The Cemetery as a Battlefield. A Case Study upon the Hajongard Cemetery from Cluj-Napoca
Within the majority of Romanian communities the cemetery is considered a space of undisputable sacredness, being socially represented in almost exclusive idyllic colors as a place governed by the rule of social equality. There is a strong tendency to imagine that after death all people share the same terrestrial space and the same symbolic space – eternal life – regardless of the social status during their lifetime. The intention of our study is to dismantle this stereotypical idea. The paper discusses the data obtained from a research upon the Hajongard cemetery from Cluj-Napoca, where we have undertaken repeated observations and informal interviews. We are to present the cemetery as a socio-cultural non-homogenous space in which the social struggle from the daily life is duplicated in various forms.
Keywords: cemetery, Hajongard, social inequality, battlefield
1. Julie Rugg, Defining the place of burial: what makes a cemetery a cemetery, Routledge, London, 2000, pp. 259-275.
2. W. Lloyd Warner, The living and the dead: a study of the symbolic life of Americans, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1959.
3. Cf.: Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger. An Analysis of Concept of Pollution and Taboo, Routledge, London and New York, 2002 [1966].
4. David Charles Sloane, The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
5. Cf. Georg Simmel, La tragédie de la culture et culture et autres essais. Rivages-Poche, Paris, 1988. Jean Ziegler, Les vivants et la mort, Editions du Seuil, Paris, 1975.
6. Marshall Sahlins, Islands of History, University of Chicago Press, Illinois, 1985.
7. Gheorghe I. Bodea, Clujul vechi si nou, PROF Image, Cluj-Napoca, 2002, p.19.
8. Ştefan Pascu, Istoria Clujului, Consiliul Popular al Municipiului Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, 1974.
9. Gheorghe I. Bodea, Op.cit., p. 26.
10. Ştefan Pascu, Op.cit.
11. Erving Goffman, Viaţa cotidiană ca spectacol, Comunicare.ro, Bucureşti, 2003.
12. Ştefan Pascu, Op.cit.
13. http://ziuadecj.realitatea.net/eveniment/scandal-in-hajongard-68559.html, consultat ultima dată în 29.01.2014.
14. Diane O. Bennet, Burry Me in Second Class: Contested Symbols in a Greek Cemetery, in Anthropological Quarterly, The George Washington University Institute for Ethnographic Research, 1994, pp.122-134.
15. Cf. Marius Rotar, Eternitate prin cenuşă. O istorie a crematoriilor şi incinerărilor umane în România secolelor XIX-XXI, Institutul European, Iaşi.
16. Robert F. Baumeister, Sensuri ale vieţii, Editura ASCR, Cluj-Napoca, 2011, p. 362.