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nr. 5 / 2022

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Revista: 5 / 2022
Anul Publicarii:2022
Print ISSN: 0255-0539

Științe socio-umane

Amenințări la adresa libertății presei: intimidarea, hărțuirea și agresarea jurnaliștilor

Autor: Raluca Mureșan
Email: raluca.muresan@ulbsibiu.ro

Threats to the Freedom of the Press: Intimidation, Harassment, and Attacks Against Journalists

Abstract: All over the world investigative journalism involves tremendous risks. Attacks and aggressions aimed to intimidate, humiliate, or discrediting journalists and even to undermine the credibility of the media are a growing phenomenon in the digital world. Threats to the freedom of press include various types of intimidation, harassment, or attacks, while women journalists often face gender-specific forms of violence. In this study we investigate the most common forms of intimidation and pressure that journalists face in Romania: attacks from the politicians, intimidation through lawsuits, aggressive reactions from the public, various types of digital harassment including hacking, doxing and identity spoofing, online sexual attacks against women, physical violence. Any form of aggression, besides the direct effects on victims, represents threat to the freedom of the press, and must be publicly denounce.

Keywords: attacks, gender, harassment, intimidation, investigative journalism, freedom of the press, online commenting.

Citation suggestion: Mureșan, Raluca. “Amenințări la adresa libertății presei: intimidarea, hărțuirea și agresarea jurnaliștilor.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 6-11. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.02.

Antonijevic, Zorana. “The media cannot be truly free if women’s voices are silenced.” In Countering Online Abuse of Female Journalists, edited by Becky Gardiner, 8-12. Vienna: Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media, OSCE, 2016.

Bartlett, Jamie, Richard Norrie, Sofia Patel, Rebekka Rumpel, and Simon Wibberley. Misogyny on Twitter. Demos, 2014. https://www.demos.co.uk/files/MISOGYNY_ON_TWITTER.pdf

Bartman, Jos Midas. “Murder in Mexico: Are Journalists Victims of General Violence or Targeted Political Violence?” Democratization 25, no. 7 (2018): 1093–1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2018.1445998

Byerly, Carolyn M. Global Report on the Status of Women in the News Media, International Women’s Media Foundation, 2011. https://www.iwmf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/IWMF-Global-Report.pdf

Chen, Gina Masullo, Paromita Pain, Victoria Y Chen, Madlin Mekelburg, Nina Springer, and Franziska Troger. “‘You Really Have to Have a Thick Skin’: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on How Online Harassment Influences Female Journalists.” Journalism 21, no. 7 (July 2020): 877–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918768500

Ganea, Liana, Maria Popa, Irina Zamfirescu, Ionuț Codreanu, Laurențiu Sîrbu, Radu Răileanu, and Mircea Toma. Raportul FreeEx: Libertatea presei în România 2018-2019. ActiveWatch, 2021. https://www.euractiv.ro/documente/Raport%20FreeEx%202018-2019.pdf

Hagen, Aina Landsverk. “Shame, shock and speech injuries: Online harassment against journalists in Norway.” In Countering Online Abuse of Female Journalists, edited by Becky Gardiner, 17-20. Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media, OSCE, 2016.

Ireton, Cherilyn, and Julie Posetti. “Jurnalism, fake-news & dezinformare.” UNESCO/Universitatea din București, 2021.

Lupu, Cristina. Jurnalismul în 2021: o cursă cu obstacole și cu tot mai puțini câștigători. București: Centrul pentru Jurnalism Independent, 2021. https://cji.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Jurnalismul-in-2021.-O-cursa-cu-obstacole-si-cu-tot-mai-putini-castigatori-raport.pdf

McKenzie, Alison Bethel. “In Solidarity With ‘The Pantyless Journalist’: How Journalists in The Bahamas Stood Up to The Cyberbullies.”  In Countering Online Abuse of Female Journalists, edited by Becky Gardiner, 21-26. Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media, OSCE, 2016.

Milivojević, Snježana. “More platforms, less freedom: How new media reproduce old patriarchal structures.” In Countering Online Abuse of Female Journalists, edited by Becky Gardiner, 31-34. Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media, OSCE, 2016.

Miller, Kaitlin C, and Seth C Lewis. “Journalists, Harassment, and Emotional Labor: The Case of Women in on-Air Roles at US Local Television Stations.” Journalism 23, no. 1 (January 2022): 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919899016.

Muresan, Raluca, and Minodora Salcudean. “Hate and the Roma of Romania: Failing to Moderate the Conversation.” Journal of Media Ethics 32, no. 4 (2017): 235-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2017.1360687

Newman, Elana, Susan Drevo, Bradley Brummel, Gavin Rees, and Bruce Shapiro. “Online abuse of women journalists: Towards an Evidence-based Approach to Prevention and Intervention.” In Countering Online Abuse of Female Journalists, edited by Becky Gardiner, 47-51. Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media, OSCE, 2016.

Posetti, Julie, Nermine Aboulez, Kalina Bontcheva, Jackie Harrison, and Silvio Waisbord. Online violence against women journalists: a global snapshot of incidence and impacts. UNESCO, 2021.

Radsch, Courtney C. “Laws, Norms and Block Bots: A Multifaceted Approach to Combatting Online Abuse.” In Countering Online Abuse of Female Journalists, edited by Becky Gardiner, 35-40. Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media, OSCE, 2016.

Selva, Meera. Fighting Words: Journalism Under Assault in Central and Eastern Europe. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, 2020. https://bird.tools/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/MSelva-Journalism_Under_Assault_FINAL_0.pdf

Terian, Simina-Maria. “What Is Fake News: A New Definition.” Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2021): 112-120. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2021.11-12.17

 

Selected Online Resources:

Dîrțu, Mona. “Reconstituirea: Cum au orchestrat foștii capi ai Academiei de Poliție amenințarea cu moartea a jurnalistei Emilia Șercan.” PressOne, 25 May 2021. Online: https://pressone.ro/reconstituirea-cum-au-orchestrat-fostii-capi-ai-academiei-de-politie-amenintarea-cu-moartea-a-jurnalistei-emilia-sercan

Duca, Dan. “Incidentele dintre jurnalista italiană și Diana Șoșoacă, în principalul jurnal de pe Rai Uno. Lucia Gorraci: ‘Am fost sechestrată, soțul senatoarei m-a lovit’.” Libertatea, 13 December 2021. Online: https://www.libertatea.ro/stiri/incidentele-dintre-jurnalista-italiana-si-diana-sosoaca-in-principalul-jurnal-de-pe-rai-uno-laura-gorraci-am-fost-sechestrata-sotul-senatoarei-m-a-lovit-politia-ne-a-perchezitionat-3883099

Matei, Alexandru. “Nicușor Dan anunță că va renunța la toate procesele pe care Gabriela Firea, în calitate de primar general, le-a intentat mai multor jurnaliști, publicații și politicieni care au criticat-o.” G4Media, 11 January 2021. Online: https://www.g4media.ro/nicusor-dan-anunta-ca-va-renunta-la-toate-procesele-pe-care-gabriela-firea-in-calitate-de-primar-general-le-a-intentat-mai-multor-jurnalisti-publicatii-si-politicieni-care-au-criticat-o.html

Neacșu, Bobi, Tiberiu Bujdei, Denisa Dudescu, Răzvan Luțac, and Andrada Lăutaru. “Un activist de mediu şi doi jurnaliști, bătuţi crunt în județul Suceava, când filmau un material despre tăierile ilegale de păduri”. Libertatea, 17 September 2021. Online: https://www.libertatea.ro/stiri/un-activist-de-mediu-si-doi-jurnalisti-batuti-crunt-in-judetul-suceava-in-timp-ce-filmau-un-material-despre-taierile-ilegale-de-paduri-3739384

Neagu, Alina. “Jurnalista Digi 24 Carla Tănasie acuză presiuni din partea managerului Spitalului Sfânta Maria, Narcis Copcă, după ce a făcut public cazul unei paciente arse pe față în timpul unei operații la acest spital.” Hotnews, 22 November 2019. Online: https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-sanatate-23508176-jurnalista-digi-24-carla-cristina-tanasie-acuza-presiuni-din-partea-managerului-spitalului-sfanta-maria-narcis-copca-dupa-facut-public-cazul-unei-paciente-arse-fata-timpul-unei-operatii-acest-spital.htm

Rădulescu, Adelina. “Jurnalista Diana Oncioiu, amenințată „că i se rupe capul” dacă nu oprește o investigație despre pedofilie la seminarul Huși.” Europa Liberă, 11 June 2019. Online: https://romania.europalibera.org/a/jurnalista-diana-oncioiu-amenințată-că-i-se-rupe-capul-dacă-nu-oprește-o-investigație-despre-episcopia-huși/29993573.html

Jurnalism științific. Cum a schimbat pandemia de Covid 19 raportul dintre jurnalism și știință?

Autor: Minodora SĂLCUDEAN
Email: minodora.salcudean@ulbsibiu.ro

Scientific Journalism: How has the Covid-19 Pandemic Changed the Relationship Between Journalism and Science?

Abstract: The pandemic crisis has made the relationship between journalism and science, particularly in the medical and public health spheres, more strained than ever. In an unexpected way, professional journalists have had to re-evaluate and filter information, data, opinions and consider the international scientific community and research findings. Studies show that health journalism becomes credible and responsible when it contextualises events and documents material based on experts, medical authorities, prestigious research institutions, studies validated by international evaluations, etc. The period of global health crisis has highlighted more than ever the role and responsibility of professional journalism, its reporting to relevant research sources and its inherent links to science. This theoretical article aims to highlight key concepts such as science journalism and to exemplify how they are reflected in Romanian health journalism practices.

Keywords: media,  science journalism, health communication, Covid-19, pandemic.

Citation suggestion: Sălcudean, Minodora. “Jurnalism științific. Cum a schimbat pandemia de Covid 19 raportul dintre jurnalism și știință?.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 12-20. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.03.

Allan, Stuart. “Introduction: Science Journalism in a Digital Age”. Journalism, no.7 (2011): 771–777. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884911412688.

Edwards, Maxim, ed. “A Lockdown for Independent Media?”. Fridrich Ebert Stiftung, 2020. https://budapest.fes.de/fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/pdf-dateien/A_Lockdown_for_Independent_Media_Report_Final.pdf.

Brossard, Dominque, and Bruce Lewenstein. “A Critical Appraisal of Models of Public Understanding of Science: Using Practise to Inform Theory.” In Communicating Science: New Agendas in Communication, edited by Lee Ann Kaholr and Patricia A. Stout, 11-39. London and New York: Routledge, 2010.

Bucchi, Massimiano, and Renato G. Mazzolini. “Big Science, Little News: Science Coverage in the Italian Daily Press, 1964–1997.” Public Understanding of Science 12, no. 1 (2003): 7–24.

Bucchi, Massimiano, and Brian Trench. Routledge Handbook of Public Communication of Science and Technology, second edition. London and New York: Routledge. 2014.

Cassels, Alan, Merrilee A. Hughes, Carol Cole, Barbara Mintzes, Joel Lexchin, James P. McCormack. “Drugs in the News: An Analysis of Canadian Newspaper Coverage of New Prescription Drugs.” CMAJ 168, no. 9 (2003): 1133–1137.

Guenther, Lars. “Science Journalism.” Journalism Studies (2019). https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.901.

Chirica, Mihaela. „Campania de vaccinare anti HPV, un eșec. Președintele Grupului de Vaccinologie: România a rămas pradă numărului mare de decese” [“HPV vaccination campaign, a failure. President of the Vaccinology Group: Romania has fallen prey to the large number of deaths”] Alephnews, April, 26, 2021. https://alephnews.ro/sanatate/campania-de-vaccinare-anti-hpv-un-esec/.

Craciun, Catrinel and Adriana Baban. “Who will Take the Blame?: Understanding the Reasons why Romanian Mothers Decline HPV Vaccination for Their Daughters.” Vaccine 30, no. 48 (2012): 6789-6793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.016.

Dennis, Everette E., and James McCartney. “Science Journalists on Metropolitan Dailies.” Journal of Environmental Education 10, no. 10-11 (2010): 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1979.9942627.

Digi 24. “Numărul deceselor provocate de rujeolă a crescut cu 30%. Motivul care a dus la cifra îngrijorătoare” [“The number of dead people caused by measles has risen by 30%. The reason for the worrying numbers”], Digi24, December 6, 2019. https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/sanatate/numarul-deceselor-provocate-de-rujeola-a-crescut-cu-30-motivul-care-a-dus-la-cifra-ingrijoratoare-1227855.

Digi24. „Programul ratat de vaccinare care a dus la moartea a peste 17.000 de femei din România. Sute de mii de doze aruncate” [“The failed vaccination program that led to the death of over 17,000 women in Romania. Hundreds of thousands of doses thrown away”]. Digi24, March 1, 2020. https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/sanatate/pacient-in-romania/programul-ratat-de-vaccinare-din-romania-care-a-dus-la-moartea-a-peste-17-000-de-femei-in-10-ani-un-milion-de-doze-aruncate-1265185.

Dunwoody, Sharon. “Scientists, Journalists, and the Meaning of Uncertainty.” In Communicating Uncertainty: Media Coverage of New and Controversial Science, edited by Sharon M. Friedman. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1999.

Dunwoody, Sharon. “Science journalism: Prospects in the digital age.” In Routledge Handbook of Public Communication of Science and Technology, second edition, edited by Massimiano Bucchi and Brian Trench, 27-38. London: Routledge, 2014.

Dunwoody, Sharon. “Science Journalism and Pandemic Uncertainty.” Media and Communication 8, no. 2 (2020): 471–474. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.3224.

Durach, Flavia, Raluca Buturoiu, Dana Craiu, Cristina Cazacu, Alina Bargaoanu. “Crisis of Confidence in Vaccination and the Role of Social Media.” European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 36 (2022): 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.12.009.

Fallas, Hassel, “Explaining the Pandemic: 2020 Data and Visual Journalism Projects on COVID-19.” Global Investigative Journalism Network, March 10, 2021. https://gijn.org/2021/03/10/explaining-the-pandemic-2020-data-and-visual-journalism-projects-on-covid-19/.

Friedman, Sharon M. Science Communication Between News and Public Relations. New York: Routledge, 1999.

Guenther, Lars. “Science Journalism.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication: 2019.

Jervelund, S. Smith. “How Social Media is Transforming the Spreading of Knowledge: Implications for Our Perceptions Concerning Vaccinations and Migrant Health.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 2 (2018): 167-169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818760139.

Klemm, Celine, Enny Das, and Tilo Hartmann. “Changed Priorities Ahead: Journalists’ Shifting Role Perceptions when Covering Public Health Crises.” Journalism 20, no. 9 (2019): 1223-1241. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884917692820.

Leask, Julie,  Claire Hooker, and Catherine King. “Media Coverage of Health Issues and how to Work More Effectively with Journalists: A Qualitative Study.” BMC Public Health, PMID: 20822552; PMCID: PMC2941688 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-535.

Lehmkuhl, Markus, Christina Karamanidou, Tuomo Mora, Kristina Petkova, Brian Trench, and AVSA-Team. “Scheduling Science on Television: A Comparative Analysis of the Representations of Science in 11 European Countries.” Public Understanding of Science 21, no. 8, (2012): 1002–1018.

Litvinenko, Anna, Alexandra Borissova, and Anna Smoliarova. “Politicization of Science Journalism: How Russian Journalists Covered the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Journalism Studies (2022): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2021.2017791.

Bauer, Martin W., and Massimiano Bucchi, eds. Journalism, Science and Society. London and New York: Routledge, 2008.

Ling, Rich. “Confirmation Bias in the Era of Mobile News Consumption: The Social and Psychological Dimensions.” Digital Journalism 8, no. 5 (2020): 596-604. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1766987.

Mărăcine, Adelina. “Ce am învățat din eșecul campaniei anti-HPV din 2008. Odată cu aducerea vaccinului anti-HPV a fost importată și mișcarea antivaccin” [What we’ve learned from the failure of the 2008 HPV campaign. With the introduction of the HPV vaccine, the anti-vaccine movement was also imported.]. Scena9, January 13, 2022. https://www.scoala9.ro/ce-am-invatat-din-esecul-campaniei-anti-hpv-din-2008–odata-cu-aducerea/1128/.

Mixich, Vlad. “România și conspirația HPV” [“Romania and the HPV conspiracy”], Deutsche Welle, November 27, 2008. https://www.dw.com/ro/rom%C3%A2nia-%C5%9Fi-conspira%C5%A3ia-hpv/a-3825085.

Murcott, Toby H. L., and Andy Williams. “The Challenges for Science Journalism in the UK.” Progress in Physical Geography, 37(2), (2012):152–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133312471285.

Mureșanu, Mihaela. “MMR Vaccine Representation in New Media, in Romania.” Philosophy, Social and Human Disciplines II (2019): 31-58. http://www.apshus.usv.ro/arhiva/2019II/APSHUSDec2019_31_58.pdf.

Mureșanu, Mihaela. “The European Discourse on Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Vaccination.” Romanian Journal of Sociological Studies, no. 2, (2020): 141–156. https://journalofsociology.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/07-Mihaela.pdf.

Mureșan, Raluca, Minodora Sălcudean, and Adina Pintea. “Information and News Consumption: Perception on the Communication of Authorities and Journalists During the Covid-19 Pandemic.” Postmodern Openings 12, no. 4 (2021): 104-123. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/12.4/363.

Neagu, Alina. “Cealaltă campanie de vaccinare, despre care nu vorbește (aproape) nimeni.” Hotnews. April 29, 2021. https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-sanatate-24768237-exclusiv-cealalta-campanie-vaccinare-despre-care-nu-vorbeste-aproape-nimeni.htm.

Neagu, Alina. “Alexandru Rafila spune că am trecut cu bine peste valul 5 și vorbește despre o relaxare în etape” [“Alexandru Rafila says that we passed well over wave 5 and talks about a relaxation in stages”] Hotnews. February 21, 2022. https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-coronavirus-25378469-alexandru-rafila-urmatoarele-3-saptamani-putea-ajunge-numar-zilnic-cazuri-3-cifre-trecut-bine-peste-acest-val-spune-despre-relaxarea-restrictiilor.htm/amp.

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Nguyen, An., and Daniel Catalan-Matamoros. “Digital Mis/Disinformation and Public Engagement with Health and Science Controversies: Fresh Perspectives from Covid-19.” Media and Communication 8, no. 2 (2020): 323–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.3352.

Obae, Petrișor. “Bani pentru presa.15 milioane de euro de la Guvern pentru televiziuni. Intact, 5 milioane de euro. Pro TV – patru milioane. Cat au luat deja posturile TV?” [“Money for the Press. 15 million euros from the Government for televisions. Intact, 5 million euros. Pro TV – four million. How much have TV stations already taken?”]. Pagina de Media. February 20, 2021. https://www.paginademedia.ro/2021/02/bani-pentru-presa-cat-au-luat-posturile-tv-guvern-intact-pro-tv/.

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Dincolo de un fenomen social: ia și valorificarea unui tipar identitar

Autor: Adina HULUBAȘ, Ioana REPCIUC
Email: irepciuc@gmail.com

Beyond a Social Phenomenon: The Ia and the Valorification of a Cultural Identity Pattern

Abstract: The paper aims to explain the concept of “identity” by drawing the intricate cultural and political history of an important piece of the Romanian peasant attire. Involved and instrumentalized within various political and cultural identity programs, traditional clothing was exhibited by ethnographers, anthropologists, cultural activists for a long time as an identity landmark meant to display racial differences, national stereotypes, and social hierarchies. The Romanian peasant attire was thus transformed from a community internal practical and symbolical object to an ethnic and then national identity tool. More recently, the national project of inscribing the traditional Romanian female blouse with embroidery on the shoulder on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage is an opportunity for various stakeholders and promoters to reuse and commodify this clothing piece within their own cultural and commercial programs and to redefine and redesign the concept of “heritage community”.

Keywords: ethnic identity, heritage community, peasant attire, national costume, Romanian peasant, traditional Romanian women’s blouse with embroidery on the shoulder.

Citation suggestion: Hulubaș, Adina, and Repciuc, Ioana. “Dincolo de un fenomen social: ia și valorificarea unui tipar identitar” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 21-29. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.04.

Atlasul lingvistic român pe regiuni [The Romanian Regions Linguistic Atlas]. Vol I-V. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 1969-2011.

Barth, Frederick, ed. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1969.

Bănățeanu, Tancred. Portul popular românesc [The Romanian Traditional Clothing]. Bucharest: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, 1965.

Bănățeanu, Tancred, Gheorghe Focșa, and Emilia Ionescu, ed. Arta populară în Republica Populară Română. Port, țesături, cusături [The Folk Art in The People’s Republic of Romania: Clothes, Weavings, Seams]. Bucharest: Editura de Stat pentru Literatură și Artă, 1957.

Bauman, Zygmunt. Liquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000.

Bobu Florescu, Florea. “Geneza costumului popular românesc” [The Genesis of Romanian Folk Costume]. Studii și cercetări de istoria artei, no. 1 (1959): 19-47.

Bocșe, Maria. “Mutații contemporane privind funcțiile și semnificațiile portului popular transilvănean” [Contemporary Mutations of the Functions and Semnifications of the Folk Clothing from Transylvania]. Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic al Transilvaniei X (1978): 261-277.

Caraman, Petru. Restituiri etnologice [Ethnological Restitutions]. Iași: Editura Universității „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, 2018.

Ciubotaru, I. H. Catolicii din Moldova. Universul culturii populare [The Catholics from Moldavia: The Universe of Folk Culture]. Vol. I. Iași: Presa Bună, 1998.

Comanici, Germina. “Aspecte contemporane în cercetarea portului popular” [Contemporary Aspects in the Research of Folk Clothing]. Revista de Etnografie și Folclor, no. 1 (1977): 101-111.

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Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. “Keeping the Recipe: Norwegian Folk Costumes and Cultural Capital.” Focaal – European Journal of Anthropology, no. 44 (2004): 20–34.

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Arte vizuale

Filozofie și studii sociale

Antropologie și etnologie

Sociologie

Științe politice & juridice

Istorie & Antropologie

Studii culturale

Radu Jude’s Satirical Studies of Male Rage and Self-Pity

Autor: Andrei GORZO, Veronica LAZĂR
Email: andrei.gorzo@unatc.ro

Radu Jude’s Satirical Studies of Male Rage and Self-Pity

Abstract: The article discusses four Radu Jude films – the shorts Alexandra (2008) and It Can Pass Through the Wall (2014), the never released, 60-minute long A Film for Friends (2011), and Jude’s official second feature, Everybody in Our Family (2012) – grouping them together as satirical studies of male rage and self-pity, with elements of psychodrama.

Keywords: Radu Jude, New Romanian Cinema, toxic masculinity, farce.

Citation suggestion: Gorzo, Andrei, and Lazăr, Veronica. “Radu Jude’s Satirical Studies of Male Rage and Self-Pity.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.01.

Andrew, J. Dudley. What Cinema Is!: Bazin’s Quest and Its Charge. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

Caranfil, Tudor. “Un film însăilat din prefabricate de nou Val” [A Movie Filled with New Wave Prefabricates”]. Cațavencii, April 12, 2012, https://www.catavencii.ro/un-film-insailat-din-prefabricate-de-nou-val/.

Ferencz-Flatz, Christian. Filmul ca situație socială [Film as Social Situation]. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2018.

Filimon, Monica. Cristi Puiu. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2017.

Gorzo, Andrei, and Veronica Lazăr. “A Slight Unease About Capitalism: Radu Jude’s The Happiest Girl in the World and the New Romanian Cinema.” Transilvania, no. 4 (2022): 1-14.

Gorzo, Andrei, and Veronica Lazăr. “The New Romanian Cinema and Beyond: The Films of Radu Jude.” Transilvania, no. 3 (2022): 1-9.

Gorzo, Andrei. “Police Adjective: The Words and the Things.” Close Up 2, no. 2 (2018): 21-27.

Nasta, Dominique. Contemporary Romanian Cinema: The History of an Unexpected Miracle. Columbia University Press, 2013.

Oleszczyk, Michał. “To the moon, Alice! – in Romanian.” February 27, 2013, https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/everybody-in-our-family-2012.

Rus, Andrei. “Farsele macabre ale lui Radu Jude” [The Macabre Farces of Radu Jude]. In Politicile filmului. Contribuții la interpretarea cinemaului românesc contemporan [The Politics of Film: Contributions to the Interpretation of the Contemporary Romanian Cinema], edited by Andrei Gorzo and Andrei State, 119-127. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2014.

Strausz, László. “Realism under Construction.” Short Film Studies 7, no. 2 (2017): 149-152.

Biblioteconomie

Științele limbii

Științele economice

Antropologie. Studii filozofice

Teologie

Studii literare

Cuprins RT 5 / 2022

Cuprins | Contents

Studii culturale

Andrei Gorzo & Veronica Lazăr | 1 Radu Jude’s Satirical Studies of Male Rage and Self-Pity

 

Științe sociale

Raluca Mureșan | 6 Amenințări la adresa libertății presei: intimidarea, hărțuirea și agresarea jurnaliștilor [Threats to the Freedom of the Press: Intimidation, Harassment, and Attacks Against Journalists]

Minodora Sălcudean | 12 Jurnalism științific. Cum a schimbat pandemia de Covid 19 raportul dintre jurnalism și știință? [Scientific Journalism: How has the Covid-19 Pandemic Changed the Relationship Between Journalism and Science?]

Adina Hulubaș & Ioana Repciuc | 21 Dincolo de un fenomen social: ia și valorificarea unui tipar identitar [Beyond a Social Phenomenon: The Ia and the Valorification of a Cultural Identity Pattern]

 

Studii literare

Teodora Dumitru | 30 „Geniul” la Eminescu și „geniul” lui Eminescu.Problemă cosmologică și afacere național(ist)ă (I) [The Genius in Eminescu and Eminescu’s Genius:The Cosmologic Problem and the National(ist) Affair]

Amelia-Diana Maroiu | 46 Review of Temporality in Romanian Editions of The Stranger by Albert Camus

 

Dosar Rural Modernism

coordonat de Adriana Stan și Claudiu Turcuș

Anca Parvulescu & Manuela Boatcă | 53 Creolizarea modernității [Creolizing the Modern]

Michael Niblett | 57 “The vision of these monstrous deformities”: Rurality, Peripheral Capitalism, and Narrative Voice in Brazilian Fiction

Vladimira Derkova | 65 What is the Proper Peasant to Do? Changes in Perspective on Cultivating Land in Czech Ruralism

Alex Goldiș | 71 The Pressure of De-Ruralization in Marin Predaʼs Post-Thaw Novels

Costi Rogozanu | 76 The Socialist Realist Structure of Marin Predaʼs Moromeții

Ionucu Pop | 81 The Anti-Ruralism of the Sibiu Literary Circle:I. Negoițescu and the “Pășunism” in Romanian Modernist Literature

Adriana Stan &Claudiu Turcuș | 90 Geographies of Capitalism in Romanian Postcommunist Literature and Film: Villages, Cities, Markets

„Geniul” la Eminescu și „geniul” lui Eminescu. Problemă cosmologică și afacere național(ist)ă (I)

Autor: Teodora DUMITRU
Email: teodoralilianadumitru@gmail.com

The Genius in Eminescu and Eminescu’s Genius: The Cosmologic Problem and the National(ist) Affair

Abstract: In this paper I investigate how the interpretation of the Romantic poet Mihai Eminescu’ work verifies the European transition from a rationalist conception of “genius” (according to which “genius” is a phenomenon subjected to the laws of nature/ society) to an irrationalist conception, where “genius” becomes a supernatural, miraculous or inexplicable phenomenon.

Keywords: genius, planet, nature’s laws, cosmology, thermodinamics, entropy, nationalism, communism, postcommunism, Eminescu, romanticism, Schopenhauer, C. Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Titu Maiorescu, E. Lovinescu, G. Călinescu.

Citation suggestion: Dumitru, Teodora. “„Geniul” la Eminescu și „geniul” lui Eminescu.Problemă cosmologică și afacere național(ist)ă (I).” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 30-45. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.05.

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Avramescu, Aurel. “Viziune eminesciană și ipoteze științifice în cosmogonie” [Eminescu’s Vision and Scientific Hypotheses in Cosmogony]. Ramuri, no. 1, August (1964).

Babuts, Nicolae. Mimesis in a Cognitive Perspective: Mallarmé, Flaubert, and Eminescu. London‒New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis, 2011.

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Eminescu, Mihai. Opere. VII. Traduceri. Transcrieri. Note de curs. Note de lectură. Excerpte [Works. VII. Translations. Transcripts. Course Notes. Reading Notes. Excerpts], edited by D. Vatamaniuc, foreword by Eugen Simion. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, Univers Enciclopedic, 2003.

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Review of Temporality in Romanian Editions of The Stranger by Albert Camus

Autor: Amelia-Diana MAROIU
Email: amelia_maroiu@yahoo.com

Review of Temporality in Romanian Editions of The Stranger by Albert Camus

Abstract: The Stranger novel, published in 1942 by Gallimard Publishing House, Paris, is a philosophical novel that shows the perspective of an absurd character, of the man alienated by himself and the others. From a linguistic perspective, what draws the attention in this novel is the construction of the speech regarding the expression of time. In this study we aim to analyse the manners in which temporality is expressed in the Romanian editions of The Stranger novel (editions of 1968 and 2019) from the perspective of Modes of Discourse, a theory broadly presented by Carlotta Smith in her study, Modes of Discourse (2003).

Keywords: tenses, temporality, The Stranger, discourse modes, semantics.

Citation suggestion: Maroiu, Amelia-Diana. “Review of Temporality in Romanian Editions of The Stranger by Albert Camus.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 46-51. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.06.

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Popescu, Cecilia-Mihaela. Viitorul și condiționalul în limbile romanice. Abordare morfosintactică și categorizare semantică din perspectivă diacronică [The Future and the Conditional in Romance Languages. Morphosyntactic Approach and Semantic Categorization from a Diachronic Perspective]. Craiova: Editura Universitaria, 2013.

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Creolizarea modernității

Autor: Anca PARVULESCU, Manuela BOATCĂ
Email: manuela.boatca@soziologie.uni-freiburg.de

Creolizing the Modern

Abstract: The article includes a preview excerpt, in Romanian, from the introduction of the book authored by Anca Pârvulescu and Manuela Boatcă, Creolizing the Modern: Transylvania across Empires, published by Cornell University Press in 2022. This volume espouses an inter-imperial approach focused on Transylvania and takes Liviu Rebreanuʼs canonical novel Ion as a case study.

Keywords: inter-imperiality, modernity, creolization, Liviu Rebreanu, world literature.

Citation suggestion: Pârvulescu, Anca, and Boatcă, Manuela. “Creolizarea modernității,” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 53-56. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.07.

Corresponding author: Manuela Boatcă, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany

Berlant, Lauren. “On the Case.” Critical Inquiry 33, no. 4 (2007): 663-672.

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“The vision of these monstrous deformities”: Rurality, Peripheral Capitalism, and Narrative Voice in Brazilian Fiction

Autor: Michael NIBLETT
Email: m.niblett@warwick.ac.uk

“The vision of these monstrous deformities”: Rurality, Peripheral Capitalism, and Narrative Voice in Brazilian Fiction

Abstract: The article debates the relationship between rurality, modernity, and the the dynamics of capital accumulation, with a particular focus on the Brazilian author Graciliano Ramosʼs novel São Bernardo. The main interest of this study is in exploring what happens when the narrative device of the voluble, domineering first-person narrator that various critics – such as Roberto Schwarz, Franco Moretti, or the members of the WReC – have identified as a frequent device in peripheral literary works – is transposed to Brazil’s own peripheries, its rural hinterlands.

Keywords: world literature, global/peripheral capitalism, narrative voice, Brazilian literature, Graciliano Ramos.

Citation suggestion: Niblett, Michael. “The vision of these monstrous deformities”: Rurality, Peripheral Capitalism, and Narrative Voice in Brazilian Fiction.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 57-64. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.08.

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Pacheco, Ana Paula. “The Subjectivity of the Werewolf.” In Graciliano Ramos and the Making of Modern Brazil, edited by Sara Brandellero and Lucia Villares, 66-90. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2017.

Ramos, Graciliano. São Bernardo. Translated by Padma Viswanathan. New York: New York Review of Books Classics, 2019.

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Schwarz, Roberto. “Neo-Backwardness in Bolsonaro’s Brazil.” New Left Review 123 (2020): 25-38.

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What is the Proper Peasant to Do? Changes in Perspective on Cultivating Land in Czech Ruralism

Autor: Vladimira DERKOVA
Email: vl.derkova@phil.muni.cz

What is the Proper Peasant to Do? Changes in Perspective on Cultivating Land in Czech Ruralism

Abstract: The paper focuses on cultural changes that the depiction of land cultivation in Czech ruralism literature (authors like Josef Knap, František Křelina, Václav Prokůpek, etc.) goes through in Modernism. It refers to the impact of political discourse and the influence of media – especially newspapers – at the time. The analysis points to the relevance of how traditionalist literature discourse incorporates modern approaches to agriculture and new modes of representation of the countryside.

Keywords: Czech literature, ruralism, Modernism, agriculture, newspaper.

Citation suggestion: Derkova, Vladimira. “What is the Proper Peasant to Do? Changes in Perspective on Cultivating Land in Czech Ruralism.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 65-70. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.09.

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Hnízdo, Vlastislav. “Role časopisu Sever a Východ v koncepci českého ruralismu” [The Role of the Magazine North and East in the Conceptualization of Czech Ruralism]. In Ruralismus, jeho kořeny a dědictví: osobnosti, díla, ideje: sborník referátů z vědecké konference konané ve dnech 22.-23. dubna 2005 v Sedmihorkách [Ruralism, its Roots and Heritage: Personalities, Works, Ideas. Collection of Papers from the Scientific Conference Held on 22-23 April 2005 in Sedmihorkách], edited by Ivo Navrátil, 60-69. Semily: Státní okresní archiv Semily, 2005.

Holeček, Lukáš. “The Countryside as an Indicator of Changing Times Representation of the Countryside in Czech Prose of 1935 to 1946.” In Portraying Countryside in Central European Literature, edited by Jakub Ivánek and Jan Malura, 288-302. Ostrava: Univesity of Ostrava, 2021.

Holeček, Lukáš. Antonín Matula, filozof a úředník ve službě venkovu [Antonín Matula, a Philosopher and a Civil Servant in the Service of the Country]. Prague: NLN. 2019.

Jančík, Drahomír. “Agrarismus a cesta ‘básníků české půdyʼ k ruralismu.” [Agrarianism and the Path of the ‘Poets of Czech Soilʼ Towards Ruralism]. In Český a německý sedlák v zrcadle krásné literatury: 1848-1948 [The Czech and German Peasant in the Mirror of Fiction: 1848-1948], edited by Edvard Kubů, Jiří Šouša, and Aleš Zářický, 590–613. Prague: Dokořán, 2014.

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The Pressure of De-Ruralization in Marin Predaʼs Post-Thaw Novels

Autor: Alex GOLDIȘ
Email: alexandru.goldis@ubbcluj.ro

The Pressure of De-Ruralization in Marin Predaʼs Post-Thaw Novels

Abstract: The paper looks at the tension between ruralism and urbanism and between foreign models and autochthonous engagement in Marin Predaʼs literary evolution. Although Preda is seen as the most representative rural novelist of the post-war Romanian literature, the aim of the paper is to demonstrate that, starting with the 1962 Risipitorii, his career can be described as a systematic attempt to de-emphasize this framing. The study also tries to pinpoint some of the ideological or cultural aspects responsible for the writerʼs growing internalization of the skepticism toward rural literature.

Keywords: Romanian rural prose, Marin Preda, postwar literature, Existentialism, intellectual prose.

Citation suggestion: Goldiș, Alex. “The Pressure of De-Ruralization in Marin Predaʼs Post-Thaw Novels.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 71-75. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.10.

Baghiu, Ștefan, and Costi Rogozanu. “The Death of a Communist Superstar: Marin Predaʼs Last Novel and the Rise of Black-Market Postmodernism.” In Beyond the Iron Curtain: Revisiting the Literary System of Communist Romania, edited by Ștefan Baghiu, Ovio Olaru, and Andrei Terian, 149-161. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2022.

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Goldiș, Alex. “The Ideology of Ruralism in the Thaw Prose: The Case of Marin Preda’s Moromeţii.” In Ruralism and Literature in Romania, edited by Ștefan Baghiu, Vlad Pojoga, and Maria Sass, 95-105. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2019.

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The Socialist Realist Structure of Marin Predaʼs Moromeții

Autor: Costi ROGOZANU
Email: rogozanu@gmail.com

The Socialist Realist Structure of Marin Predaʼs Moromeții

Abstract: Taking into account the two Romanian modernities that alternated, and clashed throughout the twentieth century – the capitalist, and the communist, respectively –, with their different public assessment, the paper analyzes realist patterns emerging in the post-1945 Romanian narrative. These patterns did not only concern new characters and topics, but also the shaping of a new, mass-scale, intensively cultured reader. To the same extent, the respective age saw the replacement of traditional bourgeois narrative voices with rural and proletarian viewpoints (in a marked shift from the simply rural or proletarian characters). I will explore this new ideology of the narrative voice, and its indebtment to the socialist realist paradigm, in Marin Predaʼs landmark novel Moromeții. The case analyzed proves how Romanian postwar fiction helped naturalize socialism, and how this very ideological backbone might strengthen the value of the novel in the long run.

Keywords: modernity, socialist realism, narrative voice, Marin Preda, rural/ proletarian characters.

Citation suggestion: Rogozanu, Costi. “The Socialist Realist Structure of Marin Predaʼs Moromeții.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 76-80. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.11.

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Baghiu, Ștefan, and Costi Rogozanu. “The Death of a Communist Superstar: Marin Predaʼs Last Novel and the Rise of Black-Market Postmodernism.” In Beyond the Iron Curtain. Revisiting the Literary System of Communist Romania, edited by Ștefan Baghiu, Ovio Olaru, and Andrei Terian, 149-160. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2021.

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The Anti-Ruralism of the Sibiu Literary Circle: I. Negoițescu and the “Pășunism” in Romanian Modernist Literature

Autor: Ionucu POP
Email: pop.ioan2@ubbcluj.ro

The Anti-Ruralism of the Sibiu Literary Circle: I. Negoițescu and the “Pășunism” in Romanian Modernist Literature

Abstract: The members of the Sibiu Literary Circle coined and disseminated the rather abusive term “pășunism” (from the Romanian word “pășune,” meaning pasture) in order to combat the confusion between ethnic, ethical and aesthetic. In the spirit of Eugen Lovinescu’s literary ideology, this was considered by the Literary Circle as an urgent mission in the context of Romanian literature in the 1940s. Originally intended to ironize (neo)“sămănătorist” or “fascist-sămănătorist” literature, the term “pășunism,” given the thematic aspect which it implies, gained a lax usage. Therefore, rural literature and folklore-inspired literature among others fit in the satirical term’s category. The aim of the following paper is to investigate the origins and manifestations of the anti-ruralist tendencies of the Sibiu Literary Circle in its earlier days, starting from, but not limited to the writings of I. Negoițescu.

Keywords: Sibiu Literary Circle, Ion Negoițescu, anti-ruralism, Romanian literary history, “pășunism”

Citation suggestion: Pop, Ionucu. “The Anti-Ruralism of the Sibiu Literary Circle: I. Negoițescu and the “Pășunism” in Romanian Modernist Literature.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 81-89. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.11.

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Borza, Cosmin. “The National No Man’s Land. Imagining Rurality in the Romanian Literary Histories.” Dacoromania litteraria, no. 6 (2019): 170-180.

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Geographies of Capitalism in Romanian Postcommunist Literature and Film: Villages, Cities, Markets

Autor: Adriana STAN, Claudiu TURCUȘ
Email: adrstan@yahoo.ca

Geographies of Capitalism in Romanian Postcommunist Literature and Film: Villages, Cities, Markets

Abstract: This article analyses the ways in which the rural – understood in its double nature, of traditional mythological space, and of degraded periphery of the urban – was both instrumentalized by the cultural and political discourses within Romanian postcommunism, and revealed as a symptomatic field in which the harsh economic realities of the post-1989 implementation of neoliberal capitalism in Eastern Europe became evident. The first part of the article describes how misplaced public policies during 1980s’ communism favoured the underdevelopment of the rural. Later, the process of transition encouraged both external migration, which depopulated Romanian villages, and the internal migration of the urban middle-class to an economically more secure rural area. The second part of the article analyses – from a materialist viewpoint – corresponding topics developed in Romanian contemporary literature and films (authored by Adrian Șchiop, Lavinia Braniște, Bogdan Mirică, and Radu Muntean). These works envision the rural/periurban as an asymmetrical geography, where violence toward the vulnerable is enacted, where the loss of community values leaves black markets flourish, and the capitalist dismantling of social ties becomes striking.

Keywords: ruralism, peripheral geography, Romanian transition, anticommunism, postcommunist capitalism.

Citation suggestion: Stan, Adriana, and Turcuș, Claudiu. “Geographies of Capitalism in Romanian Postcommunist Literature and Film: Villages, Cities, Markets.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2022): 90-94. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.05.12.

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