Global World. Fatal Oblivion – Endemics, Epidemics, Pandemics: The Imminent Danger – An Economic Overlook

The world goes towards globalization. There are existential problems to which only from a global perspective may one answer. Among these problems we have to mention endemics and epidemics. Tens and tens of thousands of years old, plague, leprosy, cholera, all flues, tuberculosis have been making hundreds of millions victims. Then, what would their causes be? How may we answer them? What is there to do about this? These are the questions to which we pursue to give an aswer along this study.

Keywords: endemics, epidemics, pandemics, therapy, preventive medicine, expenses, social profit

The Archieraticon or Liber Pontificalis. Evolution, structure, theological reflections and liturgical texts comparison

The Archieraticon, Liber Pontificalis, Liber officium episcopi, is an integral part of the liturgical book Euchologion [Rituale græcorum], within the rite of the Orthodox Church. The first Archieraticon is printed in Venice in 1714. The second edition appeared in Constantinople in 1820; a third and improved one, added, revised and extended, was printed in Athens in 1971. The first Romanian Arhieraticon was printed by Bishop Gregory Maior of Fagaras and Alba Iulia (1773-1782, † 1785) in Blaj, 1777 and was used by all the Romanian-language bishops, in Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia, by both Orthodox and Greek-Catholic priests.

Keywords: history of the Church, history of liturgical books, Archieraticon, liturgical texts comparison

The Military Suite from Alba Iulia-Emperor’s Spring’s Necropolis

The article will focus on the military suite identified in the necropolis from Alba Iulia- Emperor’s Spring/Crăcuta (10th – 11th cent.) From the 223 inhumation graves investigated so far, a number of them present as funerary inventory: harnesses (stirrups, bridle) and weaponry (remains of quivers, bone plaques from the bows, arrows, axe, Säbelschwert), all of which beingspecific for the Magyar warriors during the 10th century. Despite the fact that the existence of graves attributed to warriors was never mentioned in any of the official excavations reports published by the archaeologist M. Blăjan , in his journals this kind of record was made. For example, M. 115 was most likely considered to be of Petcheneg origin. At the moment, in this category can be placed 13 graves (M. 115, M. 133, M. 143, M. 144, M. 165, M. 168, M. 173, M. 177, M. 184, M. 208 and M. 210), two of which were uncovered during the investigations made in 2014 . As a part of customs, we observe the dressing of the pit with lithic material and the presence of offerings (equine and eggs). Without question, this warrior graves formed the military suite that provided protection for Gylas during an agitated period of time corresponding with the renewal of Christianity in Transylvania. Most likely, this suite accompanied and protected Gylas in his journey to Constantinople (953), when he was baptized and came back at Alba Iulia with the Byzantine mission.

Keywords: : Alba Iulia, warriors, weaponry, Magyars, Transylvania, suite, offering.

Aspects of the Cognitive Approach of the Text

The linguistic elements that generate the text make sense if and only the reader or hearer makes sense by interpreting it as related to his cultural and world knowledge. The resulting text is the reader’s representation, which goes further along what it is said in the original text. It also contains the inferences the reader makes and, at this level of comprehension, we analyse the text from a linguistic point of view. The textual functions that structure the relations in a text are coexisting with the interpersonal and ideational means of expresion. Coherence is the main property of a text and it makes its interpretation possible. The text accomplishes coherence by cohesive links, such as the personal deixis and word repetitions. Still, cohesion by itself does not certify the coherence which becomes a purely conceptual matter. At this point, we have to bring in discution the referential, respectively, the relational coherence.

Keywords: referential coherence, relational coherence, The Brașov Group of Poets, grammaticalization.

The translation of the language of Romanian winter celebrations: an enriching intercultural communication

Starting from general considerations encompassed in the context of cultural anthropology, our study undertakes to be mainly an onomasiological approach, based on decrypting the elements of a special as well as specialized language: the language of Romanians’ holy winter celebrations (from Saint Nicholas to Saint John). One of the objectives is to identify, at an intentional level, the strategy of translating into French the acknowledged Romanian carols, certain terms carrying a particular socio-cultural meaning, expressing the universe of ancestral customary laws, rural cuisine and the Romanian traditional costume, all highlighted during Christian celebrations.

The translator of the language of popular culture, equally knowledgeable about its regional versions, emphasizes, therefore, the cognitive frames and the cultural blueprints established in the Romanian language at no less than three terminological levels: the food-related one, the dress code one and, not lastly, the religious one. The cultural transfer overcomes the simple linguistic transfer from a language to another, identifying itself at most with an emotional transfer. Using their perilinguistic self-adjusting competence, explanatory of the strongly idiomatic terms, the translator plays the sacred role of a mediator between civilisations and cultures, while at the same time opening a window through which they can communicate.

Keywords: popular/religious language, Romanian winter celebrations, cultural transfer, adaptation, intercultural communication, Romania

The translation of the language of Romanian winter celebrations: an enriching intercultural communication

Starting from general considerations encompassed in the context of cultural anthropology, our study undertakes to be mainly an onomasiological approach, based on decrypting the elements of a special as well as specialized language: the language of Romanians’ holy winter celebrations (from Saint Nicholas to Saint John). One of the objectives is to identify, at an intentional level, the strategy of translating into French the acknowledged Romanian carols, certain terms carrying a particular socio-cultural meaning, expressing the universe of ancestral customary laws, rural cuisine and the Romanian traditional costume, all highlighted during Christian celebrations.

The translator of the language of popular culture, equally knowledgeable about its regional versions, emphasizes, therefore, the cognitive frames and the cultural blueprints established in the Romanian language at no less than three terminological levels: the food-related one, the dress code one and, not lastly, the religious one. The cultural transfer overcomes the simple linguistic transfer from a language to another, identifying itself at most with an emotional transfer. Using their perilinguistic self-adjusting competence, explanatory of the strongly idiomatic terms, the translator plays the sacred role of a mediator between civilisations and cultures, while at the same time opening a window through which they can communicate.

Keywords: popular/religious language, Romanian winter celebrations, cultural transfer, adaptation, intercultural communication, Romania

I Couldn’t Help But Wonder: Does Fansubbing Or Official Subtitling Do More Justice To S.A.T.C. Bawdy Puns?

Subtitling in Romania, a subbing stronghold surrounded by dubbing countries, is a phenomenon yet to be studied thoroughly by the autochthonous academia. Amateur subtitling or fansubbing, despite its prevalence among the younger generations, has been barely touched upon. What this paper aims to achieve is to shed a light on the manner in which these two audiovisual translation solutions have evolved in this geographic context with a view to highlighting professional and amateur subtitlers’ approach to translating bawdy puns featured in American sitcoms. By drawing parallels between a series of eight vertical and horizontal instances of wordplay based on homonymy, homophony, and paronymy found in several episodes of Sex and the City, this article seeks to test the hypothesis that amateur subtitlers, unburdened as they are by any form of audiovisual regulation, are more likely to produce daring renditions of ribald words and phrases than their official omologues. Through these analyses, this paper also aspires to pave the way for research into this relatively new area of study in the Romanian translation studies literature and to elicit interest in how the autochthonous subtitlers and fansubbers of movies and sitcoms tackle instances of language that bring about moral and translational challenges.

Keywords: bawdy, fansubbing, pun, Romanian, Sex and the City, subtitiling, translation, wordplay.

Notes On Some Difficulties Of Teaching And Learning Romanian As Foreign Language In Endo-Linguistic Context

Constantly changing, passing multiple transfers and interferences, the Romanian language and its study face an increased interest from citizens of other nationalities. The process of globalization and the accelerated development of technology have contributed to the current situation in which multilingualism and plurilingualism are no longer isolated. Language research must transcend its approach as a system of signs and insist on it as functionality, as a social determined individual product. Language evolves not only in structural telationships that maintain the system in balance, but also, in relation to other phenomena of a spiritual, cultural, artistic, social, extra-linguistic nature.

Keywords: Romanian as foreign language, second and third language aquisition, language transfer, bilingualism, plurilingualism, multilingualism, metalinguistic awareness

The Emergence Of Novelistic Discourse In English Literature

The aim of the present paper is to reappraise some of the theories on the emergence of the novel in eighteenthcentury England and to try to identify the point of convergence between the views according to which this literary species was the outcome of a gradual transformation of the epic discourse into novelistic discourse and the ones stressing the fact that its emergence owed mainly to the increase in readership following the Reformation and the subsequent demand, among readers, for ever more plausible life stories.

Keywords: epic, novel, middle classes, Protestantism, prescriptive realism

On Irina Mavrodin – literally and in all meanings

The article focuses on the analysis of various aspects concerning the tremendous work of the Romanian literary personality Irina Mavrodin starting from the studies reunited in 2014 by Gabriel Popescu, from the University of Craiova, in the volume Opera ca proiect (The Work as Project). We will identify and discuss the different components (translation, poietics / poetics, literary theory, poetry) of Irina Mavrodin’s career that turns around what the author, taking over the concept outlined by Maurice Blanchot, defines as the ‘central point’.

Keywords: contemporary Romanian literature, poietics, translation, poetry, cultural heritage, Irina Mavrodin

The Sonnetist – A Picturesque Immixture. From the Mozarabics and the Sexual Personae to Voicushakespearianism

Shakespeare’s Last Sonnets lead us to that sort of imaginary which is still in the process of completing and beyond. There is a close connection between those worlds in which Voiculescu lived. He created an ambiguous dialogue between love and art. His interest in the archetype of platonic androgynous reveals a polyphonic voice, a polyphonic mind quite different from the Shakespearian pattern itself. Concerning oxymoronic and strangely androgynous, we should see the intellectual osmosis revealed in both writings, Shakespeare’s Sonnets and Voiculescu’s Sonnets. We should consider the fact that V. Voiculescu’s poems abound of new perspectives, simply because Voiculescu recreates a new imaginary translation there, a mystical one rather, intermingled with sexual personae (in Camille Paglia’s sense) and Apollonian and Dionysian picturesque images.

Keywords: modern Romanian literature, modern Romanian poetry, Vasile Voiculescu, sonnets, sexual personae

The Apocalypse of the Body. Towards a New Expressionism

The present study aims at a thorough examination of the neo-expressionist direction within the general poetics of the Generation 80. In his landmarking book Romanian Postmodernism, Mircea Cărtărescu discussed the neoexpressionism of his generation as the only direction in which one can still find the high topics of the modernity: madness, pain, death. In this study, the author observes that there are two different types of expressionism, converging both towards this high modern topics, unified by the grand topic of the body and its relation with death and nature..

Keywords: contemporary Romanian literature, Generation 80, neo-expressionism, poetics of the body