitative studies’ objectives, limits and problematizations in the case of a peripheral culture and how they can open up local literary studies to a new perspective on the literary system. Therefore, this thesis both indexes the latest autochthonous quantitative studies and examines their functions and results.

Keywords: quantitative studies, macroanalysis, institutional analysis, translation studies, polysystem theory

Baghiu, Ștefan, “Strong Domination and Subtle Dispersion: A Distant Reading of Novel Translation in Communist Romania (1944-1989).” In The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Baghiu, Ștefan. “Translating Novels in Romania: The Age of Socialist Realism. From an Ideological Center to Geographical Margins.” Studia UBB Philologia, LXI, 1, 2016.

Even-Zohar, Itamar, “Polysystem Theory, Polysystem Studies”, Poetics Today 11:1 (1990).

Gârdan, Daiana. “Evoluția romanului erotic din prima jumătate a secolului al XX-lea. Între exercițiu și canonizare.” Transilvania, 7 (2018).

Gârdan, Daiana. “The Great (Female) Unread. Romanian Women Novelists in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: A Quantitative Approach.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory, 4.1 (July 2018), DOI: 10.24193/mjcst.2018.5.07.

Jockers, Matthew L. Macroanalysis: Digital Methods and Literary History. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2013.

Macrea-Toma, Ioana. Privilighenția. Instituții literare în comunismul românesc. Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărții de Știință, 2009

Modoc, Emanuel. “Traveling Avant-Gardes. The Case of Futurism in Romania.” In The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Moretti, Franco. Graphs, maps, trees. Abstract Models for a Literary History. London: Verso, 2005.

Olaru, Ovio. “Translating Nordic Noir Bestsellers. Towards a Comparative View on German and Romanian Markets.” In The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Pojoga, Vlad. “A Survey of Poetry Translations in Romanian Periodicals (1990-2015).” In The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Forms of Cultural Mediation in the Translation Studies Discourse

Translation and comparative studies seem to have one central aspect in common: the mechanisms of exportability. The strategies employed in these fields of study point towards this tendency. This paper proposes a survey into the localised model of Romanian translation studies in order to attempt to examine the new criteria specific to the contemporary trends. Globalization, the digital era and cultural mediation have proven, time and again, that contemporary literary studies work towards breaking the boundaries of national pattern. It would seem that recent endeavours in the field of translation studies build towards preserving the models of cultural mediation, which are nowadays linked to transnational phenomena. My study, therefore, aims to delve into this theoretical and methodological trend and tries to explain a few patterns in the methodologies used in a few recent studies.

Keywords: translation studies, transnational studies, cultural mediation, digital methods, intercultural dialogue

Badea Lungu, Georgiana, Scurtă istorie a traducerii. Repere traductologice. Timișoara: Editura Universității de Vest, 2007.

Bandia, Paul F. “Translocation: Translation, Migration, and the Relocation of Cultures”. In A Companion to Translation Studies, edited by Sandra Bermann, Catherine Porter, 273-85. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.

Bermann, Sandra, and Cathrine Porter, eds. A Companion to Translation Studies. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.

Casanova, Pascale, Republica mondială a Literelor. Traducere de Cristina Bîzu. București: Curtea Veche, 2007.

Ciorogar, Alex. “Beyond Print and Invisibility: Translatorship in the Age of Digital Globalization”. In The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, 243-54. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Coroian Goldiș, Andreea. “Editorial Fiction: Local Issues and Global Relevance in French and Romanian Literature.” In The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, 205-13. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Damrosch, David, What Is World Literature?. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.

Gîță, Iulia Elena. “Chinese Literature in Romanian Translation: Fidelity v. Artistic Coherence in Yu Hua’s Huózhe”. In The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, 215-30. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Lungu Badea, Georgiana. “Despre formarea unei conștiințe traductive și încercarea de standardizare a procesului de traducere”. In Un capitol de traductologie românească. Studii de istorie a traducerii (III), edited by Georgiana Lungu Badea, 23-78. Timișoara: Editura Universității de Vest, 2008.

Martin Anca-Simina. “There’s a Double Tongue in Cheek: On the Un(Translatability) of Shakespeare’s Bawdy Puns into Romanian”. American, British and Canadian Studies 2, 2017: 169-189.

Martin, Anca Simina. “Foreignizing Shakespeare’s Bawdy Multilingual Puns in Communist and Post-Communist Romania”. In The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Stefan Baghiu,  and Vlad Pojoga, 175-87. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Olaru, Ovio. “Translating Nordic Noir Bestsellers. Towards a Comparative View on German and Romanian Markets”. In The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, 231-41. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Schippel, Larisa. “Traducerea imperială și traducerea națională. Metadiscursuri și procese reale de traducere din secolul al XIX-lea”. In Studii de traductologie românească I. Discurs traductiv, discurs metatraductiv, edited by Georgiana Lungu Badea and Nadia Obrocea.  Timișoara: Editura Universității de Vest, 2017.

Stanislav, Cătălina. “Sexual Language in Translation. An Analysis Based on Male v. Female Authored Novels”. In The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Stefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, 189-204. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Ursa, Mihaela. “Made in Translation: A National Poetics for the Transnational World”. In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, 309-44. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.

Volceanov, George. “Appropriating through Translation: Shakespeare Translations in Communist Romania”. In Translation Studies: Retrospective and Prospective, edited by Floriana Popescu, 138-146. Galați: Editura Fundației Universitare „Dunărea de Jos”, 2006.

Intersections and Influences: Translation, Romanian Literature, and World Literature

The aim of this paper is to present the contribution of the volume The Culture of Translation in Romania to both the scholarly debates on translation studies and world literature. The three sections of the volume focus on the theory, practice and reception of translation from a Romanian cultural perspective. Although it is conceived as an attempt to highlight the need for a shift of perspective in Romanian translation studies, the wide variety of approaches and literary works that are tackled in this volume open up to a world literature and therefore leads to a debate on the link between these two theoretical approaches.

Keywords: translation studies, world literature, literary import/export, Central and Eastern Europe, Romanian cultural perspective, minor literatures.

Damrosch, David, What Is World Literature?. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.

Deleuze, Gilles, Félix Guattari, Mii de platouri [A Thousand Plateaus]. Traducere din limba franceză de Bogdan Ghiu. București: Art, 2013.

Eckermann, Peter Johann, Convorbiri cu Goethe în ultimii ani ai vieții sale [Conversations with Goethe]. Traducere de Lazăr Iliescu. București: Editura pentru Literatură Universală, 1965.

Lungu-Badea, Idei și metaidei traductive românești (secolele al XVI-lea – al XXI-lea) [Ideas and Metaideas of Romanian Translation (from the 16th Century to the 21st Century)]. Ediția a II-a. Timișoara: Editura Universității de Vest din Timișoara, 2015.

Martin, Mircea, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, eds. Romanian Literature as World Literature. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.

Pizer, John. The Idea of World Literature. Baton Rouge: Lousiana State University Press, 2006.

Sass, Maria, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, eds. The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.

Terian, Andrei, Critica de export. Teorii, contexte, ideologii. București: Editura Muzeul Național al Literaturii Române, 2013.

Ungureanu, Delia, “Interview with Nicolas Cavaillès, Translator of Romanian Contemporary Literatrue into French”. Journal of World Literature 3, no. 1 (2018): 112-116.

Ungureanu, Delia, “A Conversation with Jean Harris”. Journal of World Literature 3, no. 1 (2018): 117-125.

Theory/Literature/Culture. The Legacy of Literary Theory in the “Post-Theoretical” Age*

In After Theory, Terry Eagleton claimed that literary and cultural studies are now in their post-theoretical age. Since then, more and more voices have echoed his statement. As Jonathan Culler put it as early as 2000 (The Literary in Theory), we are very much aware of the end of our faith in “high theory.” However, this proves not only that theory isn’t dead yet, but also that theory, be it literary or cultural, lives on implicitly or rather explicitly in the analytical, critical or hermeneutical approaches that are nowadays at the core of the discourse on literature and culture. Starting from these assumptions, this paper seeks to portray what we see today as the legacy of the theoretical discourse on literature and culture in the 20th century.

Keywords: literary theory, post-theory, poetics, literary studies

Barthes, Roland. “The Death of the Author.” Image-Music-Text. Trans. Stephen Heath. New York: Hill and Wang, 1977. 142-48. Print.

Barthes, Roland. The Pleasure of the Text. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Hill and Wang, 1998.

Compagnon, Antoine. Le démon de la théorie : Littérature et sens commun / Literature, Theory, and Common Sense. Paris: Seuil, 1998. Print.

Culler, Jonathan. On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism. London: Routledge, 1983. Print.

Culler, Jonathan. The Literary in Theory. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2007. Print.

Culler, Jonathan. Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975. Print.

De Man, Paul. The Resistance to Theory. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1986. Print.

Eagleton, Terry. After Theory. New York: Basic Books, 2003. Print.

Eikhenbaum, Boris Mihailovich. “The Theory of the ‘Formal Method’”. Russian Formalist Criticism: Four Essays. Eds. and trans. Lee T. Lemon and Marion J. Reis. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1965. 99-140. Print.

Knapp, Steven, Michaels, Walter Benn. ”Against Theory”. Critical Inquiry (1982), 8 (4): 723-742. Print.

Morin, Edgar. La Méthode 4. Les Idées, leur habitat, leur vie, leurs mœurs, leur organisation / The Method 4. The Ideas, Their Habitat, Their Life, Their Habits, Their Organization. Paris: Seuil, 1991. Print.

Olsen, Stein Haugrom. The End of Literary Theory. Cambridge UP, 1987. Print.

Pavel, Thomas. Le mirage linguistique /The Spell of Language. Paris: Editions du Minuit, 1988. Print.

Richardson, Alan, and Francis F. Steen. “Literature and the Cognitive Revolution: An Introduction.” Poetics Today 23.1 (2002): 1-8.

Schaeffer, J.M. Petite écologie des études littéraires: Pourquoi et comment étudier la littérature / A Short Handbook on the Ecology of Literary Studies: Why Study Literature and How to Do It. Ed. Thierry Marchaisse, 2011. Print.

Scholes, Robert, Structuralism in Literature: An Introduction. New Haven: Yale UP, 1974. Print.

Tihanov, Galin. ”Why Did Modern Literary Theory Originate in Central and Eastern Europe? (And Why Is It Now Dead?)”. Common Knowledge (Winter 2004) 10(1): 61-81. Print.

Todorov, Tzvetan, La Littérature en peril / Literature in Peril. Paris: Flammarion, 2007. Print.

Tucan, Dumitru. Introducere în studiile literare / Introduction to Literary Studies. Iași: Institutul European, 2007. Print.

Tucan, Gabriela. “Cognitive Poetics: Blending Narrative Mental Spaces. Self-Construal and Identity in Short Literary Fiction.” ENTHYMEMA 8 (2013): 38-55.

Carlos Fuentes’ Fiction Between the Literary Pattern and the Narrative Innovation

Since his first writings, Carlos Fuentes tried to change the Latin American manner of dealing with the question of reality, truth, fiction and the relationship among them. Of course, the great tradition of his predecessors was important to him, but the Mexican writer attempted to situate his fiction within a completely new delimitated narrative and symbolic space. All these are to be found in his preoccupation with the images or significances of death and dying, of extinction and of disappearance. His last novels and short story collections (such as Destiny and Desire, Happy Families or Disturbing Company) also prove his desire to express the new kind of reality always shaping according to the work of imagination. Fuentes reads in his own way the great literature before him and offers an exquisite answer to all the narrative challenges represented by the great tradition of the Hispanic canon.

Keywords: Latin American fiction, Mexican literature, symbolic short story, postmodern literary technique, identity, mask.

Fuentes, Carlos, Voința și norocul / Destiny and Desire. Traducere de Horia Barna, București, Curtea Veche Publishing, 2011.

Fuentes, Carlos, Toate familiile fericite / Happy Families. Traducere și note de Eugenia Alexe Munteanu, București, Curtea Veche Publishing, 2011.

Fuentes, Carlos, O companie neliniștitoare / Disturbing Company. Traducere de Andrei Ionescu, București, Editura Humanitas Fiction, 2007.

The Cambridge History of Latin American Literature. Edited by Roberto González Echevarría and Enrique Pupo-Walker, Cambridge University Press, 2008.

The Importance of the Father in the Novel My Struggle by Karl Ove Knausgård

The following paper aims at reconstructing the emotional universe of the main character of the novel My Struggle in relation to a father figure. Counting on previous research on affective narratology, the paper suggests a way of reading in which the father-son relationship lays central and it shows how it organizes not only the thematic universe of the characters but also the narrative structure of the book. The construction of the main character in the second part of Book One is analyzed according to several scenarios that follow him pursuing different goals after the death of his father. Seen in a broader perspective, the analysis conducted in this paper can be definitory for the entire novel sequence.

Keywords: My Struggle, Karl Ove Knausgård, father, affective narratology, detective plot, death

Aarstein, Kjersti Irene. Vold og visjoner i sjette bind av Karl Ove Knausgårds Min Kamp. Bergen: Universitetet I, 2018.

Andersen, Claus Elholm. “Som far, så søn. Om fædre, sønner og litterær indflydelse i Karl Ove Knausgårds ‘Min kamp’.” Norsk litterær årbok. Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget, 2013.

Andersen, Claus Elholm. Så tæt på livet som muligt. Perspektiver på Karl Ove Knausgårds Min Kamp. Bergen: Spring/Alvheim & Eide, 2017.

Andersen, Per Thomas. Story and Emotion: A Study in Affective Narratology, translated by Marte Hult. Oslo: Editura Universitetsforlaget, 2016.

Hogan, Patrick Colm. Affective Narratology. The Emotional Structure of Stories. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011.

Johnson, Wendel Stacey. Sons and Fathers: The generation Link in Literature, 1780-1980. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 1985.

Knausgård, Karl Ove. My Struggle. Book One, translated by Don Bartlett. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013.

Tjønneland, Eivind. Knausgård-koden. Et ideologikritisk essay. Oslo: Spartacus, 2010.

Vidnes, Øystein, “Å skrive er å trekke det som finnes ut fra skyggene av det vi vet”, Morgenbladet, 25 September 2009.

“Culture and Secret Police in Communism”, by Cristina Vățulescu

This article aims at decoding the manner in which the Secret Service in Russian SFSR have interfered with cultural activities, starting from Cristina Vățulescu’s 2017 book “Culture and Secret Police in Communism”. This essay provides information on the different types of dossiers engaged by the Secret Police and their connection to authors such as Mikhail Bulgakov or Viktor Shklovsky.

Keywords: Communism, secret police, Cristina Vățulescu.

Bulgakova, Oksana, „Sovetskoe kino v poiskakh obshchei modeli”, în H. Günter, E. Dobrenko (eds.), Sotsrealisticheskii kanon. St. Petersburg, Akademicheskii proekt, 2000.

Gheorghiu-Cernat, Manuela, Filmul și armele. Tema păcii și a războiului în filmul european / The Film and the Arms. Peace and War in European Cinema. București, Editura Meridiane, 1983.

Gorki, M., O literature. Moska, Sovetskaia literatura, 1934.

Lenin, V. I., Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. 5-e izdanie v 55 tomakh. Tom 44. Moskva, Izd. Politicheskoi literatury, 1970.

Lunacearski, A., Stat`i o literature. [Articles about Literature]. Sostavlenie, podgotovka teksta i primechania I. Satsa. Moskva, Goslitizdat, 1957.

Mariamov, G., Kremlevskii tsensor: Stalin smotrit kino [The Censor of Kremlin: Stalin Watches Movies]. Moskva, Kinotsentr, 1992.

Plehanov, G., Studii de istoria artei / Art History Studies. București, Editura Univers, 1978.

Verdery, Katherine, Viața mea ca spioană / My Life as a Spy. Trad. de Anca Irina Ionescu. București, Editura Vremea, 2018.

A Dual Identity

This paper aims to review a notable work in the field of Jewish Studies, namely Between Marginal Rebels and Mainstream Critics: Jewish Romanian Intellectuals in the Interwar Period by Camelia Crăciun. By also taking into account, besides the literary aspect, the social and political issues of that period, the researcher rebuilds the portrait of the “Generation of Emancipation” that created the Jewish literature seen as a bridge between Jewish and Romanian society.

Keywords: Camelia Crăciun, Jewish literature, Emancipation, Jewish Romanian Intellectuals.

Crăciun, Camelia. Scriitori evrei de limbă română: de la rebeli marginali la critici canonici [Between Marginal Rebels and Mainstream Critics: Jewish Romanian Intellectuals in the Interwar Period]. Iași: Editura Universității „ Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, 2018.

Deleuze, Gilles, Felix Guattari. Kafka. Pentru o literatură minoră, traducere și postfaţă de Bogdan Ghiu. București: Editura ART, 2007 / Kafka. For a minor Literature.

Crohmălniceanu, Ovid S., Evreii în mișcarea de avangardă românească [Jews in the Romanian Avant-garde Movement]. București: Editura Hasefer, 2001.