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9 / 2022

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Transilvania 9.2022 featured
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Revista: 9 / 2022
Anul Publicarii:2022
Print ISSN: 0255-0539

Științe socio-umane

Arte vizuale

Filozofie și studii sociale

Antropologie și etnologie

Sociologie

Științe politice & juridice

Istorie & Antropologie

Șona-New York-Șona. Povestea emigrării dintr-un sat din Făgăraș

Autor: Diana MĂRGĂRIT
Email: diana.margarit@uaic.ro

Șona-New York-Șona: An Emigration Tale from a Village in the Făgăraș County

Abstract: The massive wave of economic migration of Transylvanians to America in the early 20th century had a considerable impact on the lives of both those who decided to temporarily leave their homeland and those who stayed home. The Transylvanian pattern of emigration, similar to the neighbouring Central and Eastern European countries can be sum up as follows: young male peasants, poorly educated, but with high hopes and determination left for America, for highly demanding physical work, but well enough remunerated in order to allow them to return home relatively soon. This paper seeks to contribute to the rich literature on emigration, by focusing on how this phenomenon influenced the villagers of Șona, a small community in the former Făgăraș County. By analysing photos, artefacts and documents that belonged to the emigrants, the Ellis Island Passenger Search Database, and by conducting interviews with their living descendants, I focus on the personal experience of migration – individual stories of migrants, their relations with their family and the community. Thus, I try to partially recreate some biographies directly connected to the experience of migration. Keywords: economic migration, social spirals, Șona, Făgăraș, America.

Citation suggestion: Mărgări, Diana. “Șona-New York-Șona. Povestea emigrării dintr-un sat din Făgăraș.” Transilvania, no. 9 (2022): 58-69. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.09.08

Memorie, istorie şi politic(i) în „Europele Europei” înainte şi după 1989

Autor: Alina IORGA
Email: Alina.Crihana@ugal.ro

Memory, History, and Politics in “Europe’s Europes” before and after 1989

Abstract: The article provides some relevant insights about the dynamics of the European politics of history and memory against the background of the third wave of European integration, which is the so called “cultural Europeanization.” These dynamics, originated in Western European both cultural turn of the 1970s and memory boom of the 1980s, is inscribed in the complex geopolitical landscape configured after the end of Cold War, within the context of European enlargement and the struggles for recognition of the “new Europe”. The competition of “Europe’s Europes” memorial narratives about the “painful pasts” of West and East, which is also a competition between two mnemonic paradigms (cosmopolitan vs. national(ist)-antagonist), is followed against the background of both the transnational turn in memory studies and memory politics and the re-nationalization of European politics and ideologies, tightly connected to the post–Cold War developments. Keywords: politics of history and memory, (trans)national memory, post-Cold War Europe, Europeanization, European identity.

Citation suggestion: Iorga, Alina. “Memorie, istorie şi politic(i) în ‘Europele Europei’ înainte şi după 1989.” Transilvania, no. 9 (2022): 70-88. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.09.09.

Trauma și memoria războiului civil spaniol

Autor: Crina DUCA
Email: crina.duca@ulbsibiu.ro

The Trauma and the Memory of the Spanish Civil War

Abstract: The study examines from a historical-psychological perspective the suffering faced by the victims of the Spanish Civil War in emotional, social, economic and living conditions generally incompatible with the simplest exercise of recovery from trauma. The victims, unlike the victors, who used and abused their right to mourn and honour their fallen, were forced to swallow their tears and grief, to hide or deny their ideas, to be ashamed of their ideological condition, to impose an iron silence on themselves; in short, to drown their own memory and with it any possibility of mourning or recovering from the horrors of war. Keywords: trauma studies, Spanish Civil War, victim psychology, survivor guilt, personal trauma under dictatorship.

Citation suggestion: Duca, Crina. “Trauma și memoria războiului civil spaniol.” Transilvania, no. 9 (2022): 89-96. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.09.10.

Studii culturale

Radu Jude’s Montage Experiments with Documents of Oppression and Mass Murder

Autor: Andrei GORZO, Veronica LAZĂR
Email: andrei.gorzo@unatc.ro

Radu Jude’s Montage Experiments with Documents of Oppression and Mass Murder

Abstract: The article discusses critically the following films—short and feature-length—by Radu Jude: The Dead Nation (2017), The Marshal’s Two Executions (2018), Punish and Discipline (2019), Uppercase Print (2020), The Exit of the Trains (2020), Caricaturana (2021), Memories from the Eastern Front (2021), and The Potemkinists (2022). In four of them—The Dead Nation, The Marshal’s Two Executions, The Exit of the Trains and Memories from the Eastern Front (the last two co-directed with historian Adrian Cioflâncă)—Jude cinematically curates Holocaustrelated archives, exposing Romanian antisemitic atrocities. Uppercase Print and Punish and Discipline explore state apparatuses of repression from other periods in Romanian history, while The Marshal’s Two Executions and The Potemkinists interrogate the relation between art and historical memory. A number of these films work by juxaposing two different sets of documents, using one set to tease out a narrative that the other set represses. Jude himself has described these works “as timid explorations” into the possibilities of montage (possibilities that the New Romanian Cinema of the 2000s had largely neglected), presided over by the spirit of Sergei Eisenstein. That spirit is explicitly (and playfully) conjured in Caricaturana and The Potemkinists . Keywords: Radu Jude, antisemitism, Holocaust, found footage, montage, Eisenstein, Gianina Cărbunariu, Adrian Cioflâncă, archives, archival documentary, historical memory, politics of history.

Citation suggestion: Gorzo, Andrei, and Veronica Lazăr. “Radu Jude’s Montage Experiments with Documents of Oppression and Mass Murder.” Transilvania, no. 9 (2022): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.09.01.

William James: Meseria de filosof

Autor: Anton ADĂMUȚ
Email: antonadamut@yahoo.com

William James: The Job of the Philosopher

Abstract: This year marked the 180th anniversary of the birth of William James and the 112th anniversary of his death. James is the father of American psychology, founded the philosophical school of pragmatism and he is also the founder of functional psychology. What always struck James was the considerable distance that separates the rationalist spirit, defined as an instrument of logical operations, from reality. Hence the unforgiving and ironic criticism made towards the philosophies absorbed by forms and methods and that forget what they want at the end of the research. James qualifies such philosophies as indulging in a kind of verbal “sport” in which they put into circulation words through other words, when the error is greater if you forget the vocabulary of a colleague than if you neglect the real. A few considerations about all this constitute the content of the following study. Keywords: philosophy, pragmatism, psychology, truth, reality, facts, method.

Citation suggestion: Adămuț, Anton. “William James: meseria de filosof.” Transilvania, no. 9 (2022): 15-20. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.09.02.

Patrimoniu cultural digital. Formare și standardizare

Autor: Silviu BORȘ
Email: silviu.bors@ulbsibiu.ro

Digital Cultural Heritage. Formation and Standardisation

Abstract: The paper briefly presents the evolution of terminology related to heritage (natural, cultural, and digital), reviewing the key moments which led to their institutionalization at the global level, as well as to the practices of valorization of heritage and patrimony elements, focusing especially on the appearance of their third type, the digital cultural heritage. Keywords: heritage, cultural heritage, digital cultural heritage, digital cultural heritage standardization and terminology.

Citation suggestion: Borș, Silviu “Patrimoniu cultural digital. Formare și standardizare Transilvania, no. 9 (2022): 21-24 https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.09.03.

Biblioteconomie

Științele limbii

Științele economice

Antropologie. Studii filozofice

Teologie

Studii literare

Eminescu-thermosof sau cum intră știința în poezie (II)

Autor: Teodora DUMITRU
Email: teodoralilianadumitru@gmail.com

Eminescu-Thermosopher or How Science Enters Poetry (II)

Abstract: In this essay I show that the picture of universal extinction in the poem Satire I of the Romantic poet Mihai Eminescu (1850-1889) is deeply and rigorously inspired by a theory of thermodynamics from the 1870s, more precisely by the theory of universal “death” launched in the second part of 19th century by physicists William Thomson and Rudolf Clausius. My interpretation addresses competing interpretations, from literary-centric scenarios claiming that Eminescu’s representation of the extinction is inspired by or approaches models of the mythological-Christian tradition or universal literature, to scenarios that also launch hypotheses in the field of science, but other than thermodynamics. I am also interested in producing here, in the alternative, a critique of the thesis – widespread not only in popular culture but also in the most serious academic circles – according to which many of the discoveries of modern and even contemporary science would have been “announced,” “contained,” or “coded” in literary fiction, mythology, religious narratives etc., from ancient times (Indian, Judeo-Christian mythology etc.) to modern authors. Keywords: classical mechanics, cosmology, termodinamics, entropy, poetry, Immanuel Kant, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), Rudolf Clausius, Spiru Haret, Mihai Eminescu, Scrisoarea I, G. Călinescu, Ion Heliade Rădulescu.

Citation suggestion: Dumitru, Teodora. “Eminescu-thermosof sau cum intră știința în poezie (II).” Transilvania, no. 9 (2022): 25-41. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.09.04.

Rescrieri feminine ale Odiseei (1) Margaret Atwood, Penelopiada

Autor: Alexandra CIOCÂRLIE
Email: aciocarlie@gmail.com

Feminine rewritings of the Odyssey (1): Margaret Atwood, The Penelopiad

Abstract: Margaret Atwood in The Penelopiad, a modern rewriting of the mythical story, imagines Odysseus’ tale from the perspective of Penelope. In afterlife, the shadow of the heroine is recalling her life focusing on the relationship with her illustrious husband. Dissatisfied with the Homeric version of the events, she is claiming the right to speak in order to reject her presentation from the epic poem and also the gossip about her infidelity. Her narrative reconstitution reveals the ins and outs of the legends and brings into light a more complex appearance of a woman which is famous only as an exemplary wife. Keywords: epic poem, modern novel, rewriting, feminine perspective.

Citation suggestion: Ciocârlie, Alexandra. “Rescrieri feminine ale Odiseei (1) Margaret Atwood, Penelopiada” Transilvania, no. 9 (2022): 42-47. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.09.05.

Fascination du matériel. Cioran et le travail poétique de la matière-émotion

Autor: Dumitra BARON
Email: dumitra.baron@ulbsibiu.ro

The Fascination of the Material: Cioran and the Poetic Labor of Emotion-Matter

Abstract: This article aims to identify the various mechanisms used by the Romanian-born French writer Cioran (1911-1995) in his works and notebooks, with regard to the ways of conveying emotion into words. Starting from the theories of Michel Collot, Gaston Bachelard, Roland Barthes, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, we will attempt to identify the main coordinates of Cioranian thought who tries to replicate in a poetic and fragmentary writing (hence the similarities to haikus) the different strata of the perceived reality, often engaging in a real exercise of material imagination on elements such as wood, water, fire ou stone. Keywords: material-emotion, image, haiku, Cioran, Roger Caillois.

Citation suggestion: Baron, Dumitra. “Fascination du matériel. Cioran et le travail poétique de la matière-émotion” Transilvania, no. 9 (2022): 48-53. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.09.06.

Review: Imre Dániel, agentul cultural al lui Ignác Batthyány sau cum s-a constituit biblioteca Batthyaneum din Alba Iulia

Autor: Marcela CIORTEA
Email: marcela.ciortea@uab.ro

Review: Imre Daniel, the Cultural Agent of Ignác Batthyány or how Has the Batthynaeum Library of Alba Iulia Been Built

Abstract: Portretul unui iluminist ardelean. Bibliotecarul Imre Dániel (1754-1804)/ Portrait of a Transylvanian Enlightener, Librarian Imre Dániel (1754-1804) is a monography centered around the figure of a catholic Armenian, a native from Dumbrăveni, nowadays in the county of Sibiu, who, alongside bishop Ignác Batthyány, developed rich scientific and cultural activities. Educated in schools from Cluj and Vienna, Imre Dániel had vast knowledge of Latin paleography, codicology, diplomacy, library, foreign languages, which helped him in his activity as a librarian, copyist and researcher, investigated by Andreea Mârza for a timespan of approximately 30 years. Ending up in Transylvania after being promoted as bishop, interested in the history of the Church of Transylvania and Hungary, Ignác Batthyány, who was planning to transform Alba Iulia intro an important scientific and cultural center, sent the scholar of Dumbrăveni to different parts of Europe, in order to acquire manuscripts or printed books for the library of Alba Iulia. Besides book acquisition, which increased the size of his personal library, brought by the bishop to Transylvania, Imre Dániel is the author of the first incunabula catalogue from Batthyaneum Library. Keywords: Batthyaneum, codicology, library, copyist, catalogue, Dániel, Andreea Mârza.

Citation suggestion: Ciortea, Marcela. “Review: Imre Dániel, agentul cultural al lui Ignác Batthyány sau cum s-a constituit biblioteca Batthyaneum din Alba Iulia.” Transilvania, no. 9(2022): 54-57. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.09.07.

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