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Thoughts on the formation and settlement development of the medieval County of Crasna, during the 11th -13th centuries

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Magazine: 3-4 / 2015
Date: 2015
CSÓK Zsolt
Muzeul Național al Istoriei Transilvaniei, Cluj Napoca
csok.zsolt@gmail.com

Abstract

“…prima meta terrae Wathasomlyowa incipit ab oriente juxta aquam Crazna…”
Thoughts on the formation and settlement development of the medieval
County of Crasna, during the 11th -13th centuries

The study on the development and formation of the early medieval counties in Transylvania is a very difficult process that must be approached with great caution, not only because of the abundance of issues that arise during the investigation, but also due to the influence of emerging nationalist writing directions both in Hungarian and Romanian historiography. We refer here to the eternal question of continuity or the issues of primacy in Transylvania. Therefore, throughout our present research we apply an interdisciplinary method to try and form a most correct image on the historical phenomena concerning our area of study. The theory on the formation of Crasna county on the basis of the 7th-10th century preliminaries, meaning the presence of a massive Slavic population block from the period of the Avar Khaganate, plunges this small area into the administration of the Hungarian Kingdom from an early period (first half of the 11th century – end of the 12th century). The image of the early formation is drawn by the written sources, dating to the second half of the 12th century, when there are summoned up all the elements of a county structure. The rapid development of the administration unit of Crasna has several causes, among which we must mention it geographical position that facilitates commercial and military infrastructure, but most of all, the inhabitation of colonists starting from the beginning of the 13 century also gives a boost to the internal evolution of the county. We definitely have to mention the fact, that future research, mostly ones of archaeological character will hopefully bring light on even more elements that shall bring important contributions regarding the medieval image of this small county.

Keywords: Crasna, Barcău, castrum, terra, villa, possessio, Nepocor, early county, settlement preliminaries, hospites

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