6-7 / 2024

Revista: 6-7 / 2024

Anul Publicarii:2024

Științe socio-umane

Arte vizuale

Filozofie și studii sociale

Antropologie și etnologie

Sociologie

Științe politice & juridice

Istorie & Antropologie

Studii culturale

Industry-building: emergența filmului de consum în cinematografia românească contemporană

Autor: Șerban Mark POP

Email: serban.mark.pop@stud.ubbcluj.ro

Rezumat

The Emergence of Mainstream Movies in Contemporary Romanian Cinema

Abstract: The paper examines the current state of Romanian cinema, focusing on the rise of Vidra Productions, a company producing commercially successful movies following the Hollywood comedy formula. The analysis explores the economic context, funding mechanisms, and the artistic merits of Vidra Productions movies, particularly through the lens of their most successful film, Teambuilding. By applying theories from Pierre Bourdieu, Jeffery Sconce, David Bordwell, and Kristin Thompson, the paper seeks to understand the broader cultural and social implications of this new trend of Romanian cinema, which blends Hollywood formulas with online influencer culture. The study ultimately calls for a more inclusive dialogue within the Romanian film industry.

Keywords: Romanian cinema, Teambuilding, cinema canon, Vidra Productions, Matei Dima, Romanian comedies, comercial cinema, influencer movies

Bibliografie

Bordwell, David. “Intensified continuity revisited.” David Bordwell’s website on cinema, May 27, 2007. https://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2007/05/27/intensified-continuity-revisited/.

Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.

Bunea, Iulia. “După seriale, şi vloggerii vor să facă producţii cu bani de la Guvern. 5Gang – The Movie primeşte ajutor de stat. Ce buget” [After TV Series, Vloggers Also Want to Make Productions with Government Money. 5Gang – The Movie Receives State Aid. What Budget]. Paginademedia.ro, October 3, 2019. https://www.paginademedia.ro/2019/10/5-gang-the-movie-bani-de-la-guvern/.

Chirilov, Mihai. “Mihai Chirilov: Nu aștepta mult de la filmul românesc” [Mihai Chirilov: Don’t Expect Much from Romanian Films]. FilmsInFrame, December 22, 2023. https://www.filmsinframe.com/ro/critica/mihai-chirilov-nu-astepta-prea-mult-de-la-filmul-romanesc/.

Costache, Dragoș D., and Oana Filip. “‘Buzz House’ sau Mazilirea de la moara de content” [‘Buzz House’ or The Ousting from the Content Mill]. Scena9, April 30, 2024. https://www.scena9.ro/article/buzz-house-the-movie-cronica-selly-adrian-elicopter-de-lupta.

Costanda, Alexandra. “‘5Gang: un altfel de Crăciun’, filmul românesc cu cei mai mulţi spectatori din ultimii 24 de ani” [‘5Gang: A Different Kind of Christmas’, The Romanian Film with the Most Viewers in the Last 24 Years]. Adevărul, January 15, 2020. https://adevarul.ro/showbiz/film/5gang-un-altfel-de-craciun-filmul-romanesc-cu-1995145.html.

Costanda, Alexandra. “‘Miami Bici’, cel mai de succes debut din ultimii 26 de ani al unui film românesc: câţi spectatori au fost să-l vadă la cinema” [‘Miami Bici’, The Most Successful Debut of a Romanian Film in the Last 26 Years: How Many Spectators Went to See It at the Cinema]. Adevărul, February 24, 2020. https://adevarul.ro/showbiz/film/miami-bici-cel-mai-de-succes-debut-din-ultimii-2003546.html.

Cristescu, George-Andrei. “Fenomenul ‘Teambuilding’: regizorul Matei Dima a renunțat la visul american pentru a face filme de succes în România” [The ‘Teambuilding’ Phenomenon: Director Matei Dima Gave Up the American Dream to Make Successful Films in Romania]. Adevărul, January 2, 2023. https://adevarul.ro/showbiz/film/fenomenul-teambuilding-regizorul-matei-dima-a-2231775.html.

Dumitrescu, Vlad. “Influencerii români și relația lor ‘pe burtă’ cu publicitatea” [Romanian Influencers and Their Covert Relationship with Advertising]. Panorama, September 10, 2023. https://panorama.ro/influencerii-romani-publicitatea/.

Finney, Angus. The International Film Business: A Market Guide Beyond Hollywood. London: Routledge Press, 2014.

Fisher, Mark. Realism capitalist. Nu există nicio alternativă? [Capitalist Realism: Is there no Alternative?], translated by Paul-Teodor Cristescu, introduction by Ștefan Baghiu. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2022.

Gjinali, V., and E. A. Tunca. “A General Look on the Impact of Turkish Horror Movies: An Exploratory Study on the Opinions of Youth on Horror Movies.” Sage Open, 10, no. 4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020979701.

Gorzo, Andrei. “Concurs de popularitate: ‘Teambuilding’ și ‘Mirciulică’” [Popularity Contest: ‘Teambuilding’ and ‘Mirciulică’]. Lucruri care nu pot fi spuse altfel, October 29, 2022. https://andreigorzoblog.wordpress.com/2022/10/29/concurs-de-popularitate-teambuilding-si-mirciulica/.

Guțu, Andreea. “5Gang The Movie dă lovitura! Finanțare de 100.000 de euro de la Guvern” [5Gang The Movie Hits the Jackpot! 100,000 Euros Financing from the Government]. Capital, October 4, 2019. https://www.capital.ro/5gang-the-movie-da-lovitura-finantare-de-100-000-de-euro-de-la-guvern.html.

Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernismul sau logica culturală a capitalismului târziu [Postmodernism, or The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism]. Translated by Alex Văsieș and Vlad Pojoga, introduction by Andrei Terian. Sibiu: Editura ULBS, 2021.

Kael, Pauline. “Art, Trash, and the Moviea.” Scraps from the Loft, January 23, 2020. https://scrapsfromtheloft.com/movies/pauline-kael-trash-art-movies/.

Mulvey, Laura. “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema.” Screen 16, no. 3 (1975): 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/16.3.6.

Lăzărescu, Emanuel. “‘Teambuilding’ depășește 1 milion de spectatori plătitori în cinematografe” [‘Teambuilding’ Surpasses 1 Million Paying Viewers in Cinemas]. Cinefan, January 16, 2023. https://cinefan.ro/stiri/9283-teambuilding-depaseste-1-milion-de-spectatori-platitori-in-cinematografe.

Marin, Alexandra. “‘Teambuilding’, cel mai profitabil film românesc din istorie. Producţia a obţinut încasări de peste 19 milioane de lei [‘Teambuilding’, The Most Profitable Romanian Film in History. The Production Earned Over 19 Million Lei]. Observator, November 9, 2022. https://observatornews.ro/entertainment/teambuilding-cel-mai-profitabil-film-romanesc-din-istorie-productia-a-obtinut-incasari-de-peste-19-milioane-de-lei-496847.html.

Pop, Doru. “OPINIE. Doru Pop: Divertismentul de Coteț și comedia de tembeling” [OPINION. Doru Pop: Barn Entertainment and Crazytown Comedy]. Cluj24, January 9, 2023. https://cluj24.ro/opinie-doru-pop-divertismentul-de-cotet-si-comedia-de-tembeling-155525.html.

Redacția Euronews. “‘Romina, VTM’ este pe locul 12 într-un top al celor mai mari încasări la nivel mondial. Ce spune un critic despre filmele românești” [‘Romina, VTM’ Ranks 12th in the Top of the Highest Revenues Worldwide. What a Critic Says About Romanian Films]. Euronews, January 27, 2023. https://www.euronews.ro/articole/filmul-romanesc-romina-vtm-este-pe-locul-12-intr-un-top-al-celor-mai-mari-incasar.

Redacția JustNews. “De ce se judecă cu autoritățile, pentru un milion de lei, casa de producție care a realizat pelicula ‘Teambuilding’ [“Why the Production House That Made the Film ‘Teambuilding’ Is Suing the Authorities for One Million Lei”]. JustNews, February 14, 2024. https://justnews.ro/de-ce-se-judeca-cu-autoritatile-pentru-1-milion-de-lei-firma-care-a-produs-filmul-teambuilding/.

Redacția KISS FM. “‘5GANG: Un altfel de Crăciun’, cel mai bine vândut film românesc din ultimii 30 de ani [‘5GANG: A Different Kind of Christmas’, The Best-Selling Romanian Film of the Last 30 Years]. KISS FM, December 30, 2019. https://www.kissfm.ro/articol/15895/5gang-un-altfel-de-craciun-cel-mai-bine-vandut-film-romanesc-din-ultimii-30-de-ani.

Redacția KISS FM. “Filmul ‘Tabăra’, ultimul proiect 5GANG, a înregistrat cele mai mari încasări la box office-ul din România” [The Film ‘The Camp’, The Last 5GANG Project, Recorded the Highest Box Office Revenues in Romania]. KISS FM, January 4, 2022. https://www.kissfm.ro/articol/21681/filmul-tabara-ultimul-proiect-5gang-a-inregistrat-cele-mai-mari-incasari-la-box-office-ul-din-romania.

Rogozanu, Costi. “Pentru toți cei indignați de ‘Teambuilding’: esența filmului e că mai stăm și noi cu toții de vorbă” [For All Those Outraged by ‘Teambuilding’: The Essence of the Film Is That We At least Sit Down and Talk]. Libertatea, January 8, 2023. https://www.libertatea.ro/opinii/pentru-toti-cei-indignati-de-teambuilding-esenta-filmului-e-ca-mai-stam-si-noi-cu-totii-de-vorba-4402594.

Sconce, Jeffery. “‘Trashing’ the Academy: Taste, Excess, and an Emerging Politics of Cinematic Style.” Screen 36, no. 4 (1995): 371–393. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/36.4.371.

Stamen, Diana. “Selly susține că nu și-a primit banii de la stat pentru filmul ‘5 GANG’: ‘Este un prejudiciu de aproximativ 100.000 de euro și a fost o rușine pentru România’ [Selly Claims He Did Not Receive State Money for the ‘5 GANG’ Movie: ‘There are Damages of Approximately 100,000 Euros and It Was a Shame for Romania’]. Libertatea, March 16, 2023, https://www.libertatea.ro/entertainment/selly-sustine-ca-nu-si-a-primit-banii-de-la-stat-pentru-filmul-5-gang-4482147.

Toderici, Radu. “Cu ochii în toate părțile” [With Eyes Everywhere]. Steaua, no. 7 (2023). http://revisteaua.ro/cu-ochii-in-toate-partile/.

Vancu, Anca. “‘Filmul românesc nu e la un nivel grozav’ | Noutățile și filmele festivalului TIFF.22” [‘Romanian Cinema Is Not at a Great Level’ | News and Films from TIFF.22]. Films in Frame, May 10, 2023. https://www.filmsinframe.com/ro/uncategorized/filmul-romanesc-nu-e-la-un-nivel-grozav-noutatile-si-filmele-festivalului-tiff-22/.

Katherine E. Lane, ed. Age of the Geek: Depictions of Nerds and Geeks in Popular Media. London: Palmgrave Macmillan, 2018.

Țapu, Cristina. “Dragoș Bucur, Cuvinte dure despre pelicula ‘Miami Bici 2’. Producția umple sălile de cinema, dar actorul e dezamăgit: ‘N-aș putea să-l încadrez în categoria film!’” [Dragoș Bucur, Harsh Words About the Film ‘Miami Bici 2’. The Production Fills Cinemas, but the Actor Is Disappointed: ‘I Couldn’t Categorize It as a Film!’]. TVMania, December 7, 2023. https://www.tvmania.ro/dragos-bucur-are-o-parere-radicala-despre-filmul-miami-bici-2-453810.

Filmography

5GANG: Un Altfel de Crăciun, Romania, 2019. Director: Matei Dima.

American Pie Presents: Beta House, USA, 2007. Director: Andrew Waller.

Buzz House: The Movie, Romania, 2024. Director: Florin Babei.

Haita de Acțiune, Romania, 2023. Director: Vali Dobrogeanu.

Libertate, Romania, 2023. Director: Tudor Giurgiu.

Mammalia, Romania, 2023. Director: Sebastian Mihăilescu.

Miami Bici, Romania, 2020. Director: Jesús del Cerro.

Miami Bici 2, Romania, 2023. Director: Jesús del Cerro.

Mirciulică, Romania, 2023. Director: Cristian Ilisuan.

Oh, Ramona!, Romania, 2019. Director: Cristina Jacob.

Romina, VTM, Romania, 2023. Director: Paul-Răzvan Macovei.

Spre Nord, Romania, 2022. Director: Mihai Mincan.

Tabăra, Romania, 2021. Director: Vali Dobrogeanu.

Tati part-time, Romania, 2024. Director: Alex Coteț.

Teambuilding, Romania, 2022. Directors: Matei Dima, Cosmin Nedelcu, and Alex Coteț.

Training Day, USA, 2001. Director: Antoine Fuqua.

Biblioteconomie

Științele limbii

Științele economice

Antropologie. Studii filozofice

Teologie

Studii literare

Holocaustul între memorie locală și globală: America de peste pogrom de Cătălin Mihuleac

Autor: Paul-Iulian FLORESCU

Email: paul.florescup@gmail.com

Rezumat

The Holocaust Between Local and Global Memory: America de peste pogrom by Cătălin Mihuleac

Abstract: This essay explores how a Holocaust counter-narrative can be constructed in response to historical negationism, Romanian exceptionalism, and ‘ethnocentric mindscape’, as described by Ana Bărbulescu. In America de peste Pogrom [America Over Pogrom] (2014), Cătălin Mihuleac reconstructs the Iași pogrom, challenging contemporary antisemitic and negationist discourses. The novel exposes the complicity of public figures, police, and civilians in the Jewish extermination under Ion Antonescu’s regime, thus creating a fictional narrative closer to the historical truth than other postcommunist discourses that denied the accountability of the Romanian people. Through the character Suzy Bernstein, who uncovers Romania’s genocidal past, Mihuleac’s work serves as a memorial and postmemorial metanarrative, reflecting on historical trauma, the social and historical conditions that made the Holocaust possible in Romania, on its impact on contemporary Romania and on the accessibility of Holocaust knowledge nowadays. The novel, while ignored by Romanian critics, has been well-received in Western Europe, highlighting the differing priorities in Holocaust memory between Eastern and Western societies. I am also interested in the circulation of Mihuleac’s novel. If the Romanian critics ignored the novel, it has been well received in the France and German and was awarded important prizes as well as apologetic reviews. My hypothesis for the lack of interest on Romanian critics’ behalf and, in contrast, of the interest shown by Western publishers and critics is the marginalization of the Holocaust memory in Romania and the centrality of it in the Western society, much preoccupied with keeping the victims’ memory alive and defending it (by legislating it) from negationist and conspiracy tendencies associated with contemporary antisemitic ideologies.

Keywords: national memory, global memory, Holocaust literature, postmemory narrative, ethnocentric mindscape, negationism.

Bibliografie

Alexander, Jeffrey C. “On the Social Construction of Moral Universals: The ‘Holocaust’ from War Crime to Trauma Drama.” In The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural Sociology, 27–84. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Alexander, Jeffrey C. The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Andreescu, Gabriel. Globalizarea ipocriziei: pentru o abordare umanistă a eticii memoriei. [The Globalization of Hipocrisy: Toward a Humanistic Approach to the Ethics of Memory]. Iași: Polirom, 2023.

Assmann, Aleida. “The Holocaust – a Global Memory? Extensions and Limits of a New Memory Community.” In Memory in a Global Age: Discourses, Practices and Trajectories, edited by Aleida Assmann and Sebastian Conrad, 97–117. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Bărbulescu, Ana. “Etnocentric Mindscapes and Mnemonic Myopia.” In Holocaust Public Memory in Postcommunist Romania, edited by Alexandru Florian, 3–40. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2018.

Bolba, Denisa-Corina. “Reinventarea ca scriitor american a lui Norman Manea” [The Reinvention of Norman Manea as American Writer]. Transilvania, no. 5-6 (2023): 54-59.

Erll, Astrid. Memory in Culture. Translated by Sara B. Young. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

Florian, Alexandru, ed. Holocaust Public Memory in Postcommunist Romania. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2018.

Friling, Tuvia, Radu Ioanid, and Mihail E. Ionescu, eds. Raport final al Comisiei Internaționale pentru studierea Holocaustului din România [The Report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania]. Iași: Polirom, 2004.

Heimann, Holger. “Cătălin Mihuleac: Oxenberg & Bernstein. Präzise Rekonstruktion eines Massenmordes.” [Cătălin Mihuleac: Oxenberg & Bernstein. Precise Reconstruction of a Mass Murder]. Deutschlandfunk, March 5, 2018. https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/catalin-mihuleac-oxenberg-bernstein-praezise-rekonstruktion-100.html.

Hirsch, Marianne. The Generation of Postmemory: Writing and Visual Culture after the Holocaust. New York: Columbia University Press, 2012.

Humanitas. “Lansare Oxenberg & Bernstein, de Cătălin Mihuleac.” YouTube video, 2:07:23. May 6, 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiI37AN_Rf4&ab_channel=Humanitas.

Iovănel, Mihai. Istoria literaturii române contemporane: 1990-2020 [The History of Contemporary Romanian Literature: 1990-2020]. Iași: Polirom, 2021.

Iovănel, Mihail. “Cărți proaste pe care le-am citit în 2019” [Bad Books I read in 2019]. Scena 9. January 6, 2020. https://www.scena9.ro/article/carti-proaste-romania-2019.

Ivancica, Mihaela. “Interviu cu scriitorul Cătălin Mihuleac: «Personajele au dat buzna peste mine…».” Gândul. October 31, 2020. https://www.gandul.ro/ganduri-printre-carti/interviu-cu-scriitorul-catalin-mihuleac-personajele-au-dat-buzna-peste-mine-mi-au-pus-un-calus-in-gura-si-un-stilou-in-mana-apoi-m-au-abuzat-in-toate-felurile-posibile-exclusiv-19529126.

Mihăilescu, Alexandru. “Ne place sângele, cu condiția să nu fie al nostru.” Observator Cultural, no. 747, November 7, 2014. https://www.observatorcultural.ro/articol/ne-place-singele-cu-conditia-sa-nu-fie-al-nostru/.

Mihuleac, Cătălin. America de peste pogrom [America Over the Pogrom]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2021.

Mironescu, Andreea. “Literatura ca memorie culturală: romanul românesc în postcomunism” [Literature as Cultural Memory: The Romanian Novel in Post-Communism]. Philologica Jassyensia 22, no. 2 (2015): 93–101.

Mironescu, Doris, and Mironescu, Andreea. “The Novel of Memory as World Genre: Exploring the Romanian Case.” Dacromonia Litteraria VII (2020): 97–115.

Muzeul Național de Artă al României. “Expoziția «Victor Brauner: Între oniric și occult»” [Victor Brauner> Between the Oneiric and the Occult] https://mnar.ro/arhiva-evenimentelor/eveniment/725-expozi%C8%9Bia-%E2%80%9Evictor-brauner-%C3%AEntre-oniric-%C8%99i-ocult%E2%80%9D.

Popescu, Cristian. “Decizie fără precedent la Iași: Primăria a montat o inscripție în care îl acuză pe Octavian Goga de fascism și antisemitism.” [Unprecedented decision in Iași: The City Hall installed a plaque accusing Octavian Goga of fascism and anti- Semitism]. G4Media, July 2, 2021.https://www.g4media.ro/decizie-fara-precedent-la-iasi-primaria-a-montat-o-inscriptie-in-care-il-acuza-pe-octavian-goga-de-fascism- si-antisemitism-chiar-pe-statuia-inaugurata-de-primarul-mihai-chirica.html.

Totok, William. “Jurnal de corespondent: Fascismul românesc și Holocaustul.” [Correspondent’s Journal: Romanian Fascism and the Holocaust]. Radio Europa Liberă Moldova. May 9, 2024. https://moldova.europalibera.org/a/jurnal-de-corespondent-william-totok/29084120.html.

Tucan, Dumitru. “Literatura și recuperarea memoriei pierdute. Despre romanele postmemoriale ale lui Cătălin Mihuleac.” Qvaestiones Romanicae IX (2022).

Tucan, Dumitru. “Recuperarea istoriei traumatice și jocurile memoriei. Despre memoria Holocaustului din România” [The Recovery of the Traumatic History and the Games of Memory. On the Memory of the Holocaust in Romania]. Transilvania, no. 6 (2020): 7-21.

Turcuș, Claudiu. Norman Manea: Aesthetics as East Ethics. Vienna: Peter Lang GmbH, 2016.

Triplă marginalizare și identitate transnațională: Herta Müller și exportul traumei de la Est la Vest

Autor: Crista-Maria DANCU

Email: cristamaria.dancu@ulbsibiu.ro

Rezumat

Triple Marginalization and Transnational Identity: Herta Müller and the Export of Trauma from East to West

Abstract: Based on Snejana Ung’s statement that „some of the writers included in this category [of ethnic minorities] are also in exile, among them Herta Müller, which points to an even more complicated form of transnationalism, generated by the overlap between the two groups”, I will analyze Herta Müller’s writing from the perspective of World Literature, taking into account the practice of writing about (semi-)peripherality in a language of world circulation. This paper, therefore, seeks to analyze the export of „communist trauma” from the Romanian (semi-)periphery to the center, namely Germany, and its reception in the West. As a case study, I will address the novel Atemschaukel (The Hunger Angel, 2009), focusing in particular on the transnational phenomenon that achieved through the denationalization of the protagonist. This paper is structured in three parts: in the first, part I will discuss Müller’s collaboration with the poet Oskar Pastior for the above-mentioned novel, as well as its post-Nobel reception. In the second part, I propose a contextualization of the concept of Heimat as the central topos in Müllerian writing, whereas in the third part I analyze how the novel’s protagonist, Leo Auberg, is an example of triple marginality due to deportation, disjunction with local ethnocentrism, and non-alignment with the heteronormative ideal.

Key Words: transnaționalitate, World Literature, Herta Müller, etnocentrism, Heimat, queer, Oskar Pastior, Atemschaukel

Bibliografie

Blickle, Peter. Heimat: A Critical Theory of the German Idea of Homeland. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2004.

Eich, Günter. “Inventory.” Translated by Joshua Mehigan. Poetry Foundation, 2009. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/52394/inventory-56d230d30ccb8.

Fortier, Anne-Marie. “Making Home: Queer Migrations and Motions of Attachment.” In Uprootings/Regroundings Questions of Home and Migration, edited by Sara Ahmed, Claudia Castañeda, Anne-Marie Fortier, and Mimi Sheller, 115–32. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2003.

Grewe, Maria S. “Imagining the East: Some Thoughts on Contemporary Minority Literature in Germany and Exoticist Discourse in Literary Criticism.” In Germany and the Imagined East, edited by Lee M. Roberts, 69–78. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009.

Heath, John. “Slinging Mud? Public Discussion of the Case of Oskar Pastior: A German-Romanian Comparison”. Central Europe 12, no. 1 (2014): 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1179/1479096314z.00000000021.

Köhler, Andrea. “Das Buch Vom Hunger” [The Book of Hunger]. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, August 25, 2009. https://www.nzz.ch/das_buch_vom_hunger-ld.876108.

Martin, Mircea, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, eds. Romanian Literature as World Literature. New York: Bloomsbury, 2017.

Marven, Lyn. Body and Narrative in Contemporary Literatures in German. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005.

Mironescu, Doris. “How Does Exile Make Space? Contemporary Romanian Émigré Literature and the Worldedness of Place: Herta Müller, Andrei Codrescu, Norman Manea.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, 289–305. New York: Bloomsbury, 2018.

Mironescu, Doris.“Uncomfortable Spaces: Language and Identity in Herta Müller’s Work”. World Literature Studies 7, no. 2 (2015): 60–70.

Mitroiu, Simona. “Life Narratives of the Past: Herta Müller on Communist Romania”. The European Legacy 24, no. 2 (2018): 202–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2018.1524045.

Müller, Herta. Leagănul respirației. Translated by Alexandru Al. Şahighian. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2010.

Müller, Herta. The Hunger Angel. Translated by Philip Boehm. London: Portobello Books, 2013.

Müller, Herta. Immer Derselbe Schnee Und Immer Derselbe Onkel [Always the Same Snow and Always the Same Uncle]. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 2013.

Müller, Herta. Der König Verneigt Sich Und Tötet [The King Bows and Kills]. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 2003.

Müller, Herta. Der Teufel Sitzt Im Spiegel [The Devil Sits in the Mirror]. Berlin: Rotbuch, 1991.

Müller, Herta. Traveling on One Leg. Translated by Valentina Glajar and André Lefevere. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1998.

Naumann, Michael. “Bewundernswerte Kunstfertigkeit” [Admirable Craftsmanship]. Die Zeit, August 20, 2009. https://www.zeit.de/2009/35/L-B-Mueller-Pro.

Olaru, Ovio. “Diasporic Nationalism. German Regional Literature from Romania.” In Ruralism and Literature in Romania, edited by Ștefan Baghiu, Vlad Pojoga, and Maria Sass, 249-267. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2019.

Olaru, Ovio. “Ethnocentrism by Proxy: The Ideological Triangulation of Romanian-German Literature.” In Beyond the Iron Curtain, edited by Ștefan Baghiu, Ovio Olaru, and Andrei Terian, 193–214. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2021.

Petrescu, Cristina. “When Dictatorships Fail to Deprive of Dignity: Herta Müller’s «Romanian Period».” In Herta Müller: Politics and Aesthetics, edited by Bettina Brandt and Valentina Glajar. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2013.

Radisch, Iris. “Pathetische Kunstschnee-Prosa” [Pathetic Artificial Snow Prose]. Die Zeit, August 20, 2009. https://www.zeit.de/2009/35/L-B-Mueller-Contra.

Spiridon, Olivia. “From Fact to Fiction.” In Herta Müller: Politics and Aesthetics, edited by Bettina Brandt and Valentina Glajar. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2013.

Stringham, Enikő. “The Critical Reception of Herta Müller in the German and English Printed Media before and after the Nobel Prize for Literature 2009.” PhD diss., Arizona State University, 2011. https://keep.lib.asu.edu/items/149670.

Șimoanca, Ovidiu. “Impecabila Reacţie a Hertei Müller” [Hertei Müller’s Impeccable Reaction]. Observator Cultural, no. 543 (2010). https://www.observatorcultural.ro/articol/impecabila-reactie-a-hertei-Müller/.

Taferner, Barbara. “Der Fremde Blick in Herta Müllers Werk” [The Foreign Gaze in Herta Müller’s Work]. Germanistische Beiträge 26, no. 1 (2010): 70–81. https://uniblaga.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/26.1.5.pdf.

Türcke, Christoph. Heimat. Springe: Zu Klampen Verlag GbR, 2006.

Ung, Snejana. “The Challenges of Writing a National Literary History in the Era of Transnationalism: Insights from a Peripheral Literary Space.” Transilvania, nr. 7-8 (2021): 14–21. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2021.07-08.02.

Vinter, Hannah. “Herta Müller, Oskar Pastior, and Atemschaukel as Poetic Assemblage”. German Life and Letters 73, no. 1 (2020): 121–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/glal.12255.

Wichner, Ernest. “Oskar Pastior Şi Tribulaţiile Informatorului «Otto Stein»” [Oskar Pastior and the Tribulations of the Informer «Otto Stein»]. Observator Cultural, 2010. https://www.observatorcultural.ro/articol/oskar-pastior-si-tribulatiile-informatorului-otto-stein/.

Zehschnetzler, Hanna. Dimensionen Der Heimat Bei Herta Müller [Dimensions of Home in Herta Müller]. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021.

Modernismul queer în circulație: omologii și divergențe între Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu și Virginia Woolf

Autor: Anastasia FUIOAGĂ

Email: anastasia.fuoaga16@yahoo.com

Rezumat

Circulating Queer Modernism: Homologies and Divergences between Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu and Virginia Woolf

Abstract: If the relationship between Romanian and world literature is becoming an increasingly present topic in current research, due to materialist-based theoretical tools of Immanuel Wallerstein and further the WReC research, the role played by queer studies in understanding networks of cultural circulation often remains neglected. An example of this is the notion of queer modernism, which could prove to be an indispensable tool in mapping the cultural relations of exchange between Romanian literature and that of Western centers in the first half of the 20th century. Feminist and queer modernist studies show that the subject of queerness, centered especially around the crisis of gender definition, constitutes one of the major forces in the development and circulation of literary modernism, where the expansion language’s limits in prose is underpinned, in subtext, by the attempt to transgress the cisheteronormativity of the era. Starting from Eugen Lovinescu’s attempt to establish a structural homology between Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu and Marcel Proust, I use the concept of queer modernism to propose, rather, an ideological homology between the Romanian writer and Virginia Woolf. Confronting two contexts marked, on the one hand, by similar patriarchal conditions and, on the other hand, by important local specificities, I aim to trace what kind of response to these conditions each author’s prose embodies, directing my attention to strategies of encoding queerness in their novels. I will observe the main point of divergence in the two authors’ representations of queerness: where Virginia Woolf conceives of a character who openly disrupts the stability of the dichotomous sex-gender system in Orlando, Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu almost opaquely encodes the lesbian relationship between two female characters in Drumul ascuns [The Hidden Road]. I will argue that one of the impediments to the wider circulation of queer modernism in Romanian literature is the imperative to construct a legitimate national culture, incompatible with elements that question traditional values, especially in the post-1918 political context. The comparison with Virginia Woolf will function as a means to delineate the diverse manifestations of queerness within various contexts related to modernity, conceived as a global phenomenon.

Keywords: queer, modernism, Virginia Woolf, world literature, Romanian literature

Bibliografie

Anemțoaicei, Ovidiu. “Queer sau despre activism în gândire” [Queer or Activism in Thought] Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2020): 42-50.

Baghiu, Ștefan. “Translations of Novels in the Romanian Culture During the Long Nineteenth Century (1794-1914): A Quantitative Perspective.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 6, no. 2 (2020): 87-106.

Benstock, Shari. Women of the Left Bank: Paris 1900-1940. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986.

Berman, Jessica. “Is the Trans in Transnational the Trans in Transgender?”. In Modernism/modernity 24, no. 2 (2017): 217-244.

Brown, Stephanie J. “Woolf’s Feminism.” In The Oxford Handbook of Virginia Woolf, edited by Anne E. Fernald, 311-325. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.

Burța-Cernat, Bianca. Fotografie de grup cu scriitoare uitate. Proza feminină interbelică [Group Photograph of Forgotten Female Authors. Women’s Prose In the Interwar Period]. București: Cartea Românească, 2011.

Casanova, Pascale. Republica mondială a literelor [The World Republic of Letters]. Translated by Cristina Bîrzu. Bucharest: Art, 2016.

Caserio, Robert L. “Queer Modernism.” In The Oxford Handbook of Modernisms, edited by Peter Brooker, Andrzej Gąsiorek, Deborah Longworth and Andrew Thacker, 199-217. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Cernat, Paul. “Communicating Vessels: The Avant-Garde, Antimodernity, and Radical Culture in Romania between the First and the Second World Wars.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, 195-214. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017.

Dima, Ramona. Queer Culture in Romania, 1920-2018. Palgrave Macmillan: 2023.

Drucker, Peter. Warped: Gay Normality and Queer Anti-Capitalism (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2015).

Gârdan, Daiana. “The Great Female Unread. Romanian Women Novelists in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: A Quantitative Approach.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 4, no. 1 (2018): 109-124.

Gârdan, Daiana. Între lumi. Romanul românesc în sistemul literar modern [Between Worlds. The Romanian Novel In the Modern Literary System] Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărții de Știință, 2023.

Goldiș, Alex. “Beyond Nation Building: Literary History as Transnational Geolocation.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, Andrei Terian, 93-113. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017.

Ionescu, Arleen. “From Virginia Woolf to Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu: Adaptation, Intertextuality or Zeitgeist?.” National Central University Journal of Humanities 70 (2020): 85-128.

Kahan, Benjamin. “Queer Modernism”. In A Handbook of Modernism Studies, edited by Jean-Michel Rabaté, 347-362. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Limited, 2013.

Lovinescu, Eugen. Istoria literaturii române contemporane [The History of Contemporary Romanian Literature], vol. IV. Bucharest: “Ancora” S. Benvenisti & Co., 1928.

Modoc, Emanuel. Internaționala periferiilor: rețeaua avangardelor din Europa Centrală și de Est [The International of Peripheries: The Network of Central and Eastern European Avant-Garde Networks]. Bucharest: Editura Muzeul Literaturii române, 2020.

Modoc, Emanuel. “Câteva revizitări ale conceptelor de modernism și avangardă în discursul critic și istoriografic contemporan” [A Few Revisitations of the Concepts of Modernism and Avant-Garde in Contemporary Critic and Historiographic Discourses]. Transilvania, no. 3 (2019): 16-21.

Moroșan, Ioana. “Romanian Women Writers and the Literary Profession during the First Half of the 20th Century: Exclusion, Feminisation and Professionalisation of Writing.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 8, no. 1 (2022): 105-125.

Mușat, Carmen. “After «Imitation»: Aesthetic Intersections, Geocultural Networks, and the Rise of Modern Romanian Literature.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, ed. Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, Andrei Terian, 115-131. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017.

Papadat-Bengescu, Hortensia. Opere. Vol. I [Works, Vol. I]. Coordinated by Gabriela Omăt, with an introductory study by Eugen Simion. Bucharest: Editura Fundației Naționale pentru Știință și Artă, 2012.

Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. Epistemology of the Closet. Berkley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990.

Terian, Andrei. “Faces of Modernity in Romanian Literature.” Alea 16, no. 1 (2014): 15-34.

Tudurachi, Ligia. Grup sburător. Trăitul și scrisul împreună în cenaclul lui E. Lovinescu [Sburător Group. Living and Writing Together in E. Lovinescu’s Literary Group]. Timișoara: Editura Universității de Vest, 2019.

Winning, Joanne. “Lesbian Sexuality in the Story of Modernism.” In The Oxford Handbook of Modernisms, edited by Peter Brooker, Andrzej Gąsiorek, Deborah Longworth și Andrew Thacker, 218-235. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Woolf, Virginia. Orlando, edited by Brenda Lyons, with an introduction and notes by Sandra M. Gilbert. London: Penguin Books, 1993.

Dubla periferalitate a poetelor din perioada interbelică: Infantilizarea și minimalizarea autoarelor de la cenaclul Sburătorul

Autor: Geanina GIUHAT

Email: geaninaioana.giuhat@ulbsibiu.ro

Rezumat

The Double Peripherality of Interwar Women Poets: Infantilization and Minimization of the Authors of the Sburătorul Circle

Abstract: This study investigates, on the one hand, the mechanisms of making invisible the texts written by interwar women writers and, on the other hand, their double peripherality in the modernist canon, using elements of literary sociology as methodology. At the same time, a metacritical reflection on the representations of poets in literary criticism identifies the ways in which the voices of interwar women poets were reduced to forms of creation with a secondary degree of importance. The study focuses on the infantilization and minimalization of the poets of the Sburătorul cenacle, considering its modernist contribution and importance in the interwar literary climate in Romania and the way in which the two imperatives that are imposed in the cenacle as forms of literary sociability, group consciousness & the process of creative individualization, generate a reduction and dislocation of the position of women writers, socializing them into the category of „feminine literature”. Two „recuperations’ of interwar women poets are also questioned, that of Al. Cistelecan, Fete pierdute. Notițe pentru o istorie a poesia feminine românești [Lost Girls: Notes Towards a History on Romanian Feminine Poetry], and the anthology coordinated by Alina Purcaru & Paula Erizanu, Un secol de poezie română scrisă de femei (1918-1944) [A Century of Romanian Poetry Written By Women (1918-1944)], problematizing how the reparative revisiting of the contributions made by women poets is functionalized.

Key-words: inter-war women poets, Sburătorul, infantilisation and minimalisation, literary dislocation, Sanda Movilă, invisibilization of women’s writing

Bibliografie

Bourdieu, Pierre. Dominația masculină [Masculine Domination]. Translated by Bogdan Ghiu. Bucharest: Editura ART, 2017.

Bucur, Maria. Gendering Modernism: A Historical Reappraisal of the Canon. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017.

Cistelecan, Al. Fete pierdute. Notițe pentru o istorie a poeziei feminine românești [Lost Girls: Notes Towards a History on Romanian Feminine Poetry]. Chișinău: Cartier, 2021.

Colins, Patricia Hill and Sirma Bilge. Intersecționalitate [Intersectionality]. Translation by Cătălina Stanislav and Anca-Simina Martin. Sibiu: Editura „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, 2021.

Cornis-Pope, Marcel. “Women at the Foundation of the Romanian Literary Culture. From Muse to Writing Agent.” In History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Edited by Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, 229-240. Amsterdam: John Benjamin Publishing Company, 2004.

Dianu, Romulus. “Vitrina cărții românești” [Romanian Literature Showcase]. Rampa, no. 2440 (1925): 1.

Eagleton, Terry. Criticism and Ideology: A Study in Marxist Literary Theory. London: Verso, 1976.

ela, bianca. poame divine [divine fruits]. Bucharest: frACTalia, 2021.

Gârdan, Daiana. „The Life of a Literary Network – A Quantitative Approach to Sburătorul Literary Cenacle.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 8, No. 1 (2022): 151-165, https://www.ceeol.com/search/viewpdf?id=1091849.

Goldiș, Alex. „Beyond Nation Building: Literary History as Transnational Geolocation.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, 95-113. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.

Iancu, Medeea. Țesătoarea. Opera instrumentală. Bucharest: frACTalia, 2023.

Ibrăileanu, G. Opere. II. Note şi impresii. După război. Scriitori români şi străini. Studii literare [Writings. II. Notes and Impressions. After War. Romanian Writers and Foreigners. Literary Studies.]. Bucharest: Fundaţia Naţională pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă, 2014.

Irigary, Luce. This Sex Which Is Not One. Translation by Catherine Porter and Carolyn Burke. New York: Cornell University Press, 1985.

Lovinescu, E. Istoria literaturii române contemporane [History of Contemporary Romanian Literature]. Bucharest: Editura Fundaţiei Naţionale pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă, 2015.

Lovinescu, E. Aquaforte, vol. 3. Bucharest: Minerva, 1983.

Lovinescu, Eugen. Istoria literaturii române contemporane. Bucharest: Editura Fundaţiei Naţionale pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă, 2015.

Lupașcu, Emanuel. “Postumanul ca world literature. Cazul SF-ului românesc interbelic” [The Posthuman as World Literature: The Case of Interwar Romanian Science Fiction]. Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2022): 35-44.

Marghita, Emilia. “Declarația mea” [My Declaration]. In Un secol de poezie română scrisă de femei (1918-1944), edited by Alina Purcaru and Paula Erizanu, 131-140. Chișinău: Cartier, 2021.

Movilă, Sanda. “Datoria unei atitudini militante, bărbăteşti” [Duty of A Militant, Masculine Attitude]. Lupta de clasă, no. 5 (1969): 60-61.

Movilă, Sanda. “Poem necunoscutei luptătoare de la 1848” [Poem to the Unknown Warrioress from 1848]. In Un secol de poezie română scrisă de femei (1918-1944), edited by Alina Purcaru and Paula Erizanu, 125-6. Chișinău: Cartier, 2021.

Pojoga, Vlad, Daiana Gârdan, Ștefan Baghiu, Cosmin Borza, Iunis Minculete, and Denisa Frătean. „Diversitatea identitară în romanul românesc (1844-1932)” [Diversity and Identity in The Romanian Novel (1844-1932)]. Transilvania 10 (2020): 33-44. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/214f/5d6b726578b38f28b3456132568581d6aa68.pdf.

Purcaru, Alina, and Paula Erizanu, ed. Un secol de poezie română scrisă de femei (1918-1944) [A Century of Romanian Poetry Written by Women (1918-1944)]. Chișinău: Cartier, 2021.

Purcaru, Alina, and Paula Erizanu. “Voci între războaie” [Voices Between Wars]. In Un secol de poezie română scrisă de femei (1918-1944), edited by Alina Purcaru and Paula Erizanu, 11-17. Chișinău: Cartier, 2021.

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Sandu, Laura. Scrieri feministe [Feminist Writings]. Bucharest: frACTalia, 2022.

Sebastian, Mihail. “Sanda Movilă: Desfigurații” [Sanda Movilă: The Disfigurateds]. Rampa, nr. 5341 (noiembrie 1935): 1.

Streinu, Vladimir. “Ana Luca: Candelă” [Ana Luca: Vigil Light]. Timpul 974 (January 1940): 2.

Șuluțiu, Octav. “SANDA MOVILĂ: Nălucile” [Sanda Movilă: Phantoms]. Viața Românească, no. 4-5 (1946): 173-175.

Tudurachi, Ligia. Grup sburător. Trăitul și scrisul împreună în cenaclul lui E. Lovinescu. [Sburător Group. Living and Writing Together at E. Lovinescu’s Cenacle]. Timișoara: Editura Universității Timișoara, 2019.

Vrioni, Aida. “Cartea femeii” [Woman’sa Book]. Rampa, No. 2447 (December 1925): 1.

Imperii și ecouri: literatura română în vortexul interimperial

Autor: Denisa CHIRTEȘ

Email: teodora.mirica@yahoo.com

Rezumat

Empires and Echoes: Romanian Literature in the Interimperial Vortex

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the differences in reception between Western and Romanian academia regarding the study Creolizing the Modern by Manuela Boatcă and Anca Parvulescu, a work that brings together the approaches of inter-imperial studies (Laura Doyle) with world-system analysis, a productive aspect for recent literary studies using the Wallersteinian grid. The volume has had a significant impact in Western academic circles, being reviewed in several publications, but has received little attention in Romanian academic circles, with the exception of the issue dedicated to it in the journal Transilvania. In a similar way, both Manuela Boatcă’s doctoral thesis (which, although in the sociological sphere, starts from Maiorescu) and the volume Laboratories of Modernity (which problematizes the political conception of Maiorescu and Eminescu) have remained neglected. This phenomenon indicates a certain “resistance” of Romanian academia to sociological and interdisciplinary approaches, partly due to a long tradition of literary autonomism. The aim of this paper is to highlight this tension between the sociological perspective and the tradition of literary autonomism and to explore the reasons why approaches investigating the intersection of social factors, ideology, economics and politics are not well received in Romanian literary studies, but at the same time enjoy recognition in the West, while pointing out contributions from the Romanian area that depart from the theorists’ project or apply the inter-imperial grid in a distinct manner.

Key-words: inter-imperiality, postcolonial studies, semi-peripherality, western reception

Bibliografie

Balázs, Imre József. “New Scales for Regional Studies in Creolizing the Modern: Transylvania across Empires.” Transilvania, no. 10 (2022): 23-25.

Ban, Cornel. “Inter-imperiality: A Political Economy Reading.” Transilvania, no. 10 (2022): 15-22.

Behrendt, Andrew. “Pârvulescu, Anca, and Manuela Boatcă. Creolizing the Modern: Transylvania across Empries.” Austrian History Yearbook 54 (2023): 1-2.

Boatcă, Manuela. Laboratoare ale modernității: Europa de Est și America Latină în (co)relație. Translated by Ciprian Șiulea and Ovidiu Țichindeleanu. Cluj-Napoca: Idea Design & Print, 2019.

Chiorean, Maria. “Adapting to Survive: Postcolonial Studies Today and the Emergence of the Inter-Imperial Reading Method.” Transilvania, no. 10 (2022): 1-14.

Cistelecan, Alex. “Critica rațiunii decoloniale” [Critique of Decolonial Thinking]. Criticatac, April 5, 2016: https://www.criticatac.ro/critica-ratiunii-decoloniale/.

Doyle, Laura. “Inter-imperiality and Literary Studies in the Longer Durée.” PMLA 130, no. 2 (2015).

Doyle, Laura. “Inter-imperiality, Interventions.” International Journal of Postcolonial Studies 16, no. 2 (2014): 159-196.

Doyle, Laura. “Inter-imperiality: An Introduction.” Modern Fiction Studies 64. no. 3 (2018): 395-402.

Doyle, Laura. Inter-imperiality: Vying Empires, Gendered Labor, and the Literary Arts of Alliance. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2020.

Iovănel, Mihai. Istoria literaturii române contemporane: 1990-2020 [The History of Contemporary Romanian Literature: 1990-2020]. Iași: Polirom, 2021.

Itzigsohn, José. “Book Review: Creolizing the Modern: Transylvania Across Empires. Anca Pârvulescu and Manuela Boatcă.” Journal of World Systems Research 29, no. 1 (2023): 250-252.

Jovanović, Miloš. “Book Review: Creolizing the Modern: Transylvania Across Empires. Anca Pârvulescu and Manuela Boatcă.” Journal of World Systems Research 29, no. 1 (2023): 246-249.

Parvulescu, Anca, and Boatcă, Manuela. Creolizarea modernului. Transilvania la răscrucea imperiilor [Creolizing the Modern. Transylvania across Empires]. Translated from English by Ciprian Șiulea. Editura ULBS, 2024.

Parvulescu, Anca, and Manuela Boatcă. Creolizing the Modern: Transylvania across Empires. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2022.

Rogozanu, Costi. “Rebreanu, creatorul reprezentării literare mic-burgheze a țărănimii” [Rebreanu, the Creator of the Petite Bourgeois Literary Representation of Peasantry]. Transilvania, no. 10 (2022): 40-45.

Ștefănescu, Bogdan. “Filling in the Historical Blanks: A Tropology of the Void in Postcommunist and Postcolonial Reconstructions of Identity.” In Postcolonial Europe? Essays on Post-Communist Literatures and Cultures, edited by Dobrota Pucherova and Robert Gafrik, 107-121. Leiden: Brill, 2015.

Terian, Andrei. “Is There an East-Central Europe Postcolonialism? Towards a Unified Theory of (Inter)Literary Dependency.” World Literature Sutides 3 (2012): 21-36.

Terian, Andrei. Critica de export. Teorii, contexte, ideologii [Export Criticism: Theories, Contexts, Ideologies]. Bucharest: Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2013.

Tichindeleanu, Ovidiu. “O primă dezbatere: gândirea decolonială și neînțelegerea ei dinspre stânga” [A First Debate: Decolonial Thinking and Its Misunderstanding from the Left]”. Criticatac, May 17, 2016. https://www.criticatac.ro/o-prima-dezbatere-gandirea-decoloniala-si-neintelegerea-ei-dinspre-stanga/.

Todorova, Maria. Imagining the Balkans. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Dimensiunile și valențele simbolice ale spațiului în proza interbelică feminină. Cella Serghi și Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu

Autor: Teodora MIRICĂ

Email: teodora.mirica@yahoo.com

Rezumat

The Symbolic Dimensions and Valences of Space in the Interwar Feminine Prose: Cella Serghi and Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu

Abstract: On the background of the synthesis of the concept of femininity in the Romanian literature and in the light of gender studies and geocriticism, this paper aims to question an intimate relationship between female subjects and fictional space in four interwar and postwar novels written by women: Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu’s 1925 Fecioarele despletite [The Disheveled Maidens], 1927 Concert din muzică de Bach [A Concert of Bach’s Music], Cella Serghi’s 1950 Cartea Mironei [Mirona`s book] and 1970 Gențiane [Gentians]. Through close reading and other methods, this paper aims to demonstrate the existence of a transfer between novelists and their characters. Obsessed with self-definition, they project the same infatuation upon their female subjects. In this matter, space becomes a subject of interest and the construction of fictional spaces, the authors are influenced by their new conquest, oscillating between known spaces, with which they are familiar, and daring to claim other spaces.

Keywords: women novelist, interwar & postwar Romanian novel, female subject, space, analysis of relations.

Bibliografie

Bachelard, Gaston. Poetica spațiului [The Poetics of Space], translated by Irina Bădescu. Pitești: Paralela 45, 2005.

Burța-Cernat, Bianca. Fotografie de grup cu scriitoare uitate. Proza feminină interbelică [Group Photography with Forgotten Women Writers: The Interwar Feminine Prose]. Bucharest: Cartea românească, 2011.

Farmatu, Teona. “De ce nu avem alternativă la autenticismul masculin? Focus: Într-un cămin de domnișoare de Anișoara Odeanu și Tinerețe de Lucia Demetrius” [Why don’t we have an alternative to male authenticity? Focus: In a Young Ladies’s Home by Anișoara Odeanu and Youth by Lucia Demetrius]. Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2022): 1-12.

Manolescu, Nicolae. Arca lui Noe [Noah’s Ark]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 2018.

Moretti, Franco. “Conjectures on world literature.” New Left Review 1 (2000): 54-68.

Moroșan, Ioana. “Proza scriitoarelor postbelice. Condițiile celui de-al doilea val de ratare” [The Prose of Women Writers after WWII. The Conditions of the Second Wave of Failure] Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2020): 120-128.

Papadat-Bengescu, Hortenisa. Fecioarele despletite [The Disheveled Maidens]. Bucharest: Eminescu, 1982.

Papadat-Bengescu, Hortenisa. Concert din muzică de Bach [A Concert of Bach’s Music]. Bucharest: Jurnalul Național, 2009.

Protopopescu, Alexandru. Romanul psihologic românesc [The Romanian Psychological Novel]. Bucharest: Eminescu, 1978.

Rad, Doina. Viața ca rescriere. Cella Serghi [Life as Re-Writing: Cella Serghi]. Cluj-Napoca: Accent, 2010.

Serghi, Cella. Cartea Mironei [Mirona’s Book]. Bucharest: Jurnalul Național, 2009.

Serghi, Cella. Gențiane. Bucharest: Jurnalul Național, 2014.

Tudor Anton, Eugenia. Ipostaze ale prozei [Hypostases of Prose]. Bucharest: Cartea românească, 1977.

Woolf, Virginia. O cameră separată [A Room of One’s Own] trad. Radu Paraschivescu. Bucharest: Univers, 1999.

Când timpul nu există: strategii de traducere folosite în transpunerea timpului mai mult ca perfect românesc în limba polonă pe exemplul romanului Ion de Liviu Rebreanu

Autor: Aleksander PODGORNY

Email: 8viridian@gmail.com

Rezumat

When Time Does Not Exist: Translation Strategies Used in Transferring the Romanian Tense mai mult ca perfectul Into Polish in the Example of Liviu Rebreanu’s Novel Ion

Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the methods of translating the Romanian tense mai mult ca perfectul into Polish. The object of the analysis consists of two Polish translations of the Romanian novel Ion by Liviu Rebreanu: the first, published in 1932, translated by Stanisław Łukasik, and the second one in 1972 by Danuta Bieńkowska. The corpus was analysed using methods from digital humanities and manual analysis. Since the Romanian tense mai mult ca perfectul does not have a direct equivalent in contemporary Polish, translators had to resort to various translation techniques. The study identified 14 different translation strategies, which were categorised according to morphological criteria. The study analyses and compares the solutions adopted by the translators.

Keywords: pluperfect tense, interwar Romanian literature, literary translation, mai-mult-ca-perfectul, Polish translators

Bibliografie

Al-Alami, Suhair. “Point of View in Narrative.” Theory and Practice in Language Studies, no. 9 (2019): 911-916.

Bańko, Mirosław. Wykłady z polskiej fleksji [Lectures on Polish Inflection]. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2007.

Bartosiewicz-Nikolaev, Olga, and Tomasz Krupa. “Bibliografia romanului în limba română tradus în limba polonă până în 2023” [The Bibliography of the Novel in Romanian Translated into Polish Until 2023]. Dacoromania Litteraria, no. 10 (2023): 279-292.

Bartosiewicz-Nikolaev, Olga, and Tomasz Krupa. “A Project of Interperipheral History of the Romanian Novel: The Polish Case.” Dacoromania Litteraria, no. 11 (2024). forthcoming.

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Sfidând granițele literaturii canonice: literatura licențioasă

Autor: Mihaela-Lorelai ANGHEL

Email: lorelai.anghel@yahoo.com

Rezumat

Defying the Boundaries of Canonical Literature: Licentious Literature

Abstract: As a victim of prejudices fueled by a rationale of social, economic, and cultural control, licentious literature still stands nowadays at the opposite pole of canonical—or hyper-canonical—literature. Using the conceptual apparatus supported by David Damrosch, this literary genre belongs, with few exceptions, to the shadow canon and counter canon. Although licentious literature represents an artistic manifestation that advocates for freedom of thought, expression, and creation, its libertine, obscene, erotic, or even pornographic nature and language have pushed it into a corner. By placing themselves on the edge, various writers from different ages have engaged with this type of writing, which is also a way of exposing social norms, dominant cultural discourse of a certain era, or the literary limits; and they have done so without fail, in some cases, at the cost of facing repercussions. Literary criticism, too, has struggled to react to this genre of literature, often finding its tools challenged and frequently invalidated. This genre, despite having received a discriminative treatment, is the focus of this article; we aim to revisit the concept of licentious literature through the following lens, which often goes beyond a strictly literary approach: what is licentious literature and what are its conceptual boundaries, how does this type of literature position itself in relation to official discourse and literary tradition, what is the profile of the writer who embraces such writing, including the profile of the consumer, and what are its modes of circulation, the moment it appears on the local literary scene, the forms it takes, and, last but not least, its epic, thematic, compositional particularities, and its vision over existence?

Keywords: licentious literature, autonomous discourse, countercanon, marginal.

Bibliografie

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Păduraru, Mircea, Fondul interzis. Incursiune în antropologia folclorului licențios [The Forbidden Archive. An Incursion into the Licentious Folklore]. Iași: Editura Universității „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, 2023.

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Patologia bovarică în nuvela sadoveniană Haia Sanis

Autor: Elena PURUȘNIUC

Email: e.purusniuc@yahoo.com

Rezumat

The Bovaric Pathology in the Sadovenian Short Story Haia Sanis

Abstract: The article analyzes the convergence between French literature, though a masterpiece of world literature, Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert, and the Romanian short story Haia Sanis by Mihail Sadoveanu. Both texts follow the Bovaric literary phenomenon. Moreover, Bovarism can also be seen as a pathology, and the sources can be both social and psychological in nature. If we deeply analyze the social aspect, we will discover that the presence of the village is a common point in both texts, which causes weal personalities characterized by Bovaric action and thinking. In the view of both female characters (Emma Bovary and Haia Sanis), vice is the antonym of boredom. This idea is basically generated by a uniform life lived in the middle of a village. This aversion to reality felt by the female characters is caused by the environment where they live, so they try to feel freedom by living a life without morals and principles as a response to collective thinking. Further, by applying feminist theories, we can prove that another cause for this behavior is the patriarchal system, due to the fact that in both texts, men are more privileged than women, especially because they can work, while women are forced to stay at home and to perceive reality through an overly romantic lens, based on hearing or reading love stories.

Keywords: Bovarism, French literature, feminist theory, Gustave Flaubert, Mihail Sadoveanu, patriarchy.

Bibliografie

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George Orwell în presa română din perioada comunismului

Autor: Alexandra MILEȘAN

Email: alexandrabelen.milesan@ulbsibiu.ro

Rezumat

George Orwell in the Romanian Press During the Communist Period

Abstract: The present study examines various articles published in the press during Romania’s communist era that mention George Orwell, focusing on how different writers or magazines captured his intellectual activity. Depending on the year and the objectives of the articles, a quantitative and qualitative classification emerges, highlighting an evolution in the way Orwell was received, shaped by the social, political, and economic factors of the time. Given that Orwell was often used as a symbol of the West, particular emphasis is placed on the ideas circulated in the articles in which he appears, even though many of his works and activities were omitted in the media. By the end of the study, the factors that influenced how Orwell was perceived and criticized between 1984 and 1989—whether as a writer or as a representative of Western ideology—are brought to light.

Keywords: George Orwell, dystopia, Traveling theory, Romanian press, communism.

Bibliografie

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Baghiu, Ștefan. “O Periodizare a Traducerilor De Roman În Perioada Comunistă” [A Periodization of Translations of Novel in the Communist Period]. Vatra, no. 8-9 (2020): 107–113.

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Lupașcu, Emanuel. “Postumanul ca world literature. Cazul SF-ului românesc interbelic” [The Posthuman as World Literature: The Case of Interwar Romanian Science Fiction]. Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2022): 35-44.

Moretti, Franco. “Conjectures on World Literature.” New Left Review, no. 1 (2000): 54–68.

Patriche, Eugen. “Proliferarea speciilor și limitele genului” [The Proliferation of Species and the Limits of Genre]. Amfiteatru, no. 19 (July 1, 1967): 106.

Pop-Corniş, Mihaela. “Coordonare la nivel de propoziție în limbile engleză și română” [Coordination at Sentence Level in English and Romanian]. Analele Universității din Timișoara – Științe Filologice (1976): 46-75.

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Cosmopolitism periferic: un studiu asupra conștiinței periferice în proza basarabeană contemporană

Autor: Hanna HAN

Email: ioanahanna.han@ulbsibiu.ro

Rezumat

Peripheral Cosmopolitanism: A Study of The Peripheral Counscience in Contemporary Bessarabian Prose

Abstract: The concept of cosmopolitanism is a political, moral and cultural concept that emerged with the age of globalization but became more visible with the tragedy of September 11, 2001. In a capitalist world where transnational connections are increasingly important, it becomes pivotal not only to be aware of the other and of planetary diversity, but also to try to understand and even empathize with the rest of the cultures. This desire to be recognized is usually directed from the peripheries and semi-peripheries towards the centers. This article aims to analyze how this concept can be applied to the Romanian-language Bessarabian literature, a literature that has always, in the 20th and 21st centuries, been part of the cosmopolitanism of another literature (the Soviet and the Romanian one, respectively). The terminology proposed by Pnina Werbner, namely the term vernacular cosmopolitanism, will be used in order to distance this field from the Western gaze that looks with empathy at underdeveloped cultures and to help emphasize the inter-peripheral dialogues. First, the post-1991 critical discourse in both Bessarabia and Romania will be analyzed, how some Moldavian critics seek integration into Romanian literature without differentiation, and the response of Romanian critics and scholars. In the second part, the discussion is focus on contemporary Bessarabian literature, with a case study on Tatiana Țîbuleac and Vasile Ernu, in order to follow how they manage to build a “localized” cosmopolitanism, and are able to translate the local for the global due to the initial desire to be received by a country in a semi-peripheral position, namely Romania.

Keywords: Bessarabian literature, peripheral cosmopolitanism, transnationality, vernacular comsopolitanism, unequal development

Bibliografie

Achar, G. Marxism, Orientalism, Cosmopolitanism. London: Saqi Books, 2013. ebook.

Bâlici, Mihnea. “World-Literature and the Bessarabian Literary System. Combined and Uneven Development in The Semiperiphery.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory, no. 1 (2022): 84-104.

Bantoș, Ana. “Regăsirea de sine în literatura basarabeană: flux și reflux (VI)” [Self Discovery in Bessarabian Literature: Flow and Ebb (VI)]. Limba Română, no. 1 (2021): 202-208.

Cimpoi, Mihai. O istorie deschisă a literaturii române din Basarabia [An Open History of Romanian Literature in Bessarabia]. Bucharest: Editura Fundaţiei Culturale Române, 2002.

Ciobanu, Olesea. “Climatul general politic și cultural din Basarabia sovietizată (scriitorii basarabeni în lupta contra ideologiei comuniste)” [The General Political and Cultural Climate in Soviet Bessarabia]. Colocviul “Filologia modernă: realizări şi perspective în context european”, 5th edition (2011): 88-93.

Cheah, Pheng. “Cosmopolitanism.” Theory, Culture & Society, no. 2-3 (2006): 486-496.

Cusco, Andrei. A Contested Borderland: Competing Russian and Romanian Visions of Bessarabia in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2017.

Dabija, Nicolae. “O altfel de istorie a literaturii române din Basarabia” [A Different History of the Romanian Literature in Bessarabia]. Cucuteni – 5000 Redivivus: Ştiinţe exacte şi mai puţin exacte, no. 15 (2020): 77-80.

Diaconu, Mircea A. “Reading Microliterature: Language, Ethnicity, Polyterritoriality.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru and Andrei Terian, 135-156. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.

Ernu, Vasile. Sălbaticii copii dingo [The Savage Dingo Kids]. Iași: Polirom, 2021.

Hiebert, G. “Cosmopolitanism at the Local Level: The Development of Transnational Neighbourhoods.” In Conceiving Cosmopolitanism: Theory, Context and Practice, edited by S. Vertovec and R. Cohen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Iovănel, Mihai. Istoria literaturii române contemporane 1990-2020 [The History of Contemporary Romanian Literature 1990-2020]. Iași: Polirom, 2021.

Morariu, David. “Despre code-switching în literaturile scrise în limbi periferice. Multilingvism și strategii discursive în romanul românesc din secolul al XIX-lea” [About Code-switching in Literatures Written in Peripheral Languages. Multilingualism and Discursive Strategies in The Romanian 19th Century Novel]. Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2022): 21-34.

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Rachieru, Adrian Dinu. „Există o «literatură moldovenească»?” [Does a “Moldovan Literature” exist?]. Limba Română, no. 49-50 (2006): 190-196.

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Schiop, Adrian. “Sociologia romanului românesc (I). Anchetă scriitori” [The Sociology of Romanian Novel]. Vatra, no. 5-6 (2021): 40-42.

Țîbuleac, Tatiana. Grădina de sticlă [The Glass Garden]. Chișinău: Cartier, 2018.

Varga, Dragoș, and Stefan Baghiu. “Mirrored Otherness and Microhistory in Post-Soviet Literature: The Estranged Milieus in Vasile Ernu’s Essays and Fiction.” Transylvanian review 31, supplement no. 1 (2022): 223-234.

WReC. Combined and Uneven Development: Towards a New Theory of World-Literature. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2015.

Werbner, Pnina. “De-orientalising Vernacular Cosmopolitanism: Toward a Local Cosmopolitan Ethics.” Beyond Cosmopolitanism: Towards Planetary Transformations. London: Palgrave Macmillan, (2018): 275-296.

Yeĝenoĝlu, Meyda. “Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism in a globalized world.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 28, no. 1 (2005): 103-131.

Literatura română și basarabeană în dialog interperiferic: circulația modelului literar basarabean

Autor: Iulia Maria VÎRBAN

Email: iulia.maria.virban@gmail.com

Rezumat

Romanian and Bessarabian Literature in Interperipheral Dialog: The Circulation of the Bessarabian Literary Model

Abstract: This article explores the inter-peripheral relationship between Romania and the Republic of Moldova, focusing on two aspects: a sociological perspective and a literary analysis of four Bessarabian authors—Vasile Ernu, Iulian Ciocan, Liliana Corobca, and Tatiana Țîbuleac. Sociologically, I examine how institutions like the Romanian Cultural Institute (ICR) increase Bessarabia’s visibility and reduce its peripheral status by promoting its literature in transnational fields. Also, the internationalization of Bessarabian literature is seen in the alignment of Moldovan prose with Romanian literary trends, particularly in the tension between memory-focused and “presentist” novels. This process involves both identification with post-2000 Romanian literary changes and an exoticization linked to the authors’ Soviet, Russophile aesthetics, clearly reflected in their narratives, and this topic will be the focus of the article’s second part.

Keywords: Bessarabian Literature, World Literature, export, the centre-periphery relationship, interperipheral dialog

Bibliografie

Bâlici, Mihnea. “World-Literature and the Bessarabian Literary System. Combined and Uneven Development in the Semiperiphery”. Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 8, no. 1 (2022): 84-104.

Braga, Corin, ed. Enciclopedia imaginariilor din România, vol. I [Encyclopedia of Romanian Imaginaries]. Iași: Polirom, 2020.

Ciocan, Iulian. Înainte să moară Brejnev [Before Brezhnev Died]. Iași: Polirom, 2007.

Cistelecan, Alex. “Vasile Ernu, lider al luptei anticomuniste din apartamentul său” [Vasile Ernu, leader of the anticommunist fight in his own apartment]. Vatra, no. 10, November 2006.

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Monstruozitate, extincție și alienare în poezia recentă română și basarabeană

Autor: Bogdan VIȘAN

Email: visan0bogdan@gmail.com

Rezumat

Monstrosity, Extinction, and Capitalism in Contemporary Romanian and Bessarabian Poetry

Abstract: This essay proposes to map the inter-peripheral relation between recent Romanian and Bessarabian poetry based on similar tropes involved in the circuit of literary themes of monstrosity and apocalypse. Hence, starting from monstrous appearances and unimaginable futures, the aim is to question what happens to the poetry of a peripheral culture (the Bessarabian one) when it evolves in conjunction with and occurs within another (the Romanian one). The case study discusses the poetry of Romanian writers Ștefan Manasia and Mircea Andrei Florea, and Bessarabian writers Ion Buzu and Dumitru Fanfarov. It highlights a materialist reading of tropes of monstrosity which are (slightly differently) approached and shared by Romanian and Bessarabian authors, making it possible to assess their inter-peripheral entanglement. Although the dystopian scenario has been generally claimed to be representative of sci-fi literature, I argue that the ethos of dystopia has spread “epidemically” across the literary discourses, including the discourse of poetry. Moreover, I intend to trace the relation of these (semi)peripheral cultures to the capitalist world-system, so to capture the common front in which they affirm themselves in relation to the monstrous system.

Keywords: Romanian and Bessarabian poetry, inter-peripheral relation, monstrosity, apocalypse, dystopia, polycrisis

Bibliografie

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Tally Jr., Robert T. Fiction of Dread. Dystopia, Monstrosity, and Apocalypse. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing Inc., 2024.

Terian, Andrei. Critica de export: teorii, context, ideologii [Export Criticism: Theories, Context, Ideologies]. Bucharest: Editura Muzeului Literaturii Române, 2013.

Terian, Andrei. “Writing Transnational Histories of ‘National’ Literatures: Baudelaire and Proust as Romanian Authors.” In Translations and Semi-Peripheral Cultures: Worlding the Romanian Novel in the Modern Literary System, edited by Alex Goldiș and Ștefan Baghiu, 45-57. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2022.

Poetici matematice și emoții în centrifugă: importuri terminologice din științele tari în discursurile poetice (semi)periferice

Autor: Iulia Pietraru

Email: andreeaiulia.pietraru@ulbsibiu.ro

Rezumat

Mathematical Poetics and Emotions in the Centrifuge: Terminological Imports from Hard Sciences in (Semi-)peripheral Poetic Discourses

Abstract: In the texture of current poetic formulae in the Romanian poetic space (alt-lit, digital poetry, digital-realist, digital-scientist, retro-digital, minimalist-biographical poetry, etc.), the experimental-scientific one emerges, marginally, converting a voice imported from the hard sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Biology, and so on). Using as methodological support the theory of combined and uneven development, this paper aims to analyze the (semi-)peripheral poetic discourses modulated by terminological imports from the exact sciences and the way in which the affects are systematized in two zones of the world literary system (central vs. semi-peripheral). The hypothesis of departure is that, in contrast to central cultural spaces (USA, Canada, etc.), where there are many techno poetic discourses, academic directions (courses, associations, research projects, journals) and a solid critical system, in the Romanian (semi-peripheral) cultural space, there is a well-defined critical apparatus on mathematical poetics (from the 20th century), but, at the present time, there is a lack of critical research on these collections of poetry, which frame an emerging direction (with the collections of Gabi Eftimie or val chimic). Therefore, we consider that the extreme-contemporary volumes worth analyzing in this sense are Dmitri-INTJ by Dmitri Miticov (OMG Publishing, 2023) and vom trece de Marte dar nu imediat (We Shall Pass Mars but not Immediately) by Șerban Mihalache (Max Blecher Publishing House, 2023), both of them nuancing their dynamics by appealing to centrifuged emotions, to “rationaffects”.

Keywords: experimental poetry, hard sciences, core-semiperipheral discourses, marginal poetics, rationaffects

Bibliografie

Albright, Daniel. Quantum Poetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Camus, Michel. “Cuvânt înainte” [Foreword]. In Basarab Nicolescu, Teoreme poetice [Poetical Theorems]. Translated by L. M. Arcade. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1996.

Crawford, Robert. ed. Contemporary Poetry and Contemporary Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Dickinson, Adam. The Polymers. Toronto: House of Anansi Press, 2013.

Dickinson, Adam. Anatomic. Toronto: Coach House Books, 2018.

Dumitru, Teodora. “Eminescu-thermosof sau cum intră știința în poezie (I).” [Eminescu – Thermosopher or How Science Enters Poetry (I)]. Transilvania, no. 8 (2022): 20-32.

Dumitru, Teodora. “Eminescu-thermosof sau cum intră știința în poezie (II).” [Eminescu – Thermosopher or How Science Enters Poetry (II)]. Revista Transilvania, no. 9 (2022): 25-41.

Dumitru, Teodora. “Poezia energiei scăzute. O lectură (peri)termodinamică a interpretării lui G. Bacovia via E. Lovinescu (I)” [A (Peri)Termodynamic Reading of E. Lovinescu’s Interpretation of G. Bacovia]. Revista Transilvania, no. 3 (2023): 33-44.

Dumitru, Teodora. “Poezia energiei scăzute. O lectură (peri)termodinamică a interpretării lui G. Bacovia via E. Lovinescu (II)” [A (Peri)Termodynamic Reading of E. Lovinescu’s Interpretation of G. Bacovia]. Revista Transilvania, no. 4 (2023): 24-34.

Farmatu, Teona. “O retrospectivă critică a poeziei românești din 2023” [A critical retrospective of 2023 Romanian poetry], blogul Cărtureși, 30 ianuarie 2024. https://blog.carturesti.ro/teona-farmatu-o-retrospectiva-critica-a-poeziei-romanesti-din-2023/.

Hărșan, Ramona. “Idioteca Dimitri: masonerie imersivă și Dasein, totul pe very slow motion” [The Dimitri idiotheque: immersive freemasonry and Dasein, all in very slow motion]. Revista Tomis, April 7, 2024. https://www.revistatomis.ro/2024/04/07/ramona-harsan/.

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Mihalache, Șerban, vom trece de Marte dar nu imediat [We Shall Pass Mars but not Immediately]. Bistrița: Casa de Editură Max Blecher, 2023.

Miticov, Dmitri. Dmitri: INTJ. Alba Iulia: Editura OMG, 2023.

Morris, Adalaide. “The Act of the Mind: Thought Experiments in the Poetry of Jorie Graham and

Leslie Scalapino.” In Contemporary Poetry and Contemporary Science, edited by Robert Crawford, 146-166. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Nicolescu, Basarab. Teoreme poetice [Poetical Theorems]. Translated by L. M. Arcade. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1996.

Suceavă, Bogdan. Adâncul acestei calme creste: Programul de la Erlangen și poetica Jocului Secund [The Depths of This Peaceful Ridge: The Erlangen Program and the Poetics of the Second Game]. Iași: Polirom, 2022.

Tiffany, Daniel. Toy Medium: Materialism and Modern Lyric. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

WReC. Combined and Uneven Development: Towards a New Theory of World Literature. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2015.

“Adam Dickinson. Biography.” Accessed July 13, 2024. https://adamdickinson.ca/.

Poetry Foundation. “Jorie Graham.” Accessed July 13, 2024. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/jorie-graham.

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