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4 / 2024

Transilvania 4.2024 featured
Revista: 4 / 2024
Anul Publicarii:2024
Print ISSN: Print ISSN 0255-0539; Electronic ISSN 3061-2217

Științe socio-umane

Arte vizuale

Filozofie și studii sociale

Antropologie și etnologie

Sociologie

Științe politice & juridice

Istorie & Antropologie

Studii culturale

Autor: Georgiana BUȚ
Email: georgianabut@gmail.com

Abstract: This study examines the concept of artistic medium and some of its recent reconceptualizations in philosophical aesthetics, weighing its current relevance in the context of mostly unfavorable positions in contemporary art, generally characterized as post-medium. In the three sections of the paper, I identify the essential terms and distinctions required to redefining the medium. In this regard, I invoke Stanley Cavell, Rosalind Krauss, and Sherri Irvin, who theorize automatisms, conventions, rules and practices as symbolic supports; and Dominic Lopes and Elisa Caldarola, who put forth and develop the notion of medium profile, respectively. Revolving around the theory of the medium advanced by Rosalind Krauss, my analysis shows the ways in which Krauss, building on the theoretical terms that underpin Stanley Cavell’s conception of the ontology of film, anticipated or influenced some of the current definitions of the medium. Namely, the correlated notions of automatisms, conventions, rules and practices by virtue of which Krauss conceptualizes the medium undergird Sherri Irvin’s thesis positing rules for presentation, conservation and participation as symbolic resources with expressive force that form part of the medial structure of contemporary artworks.

Keywords: artistic medium, technical/symbolic support, automatism, conventions, rules, practices.

Acknowledgement: This paper is the result of a research residency at the Istituto Romeno di Cultura e Ricerca Umanistica in Venice, obtained with the support of the Romanian state through the national scholarship program “Nicolae Iorga” (2022), and is part of the PhD thesis titled The Contemporary Art Exhibition as Artistic Medium (2023), written by Georgiana Buț at “Babeș-Bolyai” University in Cluj-Napoca, Doctoral School of Philosophy, under the supervision of Professor Dan Eugen Rațiu.

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Caldarola, Elisa. Filosofia dell’arte contemporanea: installazioni, siti, oggetti. Macerata: Quodlibet, 2020.

Caroll, Noël. “The Specificity of Media in the Arts.” The Journal of Aesthetic Education 19, no. 4 (Winter, 1985): 5-20. https://doi.org/10.2307/3332295.

Cavell, Stanley. Must We Mean What We Say? A book of Essays. Cambridge MA: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Cavell, Stanley. The World Viewed. Reflections on the Ontology of Film. Cambridge MA & London: Harvard University Press, 1979.

Costello, Diarmuid. “Automat, Automatic, Automatism: Rosalind Krauss and Stanley Cavell on Photography and the Photographically Dependent Arts.” Critical Inquiry 38, no. 4 (2012): 819-54. https://doi.org/10.1086/667426.

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Irvin, Sherri. Immaterial. Rules in Contemporary Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.

Krauss, Rosalind. Under Blue Cup. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press, 2011.

Krauss, Rosalind. “Reinventing the Medium.” Critical Inquiry 25, no. 2 (1999): 289-305.

Krauss, Rosalind. “‘The Rock’: William Kentridge’s Drawings for Projection.” October 92 (2000): 3-35. https://doi.org/10.2307/779231.

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Wollheim, Richard. Art and its Objects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Autor: Iulia POPOVICI
Email: iuliapopovici@me.com

Professionals versus Amateurs: False Narratives and Political Stakes Around „Song of Romania” Festival

Abstract: Within the collective public memory of the Romanian cultural field, especially in the field of performative arts, two distinct policies introduced by the communist regime at the end of the 1970s and during the 1980s have been conflated into a single ideological plan intending to dismantle the professional artistic movement. The first such policy was founding the mass culture festival „Song of Romania” in 1976, which explicitly celebrated amateur art and popular creativity; the other policy was significantly cutting the subsidies received by cultural (professional) institutions, which were thus forced into a so-called self-financing system starting in 1981–1984. The general – but, as the present research shows, erroneous – belief that the regime was spending on amateurs the money the rest of the cultural field was lacking had the effect of a total rejection of everything that was not high art, including non-professional initiatives with previously proven experimental, counter-cultural, or politically critical bona fide. The self-gratifying narrative of a high culture that presented such a political menace that the regime wanted it destroyed missed, in fact, the underlying rationale for Ceaușescu’s inventing of the „Song of Romania” Festival: the search for a locally made form of mass entertainment to replace the ever-expanding access of the youth to Western pop culture. 

Keywords: self-financing, Ceausescu, mass culture, alternative art.

Adameșteanu, Gabriela. Anii romantici [The Romantic Years]. Iași: Polirom, 2014.

Andrei, Ștefan in dialogue with Lavinia Betea. I se spunea Machiavelli [They Called Him Machiavelli]. Bucharest: Adevărul Holding, 2011.

Anisescu, Cristina; Daniela Apostol, Florin Dumitrescu, Călin Hentea, Cosmin Năsui, Oana Năsui, and Cristian Vasile. Cultura de masă în „Epoca de aur”: Cântarea României & Cenaclul Flacăra [Mass Culture During the ’Golden Age’: Song of Romania & the Flacara Literary Circle]. Voluntari: Postmodernism Museum, 2019.

Gabanyi, Anneli Ute. Ceaușescu și scriitorii. Analize politico-literare în timp real [Ceausescu and the Writers. Political-Literary Analysis in Real-Time], translated by Elena Buscă and Andreea Scrumeda. Bucharest: Litera, 2023.

Klaic, Dragan. Resetting the Stage. Public Theatre Between the Market and Democracy. Bristol/Chicago: intellect, 2012.

Lovinescu, Monica. Seismograme. Unde scurte II [Seismograms. Short Waves II]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 1993.

Mamina, Alexandru. Cenaclul Flacăra: istorie, cultură, politică [The Flacara Literary Circle: History, Culture, Politics]. Târgoviște: Editura Cetatea de Scaun, 2020.

Marin, Manuela. “Tineret și socializare politică în România anilor 1970 și 1980” [Youth and Political Socialisation in 1970s and 1980s Romania]. In Tineri și tineret în România socialistă. Identitate, ideologie și dinamici socio-culturale [Young People and Youth in Socialist Romania. Identity, Ideology and Socio-Cultural Dynamics], edited by Mioara Anton, Bogdan Cristian Iacob, and Cristian Vasile, 159-198. Târgoviște: Editura Cetatea de Scaun, 2022.

Petrescu, Dragoș. “400.000 de spirite creatoare: ‘Cântarea României’ sau stalinismul național în festival” [400,000 Creative Spirits. ’Song of Romania’ or the National Stalinism in Festival]. In Miturile comunismului românesc [The Myths of Romanian Communism], edited by Lucian Boia, 239-252. Bucharest: Nemira, 1998.

Runcan, Miruna. Teatru în diorame, Discursul criticii teatrale in comunism. Viscolul (1978-1989) [Theatre in Dioramas. The Discourse of Theatre Criticism During Communist: The Blizzard]. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2021.

Serviciul Român de Informații [Romanian Intelligence Service]. Cartea albă a Securității. Istorii literare și artistice (1969-1989) [The Securitate White Book. Literary and Artistic Histories (1969-1989)]. Bucharest: Editura Presa Românească, 1996.

Ștefănescu, Ion Traian. Întâlniri cu Nicolae Ceaușescu [Encounters with Nicolae Ceaușescu]. Bucharest: Editura Mediafax, 2019.

Juliusz Tyszka, “The School of Being Together: Festivals as National Therapy during the Polish ‘Period of Transition’.” New Theatre Quaterly 13, no. 50 (1997): 171-182

Vasile, Cristian. Viața intelectuală și artistică în primul deceniu al regimului Ceaușescu: 1965-1974 [The Intellectual and Artistic Life in the First Decade of the Ceausescu Regime: 1965-1974]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2014.

Warner, Vessela S., and Diana Manole, eds. Staging Postcommunism. Alternative Theatre in Eastern and Central Europe after 1989. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2020.

Autor: Miruna RUNCAN
Email: mirunaruncan2@gmail.com

Maria Vodă Căpușan – Theatre Criticism Without Theatre Reviewing

Abstract: Maria Vodă Căpușan was a Romanian scholar specializing in French contemporary literature who worked all her life at Babes-Bolyai University Cluj. Between 1980-1990 she held the office of Head of French Department of BBU Cluj, but also that of Secretary of the Communist Party at Universities’ Center Cluj – an important political position, considering that the Center was the nucleus of ideological control for all the academic institutions of Cluj County. Furthermore, she was an original and peculiar theatre critic: she systematically refused to review theatre performances, offering instead a large horizon of research, articles and books dedicated to theatre theory, comparative studies, and the history of drama. Remarkably, nothing of this professional heritage is tainted by her political activities, even though the press archives reveal many of her occasional propagandistic/opportunistic contributions – in other words, she tried to keep her two social roles completely separate. This paper, a fragment of a larger collection of case studies dedicated to Romanian female theatre critics, tries to offer a fresh image of Maria Vodă Căpușan’s writings in the complex political, intellectual, and theatrical context of the last decades of the Romanian socialist era.

Keywords: 20th century theatre, theatre theory, drama, theatre criticism, Maria Vodă Căpușan

Acknowledgment: This paper is a sample of the ARPAS and UBB Cluj Project of research & creation FEM 100, financed by AFCN 2024.

Bibliography

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Barthes, Roland. Romanul scriiturii-antologie [Essays]. Bucharest: Editura Univers, 1987.

Băleanu, Andrei. Teatrul furiei și al violenței [The Theatre of Violence and Fury]. Bucharest: Editura pentru literatură universală, 1967.

Bradley, Raymond, and Norman Schwarz. Possible Worlds: An Introduction to Logic and Its Philosophy. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1979.

Eco, Umberto. Opera deschisă [The Open Work]. Bucharest: Univers, 1969.

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Genette, Gerard. Figuri [Figures of Literary Discourse]. Bucharest: Editura Univers, 1978.

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Munteanu, Romul. Farsa tragică [The Tragic Farse]. Bucharest: Editura Univers, 1970.

Nasta, Mihai, and Sorin Alexandrescu. Poetică și stilistică. Orientări moderne [Poetics and Stylistics]. Bucharest: Univers, 1972.

Goffman, Erving. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. University of Edinburgh Social Sciences Research Centre, 1959.

Goffman, Erving. Frame Analysis. London: Harper and Row, 1974.

Goffman, Erving. Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. London & New York: Anchor Books, 1967.

Greimas, Algirdas Julien. Despre sens. Eseuri semiotice [On Meaning]. Bucharest: Univers, 1976.

Huizinga, Johan. Homo ludens. Bucharest: Univers, 1976.

Petrescu, Camil. Comentarii și delimitări in teatru [Essays on Theatre]. Bucharest: Editura Eminescu, 1983.

Ricoeur, Paul. Metafora vie [The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies of the Creation of Meaning in Language]. Bucharest: Univers, 1984.

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Stan, Adriana. Bastionul lingvistic. O istorie comparata a structuralismului in Romania [The Linguistic Bulwark. A Comparative History of Structuralism in Romania]. Bucharest: Editura Muzeului Literaturii Române, 2017.

Vodă Căpușan, Maria. Teatru și mit [Theatre and Myth]. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia, 1976.

Vodă Căpușan, Maria. “Theatre and Reflexivity.” Poetics 13, no. 1-2 (1978): 101-109.

Vodă Căpușan, Maria. Dramatis Personae. Cluj-Napoca: Dacia, 1980.

Vodă Căpușan, Maria. “Le spectateur expicite.” Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai – Phylologia, no. 1 (1981).

Vodă Căpușan, Maria, Despre Caragiale [On Caragiale]. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia, 1982.

Vodă Căpușan, Maria. Teatru și actualitate [Theatre and Actuality]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1984.

Vodă Căpușan, Maria. Pragmatica teatrului [Pragmatics of Theatre]. Bucharest: Eminescu, 1987.

Vodă Căpușan, Maria. Camil Petrescu – Realia. Bucharest: Editura Cartea românească, 1988.

Vodă Căpușan, Maria. Mircea Eliade. Spectacolul magic [Mircea Eliade. The Magical Performance]. Bucharest: Litera, 1991.

Vodă Căpușan, Maria. Marin Sorescu sau Despre tânjirea spre cerc [Marin Sorescu or The Longing for the Circle]. Craiova: Scrisul românesc, 1993.

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Autor: Anda IONAȘ
Email: andaionas@yahoo.com

California Dreamin’ (Endless): Parody of Romanian Society in Transition to Capitalism

Abstract: The article explores how the film California Dreamin (Endless), directed by Cristian Nemescu and inspired by a true story, offers a tragicomic picture of Romanian society during the transition to capitalism, a period full of internal and international conflicts. I was interested in the way this film artistically supports the psycho-social profile of Romanians, resulting from research such as Daniel David’s book Psihologia poporului român [The Psychology of the Romanian People]. Using comedy, the film expresses a critical attitude towards Romanians, pointing out the mismatch between their opinion of themselves and reality, their way of relating to foreigners (in this case Americans), the need to make a favorable impression to compensate for low self-esteem, indiscipline and emotional instability. We also show how the confrontation between the protagonists (the stationmaster and Captain Jones) can be explained based on Karpmann’s dramatic triangle. The differences between Romanian and American culture, kitsch and inadequacy are important sources of humor in this film, and humor, in turn, can be understood from a psychoanalytic perspective as a benign form of overcoming frustration and finding solace.

Keywords: cinema, Romanian New Wave, capitalism, social transformations, humour, kitsch, inadequacy, super-ego

Berger, Arthur Asa. An Anatomy of Humor. London: Routledge, 2017.

Critchley, Simon. On Humour. London: Routledge, 2002.

David, Daniel. “Oricine poate să aibă umorˮ [Anyone can Have Humour]. Dilema Veche, no. 946, May 26 – June 1, 2022. https://dilemaveche.ro/sectiune/tema-saptamanii/oricine-poate-sa-aiba-umor-636461.html.

David, Daniel. Psihologia poporului român. Profilul psihologic al românilor într-o monografie cognitiv-experimentală [The Psychology of the Romanian People: The Psychological Profile of Romanians in a Cognitive-Experimental Monograph]. Iași: Polirom, 2015.

Gorzo, Andrei, and Gabriela Filippi. Contribuții la interpretarea cinemaului românesc nouăzecist [Contributions to the Interpretation of Romanian Cinema of the 90s]. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2017.

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Morozov, Victor. “Într-un oraș mic: Revoluția Română, între Videograme dintr-o revoluție și A fost sau n-a fost?” [In a Small Town: The Romanian Revolution between “Videograms of a Revolution” and “12:08 East of Bucharest”]. Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2019): 115-120.

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Șerban, Alex. Leo. “În gara noastră mică… – California Dreamin’ (nesfîrșit)ˮ [In our little train station…- California Dreamin’ (endless)]. Libertatea, June, 2007. https://agenda.liternet.ro/articol/4823/Alex-Leo-Serban/In-gara-noastra-mica-California-Dreamin-nesfirsit.html.

Biblioteconomie

Științele limbii

Științele economice

Autor: Nguyen The HA, Truong Anh THUAN, Pham Duc THO
Email: thehasp.dn@gmail.com

Adstract: The article concentrates on studying the issue of Romania’s economic aid to Vietnam during the country’s resistance war against the United States in the period from 1965 to 1975. To research the article’s content, the authors use two primary research methods in historical science (the historical method and the logical method). In particular, the historical method allows the authors to “reconstruct” the overall image of Romania’s economic aid activities to Vietnam from 1965 to 1975, based on exploiting various historical sources. The logical method assists the authors in making appropriate and compelling remarks and assessments, as well as identifying normative or substantive issues from historical events and phenomena related to this issue. Furthermore, the authors also employ multiple research methods, such as analysis, synthesis, systems, statistics, comparison, and so on, while processing documents as well as researching the contents of each specific problem. The article was completed on the basis of exploiting documentary sources at the National Archives of Romania, the Center for Diplomatic Archives at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania, and the Wilson Center Digital Archive (USA), as well as some original documents and academic achievements of Vietnamese scholars. The research findings discussed in this article will make a certain contribution to studying the issue of support and assistance from socialist nations to Vietnam during the country’s resistance war against the United States between 1965 and 1975.

Keywords: Romania’s economic aid to Vietnam, financial assistance, diplomatic relations, international cooperation.

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MAE, The Problem 220, the year 1972, Telegram no. 037231, the day 15.06.1972.

MAE, Problema 220, anul 1972, țara R.D. Vietnam, Dossier 2532, Relaţiile bilaterale româno-vietnameze, Telegrama nr. 037231, data 15.06.1972.

MAE, The problem 220, The year 1972, The country R.D. Vietnam, Dossier 2532, Bilateral relations between Romania and Vietnam, The Telegram no. 37005, the day 06.01.1972.

MAE, The problem 220, the year1973, The country South Vietnam – R.S. Romania, Dossier 4290, no. 02/0716, The diplomatic note of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam sent to the Socialist Republic of Romania on the establishment of diplomatic relations with a number of European and African nations

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MAE, Problema 220, anul 1974, țara R.S. România – R.D. Vietnam, Dossier 5108, Table containing documents from military aid granted to R.D. Vietnam in 1974 will arrive at the Soviet-Chinese border around February 6, 1974 including 35 60-ton wagons.

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SANIC, Fund CC al PCR, External Relations section, Dossier No 107/1969, Notes from the conversation between Comrade Nicolae Ceaușescu and Mr. Nguyen Dang Hanh, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, on the occasion of submitting the letter of recognition..

SANIC, Fund CC al PCR, External Relations section, Dossier No 105/1970, Notes on economic and military aid to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1971.

SANIC, Fund CC al PCR, External Relations section, Dossier No 105/1970, The note requested non-refundable help for the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam to cover the expenditures of its embassy in Bucharest in 1971,

SANIC, Fund CC al PCR, External Relations section, Dossier No 45/1971, Transcript of of the discussion during the visit to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam by the Party and Government Delegation of the Socialist Republic of Romania, Hanoi, June 17, 1971.

SANIC, Fund CC al PCR, External Relations section, Dossier No 46/1971, Vol. 1, Notes about  economic relations between the Socialist Republic of Romania and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

SANIC, Fund CC al PCR, External Relations section, Dossier No 139/1973, Stenograma primirii de către tovarășul Nicolae Ceaușescu a delegației de partid și guvernamentale a R.D. Vietnam condusă de Tov. Fam Van Dong, membru al Biroului Politic al CC al Partidului Muncitoresc din Vietnam, prim-ministru al guvernului R.D. Vietnam, Mangalia, iulie 1973.

SANIC, Fund CC al PCR, External Relations section, Dossier No 253/1973, Transcript of the reception of Comrade Nicolae Ceaușescu in the delegation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam Party and Government led by Comrade Pham Van Dong, Member of the Politburo of the Central Executive Committee of the Vietnam

SANIC, Fund CC al PCR, External Relations section, Dossier No 106/1974, Notes about Romania and Vietnam’s bilateral relations.

SANIC, Fund CC al PCR, External Relations section, Dossier No 211/1975, The Joint Government Commission notes (the execution of the Commission’s resolutions from its previous session as well as measures for developing economic cooperation and trade exchange between 1976 and 1980 were taken into consideration).

Transcript of Discussions Held On the Occasion of the Visit to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam of the Party and Government Delegation from the Socialist Republic of Romania”, Retrieved June 30, 2024, from https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/transcript-discussions-held-occasion-visit-democratic-republic-vietnam-party-and

 

 

 

 

Antropologie. Studii filozofice

Teologie

Studii literare

Autor: Adriana STAN
Email: adriana.stan@ubblcuj.ro

Abstract: This article examines the political and world-literary location and outlook developed in the contemporary Romanian literature that details labor emigration. To that end, I bring under joint scrutiny the fields of postcolonialism, postcommunist and migration studies, to argue that fiction about postcommunist economic emigration cannot be adequately addressed within the cosmpolitan, postnational paradigm that was celebrated by postcolonialism. I also discuss how this Romanian literary archive that translates an experience of economic subalternity could engage with Wallerstein-inspired world-systems theories and comparative frameworks that posit global capitalism as the matrix of world-literature. In approaching my choice set of novels (written by Radu Aldulescu, Liliana Corobca, Liliana Nechita, Dan Lungu, Ioana Baetica Morpurgo), I explore questions of form and genre, to inquire what modes of storytelling account for the subjectivities born out of capitalist precarity and whether testimonial forms of writing are better suited to expose the “situational consciousness” of the peripheral subject. My main argument is that, while the narrative features displayed through these novels indicate the difficulty to provide a critical account of world-systemic unevenness, they manage to expose the fragmentation enforced by capital on social communities.

Keywords: emigration, neoliberalism, postcolonialism, economic neocolonialism, testimonial writing

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by a grant of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-IIIP1-1.1-TE-2021-1207, within PNCDI III.

 

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Andrén, Daniela and Monica Roman, “Should I Stay or Should I Go? Romanian Migrants during Transition and Enlargements.” Bonn: The Institute for the Study of Labor, 2014.

Baghiu, Stefan, and Ovio Olaru. “Capitalist Heterotopia & Lost Social Utopia: Documenting Class, Work, and Migration in Postcommunist East-Central European Fiction.” Central Europe 22, no. 1 (2024): 2–17.

Baetica-Morpurgo, Ioana. Imigranții [The Immigrants]. Iași: Polirom, 2011.

Ban, Cornel. Dependență și dezvoltare. Economia politică a capitalismului românesc [Dependency and Development: The Political Economy of Romanian Capitalism]. Translated by Ciprian Șiulea. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2014.

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Chioni Moore, David. “Is the Post- in Postcolonial the Post- in Post-Soviet?.” In Baltic Postcolonialism, edited by Violeta Kelertas (New York: Rodopi, 2006): 11-43.

Corobca, Liliana. Kinderland. București: Cartea Românească, 2013.

DeLoughry, Treasa. The Global Novel and Capitalism in Crisis: Contemporary Literary Narratives. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.

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Iacob (Bâra), Raluca. “Brain Drain Phenomenon in Romania: What Comes in Line after Corruption? A Quantitative Analysis of the Determinant Causes of Romanian Skilled Migration.” Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations 20, no. 2 (2018): 53–78.

Jameson, Fredric. The Antinomies of Realism. London: Verso, 2013.

Koelb, Tadzio. “Playing House. The Children Left Behind in Moldova.” Times Literary Supplement. April 12, 2024. https://www.the-tls.co.uk/regular-features/in-brief/kinderland-liliana-corobca-book-review-tadzio-koelb/.

Klein, Naomi. The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2007.

Kołodziejczyk, Dorota and Cristina Şandru. Postcolonial Perspectives on Postcommunism in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge, 2016.

Knox, Paul, John Agnew and Linda McCarthy. The Geography of the World Economy. London: Routledge, 2014.

Lazarus, Neil. “What postcolonial theory doesn’t say.” Race & Class 53, no. 1 (2011): 3–27.

Lungu, Dan. Fetița care se juca de-a Dumnezeu [The Girl Who Played at Being God]. Iași: Polirom, 2014.

Nechita, Liliana. Cireșe amare [Bitter Cherries]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2014.

OECD. Talent Abroad: A Review of Romanian Emigrants. OECD Publishing, 2019.

Parvulescu, Anca. The Traffic in Women’s Work: East European Migration and the Making of Europe. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2014.

Preston, Alex. “Kinderland by Liliana Corobca Review – a bleak but beautiful tale of survival.” The Guardian. November 19, 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/nov/19/kinderland-by-liliana-corobca-review-a-bleak-but-beautiful-tale-of-survival.

Prodan, Larisa. “Women Migrants in Italy: A Double Peripherality.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 9, no. 1 (2023): 185–197.

Ricci, Antonio. “Dincolo de ‘Cortina de Fier’ : 30 de ani de migrații din România” [Beyond the “Iron Curtain”: 30 years of Migrations from Romania]. Rădăcini la jumătate. Treizeci de ani de imigrație românească în Italia [Half Roots. Thirty Years of Romanian Immigration in Italy], edited by Miruna Căjvăneanu et al. Istituto di Studi Politici “S. PIO V”: Centro Studi e Ricerche IDOS, 2022.

Rosendahl Thomsen, Mads. Mapping World Literature, International Canonization and Transnational Literatures. London and New York: Continuum, 2008.

Said, Edward W. Reflections on Exile and Other Essays. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.

Sánchez Prado, Ignacio M. “Mont Neoliberal Periodization: The Mexican ‘Democratic Transition” from Austrian Libertarianism to the “War on Drugs”.” World Literature, Neoliberalism, and the Culture of Discontent. Edited by Sharae Deckard and Stephen Shapiro (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019): 93-111

Sandu, Dumitru. Lumi sociale ale migrației românești în străinătate. Iași: Polirom, 2010.

Stan, Adriana. “Genres of Realism across the Former Cold War Divide. Neoliberal Novels and Self-Fiction.” Dacoromania litteraria, no. 7 (2020): 116-125.

Terian, Andrei. “Is There an East-Central European Postcolonialism? Towards a Unified Theory of (Inter)Literary Dependency.” World Literature Studies, no. 3 (2012): 21-36.

Ung, Snejana. “Should I Stay or Should I Move Back? Literary Representations of Emigration to the US in Postcommunist Romanian Literature.” Transilvania, no. 9 (2023): 1-10.

Walkowitz, Rebecca, ed. Immigrant Fictions: Contemporary Literature in an Age of Globalization. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2007.

Warwick Research Collective (WReC). Combined and Uneven Development: Towards a New Theory of World-Literature. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2015.

Autor: Codruța SÎNTIONEAN
Email: codruta.sintionean@gmail.com

Printing Technologies and Book Circulation in Chosŏn Korea (1392-1910)

Abstract: This paper examines the impact of coexisting printing technologies and the invention of a vernacular alphabet on the circulation of books in Korea, during the Chosŏn dynasty (1392-1910). From the eighth century onwards, Korea experimented with various printing techniques, aiming for adaptability, efficacy, the reduction of economic costs and human labor, and, at the same time, the ability to accurately print in classical Chinese, the scripta franca of the sinitic cultural sphere. Innovations in printing led to coexisting technologies that appealed to distinct social groups, depending on their accesibility and profitability. In Chosŏn, the state, the elite scholar-bureaucrats, and, from the seventeenth century, an increasingly influential class of merchants collectively coordinated the production and circulation of books while having their own intellectual, educational, or economic agenda. This research highlights the interrelation between the versatility of each printing technology, the social profile of each group involved, and the agenda determining the content of publications, ultimately contributing to a better understanding of the socio-economic and cultural factors impacting book production and circulation in premodern societies.

Keywords: printing technology, woodblock printing, mobile metal type, Korea, Chosŏn fiction, book production, book circulation

Choe, Yeonshik. “Chosŏn hugi pulgyo sosŏlchip ŭi suyong kwa yut’ong” [On the Introduction and Circulation of Chinese Buddhist Short Story Collections in the Late Joseon Dynasty]. Pulgyo hakpo, no. 80 (2017): 109-136. http://doi.org/10.18587/bh.2017.09.80.10.

Chung, Ah-young. “Royal classic novels under new spotlight.” The Korea Times, January 7, 2011. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2011/01/142_79306.html.

Courant, Maurice. Bibliographie coréenne. Tableau littéraire de la Corée. Contenant la nomenclature des ouvrages publiés dans ce pays jusqu’en 1890 ainsi que la description et l’analyse détaillées des principaux d’entre ces ouvrages. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1894.

https://archive.org/details/bibliographieco00courgoog.

Cultural Heritage Administration. “Confucian Printing Woodblocks in Korea. Nomination Form, International Memory of the World Register.” 2014. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/memory-of-the-world/register/full-list-of-registered-heritage/registered-heritage-page-2/confucian-printing-woodblocks/.

Deuchler, Martina. “Propagating Female Virtues in Chosŏn Korea.” In Women and Confucian Cultures in Premodern China, Korea, and Japan, edited by Dorothy Ko, JaHyun Kim Haboush, and Joan R. Piggott, 142-169. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

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Johnson, David. “Selections from The Twenty-Four Exemplars of Filial Piety.” In Sources of Chinese Tradition: From 1600 Through the Twentieth Century, compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary and Richard Lufrano, 138-141. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

Kim, Hunggyu. Understanding Korean Literature. Translated by Robert J. Fouser. London and New York: Routledge, 2015.

Kim, Michael. “Literary Production, Circulating Libraries, and Private Publishing: The Popular Reception of Vernacular Fiction Texts in the Late Chosŏn Dynasty.” The Journal of Korean Studies 9, No. 1 (2004): 1-31.

Kim, Su-jin. “Kukka ŭi changsŏ wa kaein ŭi changsŏ. Kongsa kyojik  ŭi yŏksaro chomyŏnghan Kyujanggak Chunggukpon tosŏ” [“The Royal Library Collection and the Literati Collection of Joseon. A Study of the Kyujanggak Chinese Books”]. Han’guk munhwa, no. 75 (2016): 13-44. http://doi.org/10.22943/han.2016..75.002.

Lee Ock-Seong, Kang Soon-Ae. “Ch’unhyangjŏn kanhaengbon ŭi kyet’ong mit sŏjijŏk t’ŭkching e kwanhan yŏn’gu” [“A Study on Systems and Bibliographic Characteristics of the Printed Books of Chunhyangjeon”]. Yŏnsok kanhaengmul, no. 52 (2012): 379-428. http://doi.org/10.17258/jib.2012..52.379.

Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to AD 697. Translated from the original Chinese and Japanese by W. G. Aston, Vol. 1. London:  Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner et Co., 1896.

Accesibil la https://archive.org/details/nihongichronicl00astogoog/page/n10.

Oh, Young Kyun. Engraving Virtue: The Printing History of a Premodern Korean Moral Primer. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Ok, Young-Jung. “16 segi huban – 17 segi Chosŏn ŭi mokhwalcha insoe wa ch’ulp’an munhwajŏk ŭimi” [Wooden Type Printing in the 16-17th Century Joseon Dynasty and its Significance in Publication Culture]. Han’guk munhwa, no. 72 (2015): 21-46. http://doi.org/10.22943/han.2015..72.002.

Tales of the Strange by a Korean Confucian Monk: Kŭmo sinhwa by Kim Sisŭp. Translated, annotated, and with an introduction by Dennis Wuerthner. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2020.

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Yu, Myoung In. “Kuunmong and the Sinosphere: Focusing on its Title.” In Global Korea: Old and New, edited by Duk-Soo Park, 190-200. Sydney: The Korean Studies Association of Australasia, 2009.

Autor: Alessandro GHIGNOLI
Email: sghignoli@uma.es

Translation and Ideology: The Literary Avant-garde in Spain and Italy

Abstract: Our study seeks to highlight the relations between literature and literature translated into a precise literary reception system. We will examine the case of the Spanish and Italian literary avant-garde in order to ascertain what relationships exist in the process of translating a literary text embedded in an ideology. We will see how certain authors such as Sanguineti, Balestrini, Torre, Salvat-Papasseit are translated and introduced into the other literature from an ideological as well as a purely literary perspective. The introduction of translated writing into a different socio-literary context produces situations that are not always foreseen and predictable. In the avant-garde production between Spain and Italy, the evaluation is normally skewed towards different and divergent acceptances.

Keywords: avant-garde, translation, ideology, literature, Spain-Italy

Abad, José. “La letteratura come difesa contro le offese della vita. Cesare Pavese e Javier Egea” [Literature as a defence against the offences of life. Cesare Pavese and Javier Egea]. In Cesare Pavese: il mito classico e i miti moderni. Tredicesima rassegna di saggi internazionali di critica pavesiana, edited by Antonio Catalfamo, 163-74. Santo Stefano Belbo (CU): CE.PA.M., 2013.

Anceschi, Luciano. Le poetiche del Novecento in Italia. Studio di fenomenologia e storia delle poetiche [The Poetics of the 20th Century in Italy. A study of the phenomenology and history of poetics]. Milano: Marzorati, 1962.

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Brihuega, Jaime. “El futurismo y España. Vanguardia y política” [Futurism and Spain. Avant-garde and politics]. In Treinta años de vanguardia española, edited by Gabriele Morelli, 29-54. Sevilla: El carro de la Nieve, 1991.

Camps, Assumpta. “La literatura italiana de la segunda mitad del s. XX y su traducción en ámbito hispano” [Italian literature in the second half of the 20th century and its translation in the Spanish-speaking world]. In La filología italiana ante el nuevo milenio, edited by Vicente González Martín, 75-82. Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, 2003.

Cisneros, Odile. “From Isomorphism to Cannibalism: The Evolution of Haroldo de Campos’s Translation Concepts.” Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction. Études sur le texte et ses transformations 25, no. 2 (2012): 15-44.

Conde Muñoz, Aurora. “Poesia italiana contemporanea in Spagna: presenza di un’assenza” [Contemporary Italian poetry in Spain: the presence of an absence]. Nuova corrente 153 (2014): 43-61.

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Depero, Fortunato. Ricostruire e meccanizzare l’universo [Rebuilding and mechanising the universe], edited by Giovanni Lista. Milano: Abscondita, 2012.

Di Dio, Tommaso, ed. Poesie dell’Italia contemporanea. 1971-2021 [Poems of Contemporary Italy. 1971-2021]. Milano: il Saggiatore, 2023.

Even-Zohar, Itamar. “Polysystem Studies” [1990]. Poetics Today.
International Journal for Theory and Analysis of Literature and Communication
11, no. 1, (1997): 1-268.

Fabbri, Paolo. “L’oscuro principe spinozista: Deleuze, Hjelmslev, Bacon” [L’obscure principe spinozista: Deleuze, Hjelmslev, Bacon]. Discipline filosofiche 1 (1988): 207-20.

Frattale, Loretta. “La traduzione a più dimensioni: Poesie di Neruda, tradotte da Salvatore Quasimodo, illustrate da Renato Guttuso, pubblicate da Giulio Einaudi nel 1952” [The multi-dimensional translation: Poems by Neruda, translated by Salvatore Quasimodo, illustrated by Renato Guttuso, published by Giulio Einaudi in 1952]. Orillas. Rivista d’Ispanistica 12 (2023): 371-88.

García Lorca, Federico. Llanto por Ignacio Sánchez Mejías [Cry for Ignacio Sánchez Mejías]. Francesco Fava (ed.). Mucchi: Modena, 2020.

Ghignoli, Alessandro. “Il transautore nelle comunicazione letteraria tradotta”. [The transauthor in translated literary communication]. Testo a Fronte, nº 50, (2014): 31-47.

Ghignoli, Alessandro. “Ignacio Prat y la transducción dantesca”. Transilvania, 1, (2023a): 50-7.

Ghignoli, Alessandro. “La traducción verbovisual. Guillermo de Torre al italiano” [Verbovisual translation. Guillermo de Torre into Italian]. In Daniele Corsi, Jorge Mojarro (eds.). Ultraísmo. La vanguardia histórica española [Ultraism. The Spanish historical avant-garde]. Madrid-Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana-Vervuert, (2023b): 279-302.

Gómez Menéndez, Llanos. “Procesos de traducción del teatro sintético futurista y su didáctica” [Translation processes of futuristic synthetic theatre and its didactics]. p-e-r-f-o-r-m-a-n-c-e, 2, (2015): n. p.

Gugliemi, Marina. “La traduzione letteraria” [The literary translation]. In Introduzione alla letteratura comparata [Introduction to Comparative Literature]. Milano: Bruno Mondadori, (1999): 160-210.

Guillén, Claudio. Entre lo uno y lo diverso. Introducción a la literatura comparada (ayer y hoy) [Between the one and the different. Introduction to comparative literature (yesterday and today)] [2005]. Madrid: Tusquets, 2018.

Hermans, Theo. “Translation Studies and a New Paradigm”. In The Manipulation of Literature: Studies in Literary Translation, edited by Theo Hermans, 7-15. London-Sydney: Croom Helm, 1985.

Lara Almarza, Ana. “Traducción literaria y recepción: Federico García Lorca en italiano” [Literary Translation and Reception: Federico García Lorca in Italian]. In Sobre la práctica de la traducción y la interpretación en la actualidad, edited by Emilio Ortega Arjonilla, 593-604. Granada: Comares, 2017.

López Gradolí, Alfonso. La escritura mirada. Una aproximación a la poesía experimental española [The writing look. An approach to Spanish experimental poetry]. Madrid: Calambur, 2008.

Meregalli, Franco. Presenza della letteratura spagnola in Italia [Presence of Spanish literature in Italy]. Firenze: Sansoni, 1974.

Muñoz Rivas, José. “Una traducción literaria asistida por autor: algunas reflexiones sobre el universo lingüístico de Versi e Nonversi de Alfredo Giuliani en español” [An author-assisted literary translation: some reflections on the linguistic universe of Alfredo Giuliani’s Versi e Nonversi in Spanish]. Cuadernos de Filología Italiana, special issue (2000): 935-48.

Muñoz Rivas, José. En el texto de Cesare Pavese [In the text by Cesare Pavese]. Valencia: Calambur, 2018.

Muñoz Rivas, José. Poesía italiana contemporánea. Del Crepuscularismo al Neoexperimentalismo y la Neovanguardia [Contemporary Italian Poetry. From Crepuscularism to Neo-Experimentalism and the Neo-Avant-Garde]. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2021.

Muñoz Sanjuán, Miguel Ángel. Cantos : & : Ucronías [Songs : & : Uchronias]. Madrid: Calambur, 2013.

Pascoli, Giovanni. Pensieri e discorsi. 1895-1906 [Thoughts and speeches. 1895-1906] [1907]. Bologna: Zanichelli, 1914.

Pike, Kenneth L. Language in Relation to Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior [1954]. Mouton: The Hague, 1971.

Pujals Gesalí, Esteban. “¿Poesía visual en traducción? El otro “estilo internacional” de 1965” [Visual poetry in translation? The other ‘international style’ of 1965]. In Ética y política de la traducción literaria [Ethics and politics of literary translation]. AA.VV., 265-91. Málaga: Miguel Gómez, 2004.

Raimondi, Ezio. Letteratura e identità nazionale [Literature and National Identity] [1998]. Milano: Bruno Mondadori, 2000.

Rojas, Pablo. “Los ultraístas y la política”. In Ultraísmo. La vanguardia histórica española, edited by Daniele Corsi and Jorge Mojarro, 65-97. Madrid-Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 2023.

Rota, Ivana, ed. I manifesti dell’ultraismo spagnolo [The manisfestos of Spanish ultraism]. Viareggio LU: Baroni, 2002.

Sánchez Cedillo, Raúl. “Introducción. Que hubiera sido de nosotros…” [Introduction. What would have become of us…]. In Nanni Balestrini, Los Invisibles, 13-8. Madrid: Traficantes de Sueños, 2017.

Salvat-Papasseit, Joan. Il poema della rosa sulle labbra e prose scelte [The poem of the rose on the lips and selected prose] [1923], edited by Marcello Belotti. Roma: Editori Internazionali Riuniti, 2014.

Torop, Peeter. La traduzione totale. Tipi di processo traduttivo nella cultura [Total translation. Types of translation process in culture] [1995]. Milano: Hoelpli, 2010.

Tosatti, Ada. “Nanni Balestrini: “Tutto in una volta’” [Nanni Balestrini: ‘All at once’]. In Nanni Balestrini, Antologica. Poesie 1958-2010, vii-xxxiii. Milano: Mondadori, 2013.

Vaquero, Roberto. Resistencia y lucha contra el posmodernismo [Resistance and struggle against post-modernism]. Madrid: Letrame, 2019.

Autor: Cătălin ȘUTEU
Email: actalin20@gmail.com

The Great Contemporary Man or The Avant-Garde Prankster: The Trickster Archetype Found in The Cocktail Novel

Abstract: This paper aims to review the novel Cocktail, Victor Valeriu Martinescu’s most prominent work from the perspective of the trickster’s archetypal persona. I provide context in regard to the writer’s marginal position both in the general Romanian literary space and within the local literary avant-garde. In order to understand Victor Valeriu Martinescu’s position of otherness and marginality, I highlight the means of operation of the literary trickster in order to denounce the modern society of the first half of the 20th century. The case of Victor Valeriu Martinescu is relevant because the author’s profile has remained obscure, although he represents the most radical form of avant-garde prose of the period, with a profoundly anti-modern character. The trickster’s archetypal profile relies on defying readers and shattering the textual mechanisms of the Proustian novel, which is seen as a mirror of his contemporary bourgeois society. The main concept that emerges in the novel Cocktail is the ultimate farce, represented by its disregard of literary norms. In a manner similar to postmodernism, the text blends several literary genres such as the novel, essay, drama, etc., while at the same time also exhibiting an author-narrator-character mix-up. The trickster archetype acts in the dichotomy between good and evil, because on the one hand it destroys the literary convention, and on the other it gets to innovate through a bold literary experiment. Given that Victor Valeriu Martinescu’s reception is almost non-existent, the novelty of this research is based on the recovery of an archetypal figure lost in obscurity.

Key Words: Victor Valeriu Martinescu, avant-garde, trickster, farce, literary convention.

Błocian, Ilona. “The Archetype of the Trickster in the Writings of C.G. Jung.” Studia Religiologica, no. 53 (2020).

Călinescu, Matei. Cinci fețe ale modernității. Modernism, avangardă, decadență, kitsch, postmodernism [Five Faces of Modernity: Modernism, Avant-garde, Decadence, Kitsch, Postmodernism]. Translated by Tatiana Pătrulescu and Radu Țurcanu. Iași: Polirom, 2005.

Cernat, Paul. Vase comunicante [Communicating Vessels]. Iași: Polirom, 2018.

Hynes, William J., and William Doty. Mythical Trickster Figures: Contours, Contexts, and Criticisms. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1993.

Ilie, Rodica. “Avangarda revizitată (I)” [Revisiting The Avant-Garde]. Transilvania, no. 10 (2021).

Koepping, Klaus-Peter. “Absurdity and Hidden Truth: Cunning Intelligence and Grotesque Body Images as Manifestations of the Trickster.” History of Religions 24, no. 3 (1985).

Martinescu, Victor Valeriu. Cocktail. București: Editura ziarului „Luceafărul”, 1943.

Modoc, Emanuel. “The Poetics of Romanian Avant-Garde Manifestoes.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory, no. 1 (2015).

Radin, Paul. The Trickster: A Study in American Indian Mythology. New York: Schocken, 1972.

Salinas, Chema. “Ambiguous Trickster Liminality: Two Anti-Mythological Ideas.” Review of Communication 13, no. 2 (2013).

Șuteu, Cătălin. “Convenția literară ca playground: expresia joculară în scrierile avangardistului Grigore Cugler.” Transilvania, no. 2 (2024): 30-37.

Autor: Rodica ILIE
Email: rodicailie@unitbv.ro

 The Avant-Garde Revisited (2) 

Abstract: There is a plain filiation between the atmosphere and the general configuration of the movements we call the historical Avant-Garde and the spirit of the revolutionary Romanticism. Literary theorists and critics brought it to the fore, both organically – insofar as the similarities between the two paradigms are spelled out by the dynamics of the history of sensibility and taste – and typologically, in its mythological and thematic redundancies, in reiterating acute polemical gestures and attitudes or in manifesting violence against tradition. This study aims to articulate the artistic and political duality defining these two artistic paradigms, by using comparative evaluation and by illustrating canonical notions such as subject, revolution, progress.

Keywords: Avant-Garde, dehumanization, modernity, progress, revolution, subject.

Balotă, Nicolae. Arte poetice ale secolului XX [Poetics of the 20th Century]. Bucharest: Minerva, 1997.

Călinescu, Matei. Cinci feţe ale modernităţii [Five Faces of Modernity]. Translated by Tatiana Pătrulescu and Radu Țurcanu. Bucharest: Univers,1995.

De Micheli, Mario. Avangarda artistică a secolului XX [The Artistic Vanguards of the Twentieth Century]. Translated by Ilie Constantin. Bucharest: Meridiane, 1968.

Ortega y Gasset, José. Dezumanizarea artei şi alte eseuri de estetică [The Dehumanization of Art and Other Essays on Art, Culture, and Literature]. Translated by Sorin Mărculescu. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2000.

Paz, Octavio. Point de convergence. Du romantisme à l’avant-garde [Children of the Mire. Modern Poetry from Romanticism to the Avant-Garde]. Paris: Gallimard, 1976.

Pessoa, Fernando. Le Chemin du Serpent – Essais et pensées [The Snake’s Path. Essays and Thoughts]. Paris: Christian Bourgois Éditeur, 1991.

Stegagno Picchio, Luciana. Literatura braziliană [Brasilian Literature]. Bucharest: Univers, 1986.

Weisgerber, J., ed.  Les Avant-Gardes littéraires au XXe siècle. Vol. I, Histoire [The Literary Vanguards of the 20th Century. Vol. 1, History]. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadό, 1984.

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