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nr. 8 / 2022

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Transilvania featured 8.2022
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Revista: Transilvania
Anul Publicarii:2022
Print ISSN: 0255-0539

Științe socio-umane

Arte vizuale

Filozofie și studii sociale

Antropologie și etnologie

Sociologie

Științe politice & juridice

Istorie & Antropologie

Studii culturale

Literature, Jewishness, and Period Drama in Radu Jude’s Scarred Hearts

Autor: Andrei GORZO, Veronica LAZĂR
Email: andrei.gorzo@unatc.ro

Abstract: The article offers an in-depth discussion of Radu Jude’s 2016 film Scarred Hearts, adapted from Max Blecher’s autobiographical novel with the same title (1937), as well as other of his writings. The article is structured in four parts. The first references André Bazin’s celebrated essay on Robert Bresson’s Diary of a Country Priest, bringing it to bear on a discussion of the unorthodox relation between Jude’s film and its literary sources. The second section of the article discusses Jude’s decision to foreground the protagonist’s—and the  novelist’s—Jewish identity. Set far from home, in France, in an isolated sanatorium for tuberculosis, Blecher’s novel was unconcerned with public events such as the rise of the anti-Semitic far right all over Europe; they didn’t intrude—not even as background noise. Transposing the story to a Romanian sanatorium, Jude decided to have the young Jewish protagonist go through his experiences with terminal sickness and literature, with love and friendship, against an implied background of rising anti-Semitism, of increasingly widespread support for the local Iron Guard, as well as for Hitler. In its third section, the article discusses Radu Jude’s approach to period drama, analyzing his mix of period detail and anachronism. The fourth section discusses Jude’s intermedial game-playing and general artistic playfulness.

Keywords: Radu Jude, Scarred Hearts, Max Blecher, Jewish identity, intermediality, literary adaptation, anti-Semitism, period drama.

Citation suggestion: Gorzo, Andrei, and Veronica Lazăr. “Literature, Jewishness, and Period Drama in Radu Jude’s Scarred Hearts.” Transilvania, no. 8 (2022): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.08.01.

Bibliography:

Antohi, Sorin. “Romania and the Balkans.” Tr@nsit Online no. 21 (2001), https://www.iwm.at/transit-online/romania-and-the-balkans, last accessed on July 9, 2022.

Bazin, André. What Is Cinema?, vol. I, translated from the French by Hugh Gray. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1967.

Blecher, M. Scarred Hearts, translated from the Romanian by Henry Howard. London: Old Street Publishing, 2008), 18-9.

Blecher, Max. Occurrence in the Immediate Unreality, translated by Alistair Ian Blyth. Plymouth: University of Plymouth Press, 2009.

Călinescu, G. Istoria literaturii române de la origini pînă în prezent [The History of Romanian Literature from its Origins to Present Times], second revised edition. Bucharest: Minerva, 1988.

Ferencz-Flatz, Christian. “Trei șanse ratate. Despre Inimi cicatrizate al lui Radu Jude.” Vatra, no. 3 (2017), posted online on February 12, 2017, https://revistavatra.org/2017/02/12/christian-ferencz-flatz-trei-sanse-ratate-despre-inimi-cicatrizate-al-lui-radu-jude/, last accessed on July 3, 2022.

Gorzo, Andrei, and Veronica Lazăr. “‘…and Gypsies get many a beating…’: On the Significance of Radu Jude’s Aferim!.” Transilvania, no. 6-7 (2022): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.06-07.01.

Gorzo, Andrei. “In the Name of ‘The Ambiguity of the Real’: Romanian Cinematic Realism after the 2000s.” Film Criticism 41, no. 2 (2017): https://doi.org/10.3998/fc.13761232.0041.206, last accessed on October 11, 2022.

Iovănel, Mihai. Evreul improbabil. Mihail Sebastian: O monografie ideologică [The Improbable Jew: Mihail Sebastian, an Ideological Monograph]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 2012.

Iovănel, Mihai. Istoria literaturii române contemporane: 1990-2020 [The History of Contemporary Romanian Literature: 1990-2020]. Iași: Polirom, 2021.

Lazăr, Veronica, and Andrei Gorzo, “An Updated Political Modernism: Radu Jude’s ‘I Do Not Care If We Go Down in History as Barbarians’.” Close Up 3, no. 1-2 (2019): 17-18.

Lazăr, Veronica, and Andrei Gorzo. “Aferim! Ceva nou în cinemaul românesc” [Aferim! Something New in the Romanian Cinema]. In Politicile filmului. Contribuții la interpretarea cinemaului românesc contemporan [The Politics of Film: Contributions to the Interpretation of Contemporary Romanian Cinema], edited by Andrei Gorzo and Andrei State, 301-311. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2014.

Mironescu, Doris. “Inimi cicatrizate de Radu Jude și problema biografiei.” Cultura, January 2, 2017, https://blog.revistacultura.ro/2017/01/02/inimi-cicatrizate-de-radu-jude-si-problema-biografiei-o-analiza-de-doris-mironescu/, last accessed on July 3, 2022.

Pethő, Ágnes. Caught In-Between: Intermediality in Contemporary Eastern European and Russian Cinema. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021.

Pop, Doru. “The Essay as Mode of Expression and the Essayistic Practices in Radu Jude’s Cinema.” Ekphrasis, no. 2 (2021): 174-192.

Rosenbaum, Jonathan. “Dangerous Sex and Scattered Focus, Fifty Years Apart: WR: Mysteries of the Organism and Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn,” June 11, 2021, https://jonathanrosenbaum.net/2022/06/dangerous-sex-and-scattered-focusfifty-years-apart-wr-mysteries-of-the-organism-and-bad-luck-banging-or-loony-porn/, last accessed on July 16, 2022.

Rosenbaum, Jonathan. “My Lists for Indiewire, 2016.” December 20, 2016, https://jonathanrosenbaum.net/2016/12/my-lists-for-indiewire-2016/, last accessed on July 16, 2022.

Rus, Andrei. “Farsele macabre ale lui Radu Jude” [The Macabre Farces of Radu Jude]. In Politicile filmului. Contribuții la interpretarea cinemaului românesc contemporan [The Politics of Film: Contributions to the Interpretation of Contemporary Romanian Cinema], edited by Andrei Gorzo and Andrei State, 119-127. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2014.

Terian, Andrei. G. Călinescu. A cincea esență [G. Călinescu: The Fifth Essence]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 2009.

Jurnalismul constructiv și de soluții – avantaje, critici și dileme. Experiența românească: DoR

Autor: Minodora SĂLCUDEAN
Email: minodora.salcudean@ulbsibiu.ro

Constructive & Solutions Journalism – Pros, Criticisms and Dilemmas. The Romanian experience: DoR 

Abstract: The relationships between journalism and sustainability are seen as interdependent and mutually beneficial. On the one hand, sustainable development also includes a free, autonomous and strong press that can support itself economically, and on the other hand, responsible journalism brings the problems of the current world to the public and it can also involve experts to talk about the solutions possible to these issues, which generates a media discourse about sustainability and resilience now and in the future. The present paper examines the conceptualization of constructive journalism, interrogating, at the same time, its normative and societal role, as well as the resistance of this alternative direction, in the current context, marked by political instability and post-pandemic economic crisis. In Romania, the DoR experience, its course, but also the announced end of this journalistic project, shows the difficulties that constructive journalism encounters. 

Keywords: sustainable journalism, constructive journalism, solutions journalism, mainstream, alternative, media, sustainability, sustainable development, SDGs.

Bibliography:

Aikulola, Sunday. “UN, Group train journalists on SDGs.” The Guardian/Media, April 5, 2022, https://guardian.ng/features/un-group-train-journalists-on-sdgs/.

Aitamurto, Tanja, and Anita Varma. “The Constructive Role of Journalism.” Journalism Practice 12, no. 6, (2018): 695-713. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2018.1473041.

van Antwerpen, Natasha R., Rachel A. Searston, Deborah Turnbull, Liesbeth Hermans, and Petra Kovacevic. “The Effects of Constructive Journalism Techniques on Mood, Comprehension, and Trust.” Journalism (2022): 1–24.  https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849221105778.

van Antwerpen, Natasha Renee. Exploring the Use of Constructive Journalism to Combat Misinformation in the Mainstream Media, Phd. diss, University of Adelaide, 2022.

Bro, Peter. “Normative Navigation in the News Media.” Journalism 9, no. 3, (2008): 309–329. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884907089010.

Bro, Peter. “Constructive journalism: Proponents, precedents, and principles.” Journalism 20, no. 4, (2019): 504–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918770523.

Bruns, Axel. “Towards Produsage: Futures for User-Led Content Production.” In Cultural Attitudes towards Communication and Technology, edited by Fay Sudweeks, Herbert Hrachovec, and Charles Ess, 275-284. Tartu, Estonia, 2006.

Marion MacGregor. “Telling the Whole Story: The Constructive Journalism Challenge.” Deutche Welle, Dec. 15, 2020. https://www.dw.com/en/telling-the-whole-story-the-constructive-journalism-challenge/a 55938994.

From, Unni, and Nete Nørgaard Kristensen. “Rethinking Constructive Journalism by Means of Service Journalism.” Journalism Practice 12, no. 6, (2018): 714-729. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2018.1470475.

Gyldensted, Cathrine. From Mirrors to Movers: Five Elements of Constructive Journalism. Philadelphia: GGroup Publishing, 2015.

Haagerup, Ulrik. Constructive News: How to Save the Media and Democracy with Journalism of Tomorrow, 2nd edition. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2017.

Kramp, Leif. “The Rumbling Years. The Communicative Figurations Approach as a Heuristic Concept to Study – and Shape – the Transformation of Journalism.” In Journalism, Representation and the Public Sphere, edited by Leif Kramp, Nico Carpentier, Andreas Hepp, Ilija Tomanić Trivundža, and Hannu Nieminen, 23-57. Bremen: Edition Lumière, 2015.

Krüger, Uwe. “Constructive News: A New Journalistic Genre Emerging in a Time of Multiple Crises.” In The Future Information Society: Social and Technological Problems, edited by Wolfgang Hofkirchner and Mark Burgin, 403–422. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., 2017.

Lupșa, Cristian. “Viitorul DoR: de azi în variantă restrânsă și cu un 2023 incert” [“The future of DoR: from today in a limited version and with an uncertain 2023”]. Decât o Revistă, June 30, 2022. https://www.dor.ro/viitorul-dor/.

MacGregor, Marion. “Constructive Journalism: Why and How Journalists Want to Change the Rules.” Deutche Welle, Dec. 10, 2020. https://corporate.dw.com/en/constructive-journalism-why-and-how-journalists-want-to-change-the-rules/a-55885594.

Mast, Jelle, Roel Coesemans, and Martina Temmerman. “Constructive Journalism: Concepts, Practices, and Discourses.” Journalism 20, no. 4 (2019): 492–503. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918770885.

McIntyre, Karen, and Cathrine Gyldensted. “Constructive Journalism: Applying PositivePsychology Techniques to News Production.” The Journal of Media Innovations 4, no. 2 (2017): 20-34.

McNaughton-Cassill, Mary E. “The News Media and Psychological Distress.” Anxiety, Stress & Coping 14, no. 2 (2001): 193-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800108248354.

Muresan, Raluca. “Despre o reaşezare a jurnalismului în spaţiul moralităţii: noi provocări ale eticii mass-media” [About a Resettlement of Journalism in the Space of Morality: New Challenges of Media Ethics]. Saeculum 44, no. 2 (2017): 210-215.

Nistor, Viorel. “Media and Survival: From Investigative Journalism to Constructive Journalism and Solutions.” In The Dialogue of Multicultural Discourses, edited by Iulian Boldea and Cornel Sigmirean, 100-107. Târgu Mureș: Arhipeleag XXI Press, 2020.

Rosen, Jay. “Making Things More Public: On the Political Responsibility of the Media Intellectual.” Critical studies in mass communication 11, no. 4 (1994): 363–388.

Rosen, Jay. What are journalists for?. Binghamton and New York: Yale University Press, 1999.

Report on SDGs Journalism Reporting Best Practices in EU-HEIs, https://www.journalism-reporting.eu/images/DELIVERABLE_12.pdf.

Rotmeijer, Sanne. “Words that Work? Practices of Constructive Journalism in a Local Caribbean Context.” Journalism 20, no. 4 (2019): 600-616. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918770555.

Rosling, Hans. Factfulness. Ten Reasons We’re Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think. New York: Flatiron Books, 2018.

Sălcudean, Minodora. New media, social media și jurnalismul actual [New Media, Social Media, and Current Journalism]. Bucharest: Tritonic, 2015.

Tallert, Lars. “From Traditional Journalism to Sustainable Journalism.” Global Investigative Journalism Network, May 13, 2021. https://gijn.org/2021/05/13/from-traditional-journalism-to-sustainable-journalism/.

 

Biblioteconomie

Științele limbii

Zur Konzeptualisierung extremer Geisteszustände In der deutschen und rumänischen Phraseologie

Autor: Doris SAVA
Email: doris.sava@ulbsibiu.ro

Abstract: The orientation of phraseological nomination towards the human allows the reflection of everyday collective observations, experiences and evaluations of a certain (norm-deviating) behaviour or action. The paper explores the role of the linguistic image in the metaphorisation of the concept ‘Wahnsinn’/‘Verrücktheit’ in German and Romanian, in order to ask about the productive initial domains for the conceptualisation of this term, since conceptual spheres allow conclusions to be drawn about the models of thought and values anchored in the language. The interlingual analysis of this particular excerpt from the German and Romanian lexicon of phrases makes it clear that one cannot speak of serious differences in the phraseological realisation or of differing valuations and that universal and productive metaphorical patterns can be discerned in the conceptualisation of ‘Wahnsinn’/‘Verrücktheit’ in German and in Romanian.

Keywords: phraseologisms, German, Romanian, cognitive metaphor theory, metaphorisation of the concept ‘madness’.

Bibliography

Baldauf, Christa. Metapher und Kognition. Grundlagen einer neuen Theorie der Alltagsmetapher. Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang, 1997.

Burger, Harald. “Phraseologie – Kräuter und Rüben? Traditionen und Perspektiven der Forschung.” In Wortverbindungen – mehr oder weniger fest, edited by Kathrin Steyer, 19-40. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2004.

Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij. “Idiome aus kognitiver Sicht.” In Wortverbindungen – mehr oder weniger fest, edited by Kathrin Steyer, 117-143. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2004.

Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij. “Kulturelle Spezifik in der Phraseologie: allgemeine Probleme und kontrastive Aspekte.” In Phraseologie und Übersetzen. Phrasemata II, edited by Annette Sabban, 41-58. Bielefeld: Aisthesis, 1999.

Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij. Idiome im mentalen Lexikon: Ziele und Methoden der kognitivbasierten Phraseologieforschung. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, 1997.

Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij. “Phraseologie und sprachliches Weltbild (Vorarbeiten zum Thesaurus der deutschen Idiomatik).” In Deutsche Phraseologie in Sprachsystem und Sprachverwendung, edited by Csaba Földes, 171-195. Wien: Praesens, 1992.

Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij. Phraseologie als Objekt der Universalienlinguistik. Leipzig: Enyzklopädie, 1988.

DUDEN-RW – Redewendungen. Wörterbuch der deutschen Idiomatik, vol. 11. Mannheim, Leipzig, Wien, Zürich: Dudenverlag, 2013.

Jäkel, Olaf. Metaphern in abstrakten Diskurs-Domänen: eine kognitiv-linguistische Untersuchung anhand der Bereiche Geistestätigkeit, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft. Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang, 1997.

Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Leben in Metaphern. Konstruktion und Gebrauch von Sprachbildern. Heidelberg: Carl-Auer, 2008.

Sava, Doris. Traditionen und Perspektiven phraseologischer Forschung. Sibiu: Tehno Media, 2009.

Schmitt, Rudolf. “Von lichten Momenten, langen Leitungen, lockeren Schrauben.” In Metaphern in Psychotherapie und Beratung. Eine metaphernreflexive Perspektive, edited by Rudolf Schmitt, and Thomas Heidenreich, 13-30. Weinheim: Beltz, 2019.

Schwarz, Monika. Einführung in die Kognitive Linguistik. Tübingen: Francke, 1992.

Zäske, Harald, Anja Esther Baumann, and Wolfgang Gaebel. “Grundlagen: Die empirische Evidenz. Das Bild des psychisch Kranken und der psychiatrischen Behandlung in der Bevölkerung.” In Stigma – Diskriminierung – Bewältigung. Der Umgang mit sozialer Ausgrenzung psychisch Kranker, edited by Wolfgang Gaebel, Hans J. Möller, and Wulff Rössler, 56-83. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2005.

Ziegler, Annette. Von geheimen Schlachten, galoppierenden Gedanken, inneren Zerreißproben, kostbaren Schätzen und grenzenlosen Weiten: Metaphern im Schizophrenie-Diskurs Betroffener und Angehöriger. Universität Wien 2004 [aktualisierte Fassung 2008]; http://psydok.psycharchives.de/jspui/bitstream/20.500.11780/3608/1/Gesamtdatei_Diplomarbeit.pdf.

 

Online dictionaries:

DWDS – Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache; https://www.dwds.de.

DEX – Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române; https://dexonline.ro/definitie/nebunie.

Științele economice

Antropologie. Studii filozofice

Teologie

Studii literare

Eminescu-thermosof sau cum intră știința în poezie (I)

Autor: Teodora DUMITRU
Email: eodoralilianadumitru@gmail.com

Eminescu-Thermosopher or How Science Enters Poetry

Abstract: In this essay I show that the picture of universal extinction in the poem Satire I of the Romantic poet Mihai Eminescu (1850-1889) is deeply and rigorously inspired by a theory of thermodynamics of the 1870s, more precisely by the theory of universal “death” launched in the second part of 19th century by physicists William Thomson and Rudolf Clausius. My interpretation addresses competing interpretations, from literary-centric scenarios claiming that Eminescu’s representation of the extinction is inspired by or approaches models of the mythological-Christian tradition or universal literature, to scenarios that also launch hypotheses in the field of science, but other than thermodynamics. I am also interested in producing here, in the alternative, a critique of the thesis – widespread not only in popular culture but also in the most serious academic circles – according to which many of the discoveries of modern and even contemporary science would have been “announced,” “contained,” or “coded” in literary fiction, mythology, religious narratives etc., from ancient times (Indian, Judeo-Christian mythology etc.) to modern authors.

Keywords: classical mechanics, cosmology, thermodynamics, entropy, poetry, Immanuel Kant, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), Rudolf Clausius, Spiru Haret, Mihai Eminescu, Scrisoarea I, G. Călinescu.

Bibliography:

Avramescu, Aurel. “Viziune eminesciană și ipoteze științifice în cosmogonie” [Eminescu’s Perspective and Scientific Hypothesis in Cosmogony]. Ramuri, no. 1 (1964); in M. Eminescu, Fragmentarium, edited by Magdalena D. Vatamaniuc. Bucharest: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, 1981.

Braun, Simon, J. Philipp Ronzheimer, Michael Schreiber, Sean S. Hodgman, Tim Rom, Immanuel Bloch, and Ulrich Schneider. “Negative Absolute Temperature for Motional Degrees of Freedom.” Science 339, no. 6115 (2013): 52-55  https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1227831.

Byron, George Gordon. The Prisoner of Chillon and Other Poems. London: Printed for John Murray, 1816.

Călinescu, G. Istoria literaturii române de la origini până în prezent [The History of Romanian Literature from its Origins to the Present]. Bucharest: Fundația Regală pentru Literatură și Artă, 1941.

Călinescu, G. Opera lui Mihai Eminescu [The Work of Mihai Eminescu] [second edition, 1947; 1969-1970]. In G. Călinescu, Opere. II. Opera lui Mihai Eminescu (2) [Works. II. The Work of Mihai Eminescu (2)], critical edition by Nicolae Mecu, Ileana Mihăilă, and Daciana Vlădoiu, introduction by Eugen Simion. Bucharest: Academia Română, Fundația Națională pentru Știință și Artă, Muzeul Național al Literaturii Române, 2016.

Clausius, Rudolf. “On the Second Fundamental Theorem of the Mechanical Theory of Heat: A Lecture delivered before the Forty-first Meeting of German Scientific Association, at Frankfort on the Maine, September 23, 1867.” The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Fourth Series, June (1868).

Costin, Miron. Viața lumii [The Life of the World] [1671-1673], wikisource.ro.

Dumitru, Teodora. “«Geniul» la Eminescu și «geniul» lui Eminescu. Problemă cosmologică și afacere național(ist)ă (I)” [The «Genius» in Eminescu’s Work and Eminescu as a «Genius». A Cosmological Story and a National(ist) Business (I)]. Transilvania, no. 5 (2022).

Dumitru, Teodora. “«Geniul» la Eminescu și «geniul» lui Eminescu. Problemă cosmologică și afacere național(ist)ă (II)” [The «Genius» in Eminescu’s Work and Eminescu as a «Genius». A Cosmological Story and a National(ist) Business (II)]. Transilvania, no. 6-7 (2022).

Dumitru, Teodora. “Geniul ca fenomen în ordinea naturii vs. geniul ca miracol” [Genius as a Phenomenon in the Order of Nature vs. Genius as a miracle”]. Transilvania, no. 3 (2022).

Eminescu, Mihai. Mortua est! [1871]. In Mihai Eminescu. Opere. I. Poezii (1866-1877) [Works. I. Poems (1866-1877)], critical edition by D. Murărașu, foreword by Eugen Simion. Bucharest: Academia Română, Fundația Națională pentru Știință și Artă, Muzeul Național al Literaturii Române, 2017.

Eminescu, Mihai. Opere. I. Poezii. Cronologii și simbioze poetice (1866-1876) [Works. I. Poems. Poetic Chronologies and Symbioses], chronological edition by Valentin Coșereanu, preface by Eugen Simion. Bucharest: Academia Română, Fundația Națională pentru Știință și Artă, 2019.

Eminescu, Mihai. Opere. VII. Traduceri. Transcrieri. Note de curs. Note de lectură. Excerpte [Works. VII. Translations. Transcripts. Course Notes. Reading Notes. Excerpts], edited by D. Vatamaniuc, preface by Eugen Simion. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, Univers Enciclopedic, 2003.

Eminescu, Mihai. Scrisoarea I [The First Satire] [1881]; în reprodus în Mihai Eminescu. Opere. II. Poezii (1878-1883) [Works. II. Poems (1878-1883)], critical edition by D. Murărașu. Bucharest: Academia Română, Fundația Națională pentru Știință și Artă, 2017.

Gold, Barri J. Thermopoetics: Energy in Victorian Literature and Science. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press, 2010.

Grama, Alexandru. Mihail Eminescu. Studiu critic [Mihail Eminescu. Critical Study] [1891], edited by Ioan Chindriș and Niculina Iacob. Cluj-Napoca: Napoca Star, 2014.

Haret, Spiru. Sur lʼinvariabilité des grands axes des orbites planétaires [On the Invariability of the Major Axes of Planetary Orbits]. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1878.

Kragh, Helge. “The Source of Solar Energy, ca. 1840-1910: From Meteoric Hypothesis to Radioactive Speculations.” The European Physical Journal H 41 (2016): 365-394.

Laskar, J. “A Numerical Experiment on the Chaotic Behaviour of the Solar System.” Nature, no. 338/6212 (1989): 237-238.

Laskar, Jacques, Philippe Robutel, Frédéric Joutel, Mickael Gastineau, A.C.M. Correia, et al. “A Long Term Numerical Solution for the Insolation Quantities of the Earth.” Archive ouverte HAL (2004), https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00001603.

Lovinescu, E. Poezia nouă [The New Poetry] [1923]. In E. Lovinescu. Opere [Works], vol. IX, edited by Maria Simionescu and Alexandru George, notes by Alexandru George. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1992.

Mulder, Caroline de. Leconte de Lisle : entre utopie et république [Leconte de Lisle: Between Utopy and Republic]. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2005.

Operele lui Spiru Haret, vol. X [Works of Spiru Haret], edited by Constantin Schifirneț, second edition. Bucharest: Editura Comunicare.ro, 2010.

Petrescu, Ioana Em. Configurații [Frameworks] [1981], second edition. Cluj-Napoca: Societatea Culturală Lucian Blaga, 2002.

Pope, Alexander. Essay on Man [1734], translated by Costache Conachi (Cercare de voroavă asupra omului, cap. I), in I.M. Rașcu. Alte opere din literatura română [Other Works from Romanian Literature]. Bucharest: Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului, Imprimeria Centrală, 1938.

Popescu, Cristian Tudor. “Un om care a gândit” [A Man Who Thought]. In Cristian Tudor Popescu, Copiii fiarei [The Children of the Beast], second edition. Iași: Editura Polirom, 1998.

Presură, Cristian. “Cine a descoperit teoria relativității, Einstein sau Eminescu?” [Who Discovered the Theory of Relativity: Eminescu or Einstein?]. Hotnews, January 15, 2020, https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-23601164-cine-descoperit-teoria-relativitatii-einstein-sau-eminescu.htm.

Rădulescu, Ion Heliade. Anatolida sau Omul și forțele [Anatolida, or Man and Forces] [1870]. In Ion Heliade Rădulescu, Opere. I. Versuri. Proză. Scrieri istorice și memorialistice [Works. I. Poetry. Prose. Historical Writings and Memoirs], edited by Mircea Anghelescu. Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2002.

Săhleanu, Victor. Arta rece și știința fierbinte [Cool Art, Hot Science]. Bucharest: Editura Cartea Românească, 1972.

Tennyson, Alfred. In Memoriam A.H.H. [1849], in Alfred Tennyson. In Memoriam. London: Edward Moxon, 1850.

Thomson, William [Lord Kelvin]. “On the Age of the Sunʼs Heat” [1862].

Thomson, William, and Peter Guthrie Tait. Treatise on Natural Philosophy, vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1867.

Wolf, C. Les Hypothèses cosmogoniques: examen des théories scientifiques modernes sur lʼorigine des mondes, suivi de la traduction de la „Théorie du ciel” de Kant [The Cosmogonic Hypotheses: Examination of Modern Scientific Theories on the Origin of the Worlds, followed by the translation of Kantʼs Theory of the Heavens]. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1886.

Întoarcere la bătălia pentru roman. Teorii despre roman în spațiul cultural românesc interbelic

Autor: Ioan FĂRMUȘ
Email: farmusioan@yahoo.com

The Return to the Battle for the Novel: Novel Theories in Interwar Romanian Cultural Space

Abstract: Even though we might live with the impression that the debates about the (Romanian) novel belong exclusively to the interwar period, in reality they started earlier, somewhere around the second half of the 19th c. Novel theoreticians such as: Radu Ionescu, that, in the preface of the novel Donjuanii din București, inaugurates this type of debates, Titu Maiorescu, the promoter of the „people novel”, or Nicolae Iorga, the critic that started the so-called „battle for the novel”, show us that there was an interest towards this genre in the Romanian cultural space also, a genre that at that moment claimed a hegemonic position. Yet, the First World War will put an abrupt end to these debates related to the Romanian novel, debates that would be reiterated in the interwar period, in another cultural context, of course at another level. Thus, the second part of the article is an attempt to recuperate the atmosphere towards the literary phenomenon after the First world War by focusing on the critical attitudes of the most important cultural voices of the new era, attitudes that vary from hope – generated by the belief that the first major global conflagration regenerated the creative forces of Romanian writers – to doubt – through which, by resorting to a lamentativ tone, critics denounce the absence of real (i.e. artistic) novels from national cultural space.

Keywords: novel, literary import, novel theory, control of the imagination, modernization of the novel

Citation suggestion: Fărmuş, Ioan “Întoarcere la bătălia pentru roman. Teorii despre roman în spațiul cultural românesc interbelic.” Transilvania, no. 8 (2022): 33-41. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.08.04.

Bibliography:

Baghiu, Ștefan, Vlad Pojoga, Cosmin Borza, Andreea Coroian Goldiș, Daiana Gârdan, Emanuel Modoc, David Morariu, Teodora Susarenco, Radu Vancu, and Dragoș Varga. Muzeul Digital al Romanului Românesc: secolul al XIX-lea [The Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel: The 19th Century]. Sibiu: Complexul Național Muzeal ASTRA, 2019. Online: https://new.revistatransilvania.ro/mdrr.

Darie, Ion [Cezar Petrescu]. “Romanul românesc” [The Romanian Novel]. Gândirea, no. 6 (1923): 133-136.

Darie, Ion [Cezar Petrescu]. “Apologia romanului” [The Praise of the Novel]. Cuvântul, no. 180 (1925): 1-2.

Groza, Constantin. “Despre romanuri” [On Novels]. Familia, no. 14 (1882): 169-170.

Ibrăileanu, G. “Romanul social” [The Social Novel]. Însemnări literare, no. 6 (1919): 205-206.

Ionescu, Radu. “Preface to Donjuanii din București” [Preface to The Don Juans of Bucharest] Independența, no. 73-74 (1861): 215-216.

Iorga, Nicolae. “De ce n-avem roman?” [Why We Don’t Have Novels]. Lupta, no. 1090 (1890): 2-5.

Lima, Luiz Costa. “The Control of the Imagination and the Novel.” In The Novel, vol. I, edited by Franco Moretti, 37-68. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2006.

Lovinescu, E. “Cincuatenarul romanului românesc” [The Quintuplet of the Romanian Novel]. Flacăra, no. 9 (1913): 73-75.

Maiorescu, Titu. “Literatura română și străinătatea” [Romanian Literature and Foreign Countries]. Convorbiri literare, no. 10-11 (1882): 361, 401.

Pavel, Toma. Gândirea romanului [The Lives of the Novel]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2008.

Perpessicius. “Înflorirea romanului” [The Flourishing of the Novel]. Salonul literar, no. 4-5 (1925): 1-2.

Sasu, Aurel, and Mariana Vartic. Bătălia pentru roman [The Battle for the Novel]. Bucharest: ATOS, 2007.

Sasu, Aurel, and Mariana Vartic. Romanul romanesc în interviuri [The Romanian Novel in Interviews], vol. I-IV. Bucharest: Minerva, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1991.

Șuțu, Alexandru Gr. “Studiu asupra romanului realist în zilele noastre” [Study on the Realist Novel of Our Times]. Convorbiri literare, no. 6 (1884): 234-241.

Terian, Andrei, Daiana Gârdan, Cosmin Borza, David Morariu, and Dragoș Varga. “Genurile romanului românesc în secolul al XIX-lea. O analiză cantitativă” [The Genres of the 19th Century Romanian Novel. A Quantitative Analysis]. Transilvania, no. 10 (2019): 17-28.

Terian, Andrei, Daiana Gârdan, Emanuel Modoc, Cosmin Borza, Dragoș Varga, Ovio Olaru, and David Morariu. “Genurile romanului românesc (1901-1932). O analiză cantitativă” [“The Genres of the Romanian Novel (1901-1932). A Quantitative Analysis”]. Transilvania, no. 10 (2020): 53-64.

Figuri mitologice și călători în lumea de dincolo. Incursiune în universul credințelor și basmelor românești

Autor: Carmen OPRIȘOR
Email: carmensimona.oprisor@ulbsibiu.ro

Mythological Images and Travelers to the Afterlife. Foray Into the Universe of Romanian Beliefs and Fairy Tales 

Abstract: The present article is based on information from the fields of cultural anthropology and folk literature. In the beginning, details about the main characteristics of the people with special powers are given. Then the features of Rohmans from the Romanian beliefs have been synthesized. Their image combines concrete data from the novel Alexandria with elements from the autochtonous cult of the ancestors. The way Romanians perceive Solomonians gathers components from several layers: mythical, religious and historical. The fairy tale characters who traveled to the other world are either helped by other beings with miraculous powers, or return to their world because they cannot overcome their mortal condition.

Key-words: ancient traditions, Rohmans, Solomonians, magical powers, fairy tales.

Citation suggestion: Oprișor, Carmen. “Figuri mitologice și călători în lumea de dincolo. Incursiune în universal credințelor și basmelor românești” Transilvania, no. 8 (2022): 42-49. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.08.05.

Bibliography:

Eliade, Mircea. Mefistofel și androginul [Mephistofeles and the Androgyne]. Bucharest: Editura Humanitas, 1995.

Mauss, Marcel, and Henri Hubert. Teoria generală a magiei [The General Theory of Magic]. Iași: Polirom, 1996.

Oișteanu, Andrei. Mythos și Logos. Studii și eseuri de antropologie culturală [Mythos and Logos: Studies and Essays of Cultural Anthropology]. Bucharest: Nemira, 1998.

Oișteanu, Andrei. Motive și semnificații mito-simbolice în cultura tradițională românească [Mytho-Symbolic Motifs and Meanings in Traditional Romanian Culture]. Bucharest: Minerva, 1989.

Olteanu, Antoaneta. Mitologie română [Romanian Mythology], vol. III. Târgoviște: Editura Cetatea de Scaun, 2021.

Pamfile, Tudor. Mitologie românească. [Romanian Mythology], edited by Iordan Datcu. Bucharest: Editura „Grai și suflet – Cultura națională”, 2000.

Voronca-Niculiță, Elena. Datinele și credințele poporului român adunate și așezate în ordine mitologică [The Traditions and Beliefs of the Romanian People Collected and Placed in Mythological Order] Volumul I. Iași, Editura Polirom, 1998.

Rheintochters Donaufahrt – Carmen Sylva’s Travelogue: A Historical Period as Seen Through the Eyes of a Queen

Autor: Maria SASS
Email: maria.sass@ulbsibiu.ro

Abstract: Elisabeth of Vienna (1843-1916) (penname Carmen Sylva), was the queen of Romania between 1869 and 1916. She authored a comprehensive oeuvre with a clear pro-dynastic tendency that is highly relevant from the point of view of cultural history and collective memory. The present study is focused on the analysis of the travel journal Rheintochters Donaufahrt, which will be discussed with the help of a cultural studies methodology, namely Clifford Geertz’ concept of “dense description.” When read through this conceptual lens, the text appears multidimensional, the traveler/narrator does not merely observe geographical and historical landmarks but undertakes a cultural journey with multipronged implications. We do not encounter mere culturalist descriptions, but rather a network of symbols implying interculturality, imagology, and the staging of a multicultural world with which the contemporary globalized world is increasingly confronted.

Keywords: Carmen Sylva, Carol I, Kingdom of Romania, cultural studies, New Historicism, dense description, culture as text, imagology.

Citation suggestion: Sass, Maria. “Rheintochters Donaufahrt – Carmen Sylva’s Travelogue: A Historical Period as Seen Through the Eyes of a Queen.” Transilvania, no. 8 (2022): 50-58. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.08.06.

Bibliography

Anz, Thomas, ed. Handbuch der Literaturwissenschaft. Kulturwissneschaftliche Ansätze und Cultural Studies, vol. 2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2007.

Assmann, Aleida. Zeit und Tradition. Kulturelle Strategien der Dauer. Köln-Weimar-Wien: Böhlau, 1999.

Bachmann-Medick, Doris, ed. Kultur als Text. Die anthropologische Wende in der Literaturwissenschaft. Kultur & Medien. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1998.

Boia, Lucian. Istorie şi mit în conştiinṭa românească. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2017.

Boia, Lucian. De la Dacia antică la Marea Unire. De la Marea Unire, la România de azi. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2018.

Butzer, Günter, and Joachim Jacob, eds. Metzler Lexikon literarischer Symbole. Suttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2012.

Djuvara, Neagu. O scurtă istorie a românilor. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2002.

Geertz, Clifford. The cultural geography reader. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2008.

Lee, Sinae.  Wolfgang Koeppens Reiseessays im Spannungsfeld zwischen Fiktionalität und Faktizität Studien zur hybriden Textsorte als Möglichkeit einer ästhetischen Wirklichkeitserfassung.   Public Ph.D. defense in philosophy at the Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 2008. https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8755/1/Lee_Sinae.pdf (Last accessed 19.02.2019).

Nünning, Ansgar, ed. Metzler Lexikon. Literatur- und Kulturtheorie. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1998.

Tudose, Ion. Identitatea axiologică a românilor. Bucureşti. Bucharest: Ed. Fundaṭiei “România de Mâine,” 1991.

Voaideș, Emilian. Pagini de istorie: Începuturile regalității pe teritoriul românesc – domnia lui Carol I. Online: https://gen90.net/pagini-de-istorie-inceputurile-regalitatii-pe-teritoriul-romanesc-domnia-a-lui-carol-i/ (Last Accessed 13.02.2019).

Zimmermann, Silvia Irina, and Edda Binder-Iijima, eds. “Ich werde noch vieles anbahnen.” Carmen Sylva, die Schriftstellerin und erste Königin von Rumänien im Kontext ihrer Zeit. Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2015.

Zimmermann, Silvia Irina, and Bernd Willscheid, eds. Heimweh ist Jugendweh. Kindheits- und Jugenderinnerungen der Elisabeth zu Wied (Carmen Sylva). Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2016.

Zimmermann, Silvia Irina, ed., “In zärtlicher Liebe Deine Elisabeth” – “Stets Dein treuer Karl.” Der Briefwechsel Elisabeths zu Wied (Carmen Sylva) mit ihrem Gemahl Carol I. von Rumänien. Teil 1: 1869-1890. Anfangsjahre in Rumänien. Der Unabhängigkeitskrieg. Königreich Rumänien. Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2018.

Zimmermann, Silvia Irina, ed.“In zärtlicher Liebe Deine Elisabeth” – “Stets Dein treuer Karl.” Der Briefwechsel Elisabeths zu Wied (Carmen Sylva) mit ihrem Gemahl Carol I. von Rumänien. Teil 2: 1891-1813. Exil der Königin. Rückkehr auf den rumänischen Thron. Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2018.

Zimmermann, Silvia Irina, ed. Aus Carmen Sylvas Königreich. Märchen einer Königin. Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2013.

Zimmermann, Silvia Irina, ed. Aus Carmen Sylvas Königreich. Rumänische Märchen und Geschichte. Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2013.

Zimmermann, Silvia Irina, ed. Poveştile Peleşului. Bucharest: Corint, 2016.

Zimmermann, Silvia Irina. Unterschiedliche Wege, dasselbe Ideal. Das Königsbild im Werk Carmen Sylvas und in Fotografien des Fürstlich Wiedischen Archivs. Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2014.

Zimmermann, Silvia Irina. Die dichtende Königin. Elisabeth, Prinzessin zu Wied, Carmen Sylva (1843-1916). Selbstmythisierung und prodynastische Öffentlichkeitsarbeit durch die Literatur. Stuttgart: Ibidem, 2010.

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Istorie si studii culturale

Istorie

Italia și negocierile României pentru intrarea în Primul Război Mondial (1914-1915)

Autor: Victor Daniel CREȚU, Radu RACOVIȚAN
Email: victor.cretu@ulbsibiu.ro

Italy and Romania’s Negotiations on Entering World War I (1914-1915)

 

Abstract: Although the relations between the Great Powers expressed the fundamental trends of the evolution of the international situation in the period preceding the First World War, it is still necessary to specify that a significant role in the international life was acquired by some small and medium-sized states which, by their geographical and political position and through the economic and military potential, they could significantly influence the evolution of international political life. In this context, the importance of Romania’s role in international relations can be seen, given the fact that the Great Powers’ interest in the Romanian state had grown considerably. As the crisis of July 1914 worsened, the question of Romania’s attitude towards the Austro-Serbian conflict became of paramount importance in the future strategy of the Central Powers, because all the plans for attack and defense formations of the Triple Alliance were arranged in cooperation with the Romanian army. Since the beginning of the World War, between Romania and Italy there has been an approach desired by politicians from both states. However, the subsequent evolution of events and the separation of Italy from Romania during the negotiations with the Entente had the effect of weakening the supply of forces that a synchronous Italian-Romanian contribution would have brought it. Obviously, the effect would have been different if the two countries entered at once, both in terms of the military blow given to the Central Powers, and also on the attitude of the neutral countries in the Balkans, Bulgaria and Greece.

Keywords: First World War, Romania, Triple Alliance, Italy, Entente.

Citation suggestion: Crețu, Victor Daniel, and Radu Racovițan. “Italia și negocierile României pentru intrarea în Primul Război Mondial (1914-1915).” Transilvania, no. 8 (2022): 67-73. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.08.08.

Bibliography:

“Corespondență din Italia” [Mail from Italy], Românul III, no. 253, November 24-December 7, 1913.

“Rolul României în Balcani” [Romania’s Role in the Balkans], Viitorul VI, no. 2202, April 1, 1914.

Dinu, Rudolf, and Ion Bulei. 35 de ani de relații italo-române, 1879-1914. Documente diplomatice italiene [35 Years of Italian-Romanian Relations, 1879-1914: Italian Diplomatic Documents]. Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2001.

Căzan, Gh. N., and Șerban Rădulescu-Zoner. România și Tripla Alianță [Romania and the Triple Alliance]. Bucharest: Științifică și Enciclopedică, 1979.

Cliveti, Gheorghe. România și crizele internaționale. 1853-1913 [Romania and International Crises. 1853-1913]. Iași: Editura Fundației „Axis”, 1997.

Platon, Gh., V. Russu, Gh. Iacob, V. Cristian, and I. Agrigoroaiei. Cum s-a înfăptuit România modernă [How Modern Romania Was Made]. Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, 1993.

Croce, Benedetto, Storia d’Italia dal 1871 al 1915. Bari: Editura Laterza & Figli, 1934.

Cusin, Alexandru, Împrejurări politice și diplomatice în legătură cu războiul european [Political and Diplomatic Circumstances in Connection with the European War]. Bucharest: Tipografia „Lupta”, 1915.

Dobrinescu, Valeriu Florin, Ion Pătroiu, and Gheorghe Nicolescu. Relații politico-diplomatice și militare româno-italiene (1914-1947) [Romanian-Italian Political, Diplomatic and Military Relations (1914-1947)]. Craiova: Editura Intact, 1999.

Documents diplomatiques secrets russes 1914-1917. Paris: Payot, 1928.

Iordache, Anastasie. Reorientarea politică a României și neutralitatea armată. 1914-1918 [Romania’s Political Reorientation and Armed Neutrality: 1914-1918]. Bucharest: Paideia, 1998.

Volpe, Gioacchimo. L’Italia nella Triplice Alleanza 1882-1915. Milano: V. Mursia, 1941.

Rudeanu, Vasile. Memorii din timp de pace și război [Memories from Times of Peace and War], edited by Dumitru Preda and Vasile Alexandrescu. Bucharest: Editura Militară, 1989.

 

Archives:

Arhivele Ministerului Afacerilor Externe: [Archives of theMinistry of Foreign Affairs]

Fond 71/1914 [Fund 71/1914]

Fond Primul Război Mondial [First World War Fund]

Arhivele Naționale Istorice Centrale: [Central National HistoricalArchives]

Fond Casa Regală [Royal House Fund]

Fond Microfilme Franța [France Microfilm Fund]

Fond Xerografii, Viena [Xerography Fund, Vienna]

Biblioteca Națională a României: [National Library of Romania]

Fond Brătianu [Brătianu Fund]

Fond St. Georges [St. Georges Fund]

Transportul public sibian. De la origini până la declanșarea celui de al Doilea Război Mondial

Autor: Adrian ISTRATE-PAUL, George-Cătălin BUTOERU, Iulia Maria AXENTEA, Răzvan C. POP
Email: adrian.istrate@ulbsibiu.ro

The Public Transport Of Sibiu: From its Origins to the Beginning of the Second World War

 
Portbet
Abstract: Despite the political and economic decline that Sibiu has suffered into the second half of the Nineteenth Century, the city was fortunate to have ambitious, visionary and professional people as was the case of Carl Wolff. His ambition to electrify the city of Sibiu and its surroundings and to lay the foundations of an electric public transport system, eventually led to the construction of the Sadu I Hydroelectric Power Plant, which was put into operation in 1896, and to the development of an electrical network, which was developed and expanded in the following years.In the short term but also in the medium and long term, the electrification of the city of Sibiu and the development of the public transport network, brought considerable benefits to the city, allowing its transformation in a modern and developed city and increasing the mobility of the city, throughout the Twentieth Century and now in the Twentyfirst Century.

Keywords: Sibiu, Transylvania, Electricity, Public Transport, Carl Wolff

Bibliography:

Ittu, Gudrun-Liane, Constantin Ittu, and Liliana Oprescu. Mijloace tradiționale de comunicație și transport – de la prezervarea patrimoniului la promovarea acestuia: digitalizarea între necesitate și provocare [Traditional Means of Communication and Transport – From Heritage Preservation to Promotion: Digitization Between Need and Challenge]. Sibiu: Universitatea Lucian Blaga, 2016.

Siebenbürgisch-Deutsches Tageblatt, no. 9308, August 4,1904.

Sigerius, Emil. Cronica Orașului Sibiu, 1100-1929 [Sibiu City Chronicle, 1100-1929]. Sibiu: Honterus, 2006.

Stancu, Marcel. Omnibuz, Tramvai, Troleibuz, transportul public electric in Sibiu si Romania [Omnibus, Tram, Trolleybus, Electric Public Transport in Sibiu and Romania]. Sibiu: Honterus 2019.

Stancu, Marcel. Sibiul și electrificarea României. Cronică Ilustrată 1891-2014 [Sibiu and the electrification of Romania: Ilustrated Book 1891-2014]. Sibiu: Honterus, 2014.

Ungar, Alfred-Reimar, Nicolae Nistor, Friedrich Teutsch. Dr. Carl Wolff. In Convergențe transilvane [Transylvanian Convergences], vol. 11. Sibiu, 2002.

Wollmann, Volker. Patrimoniu preindustrial și industrial în România [Pre-industrial and Industrial Heritage in Romania], vol. IV. Sibiu: Honterus, 2014.

Agenții de degradare și formele de degradare a obiectelor ceramice

Autor: Simona Maria CURSARU-HERLEA
Email: simona.herlea@ulbsibiu.ro

Degradation Agents and Forms of Degradation of Ceramic Objects

Abstract: This article aims to present the effects of the agents of deterioration on ceramics. We focus here on the agents of deterioration that act on the ceramic artifacts in the epoch they were created, on the agents of deterioration that affect these objects in the environment they were preserved, sometimes during thousands of years (in soil, in water and in the internal and external undersurface), but also on the agents of deterioration and the degradation that can occur during or after these artifacts have been removed from the environment they were found in, e.g. during sampling, cleaning, drawing, packaging, or in museums, during storing, exhibiting, or when doing conservation or restoration work. Hence, we refer to archaeological ceramics found in soil or marine environments, decorative ceramics from architectural contexts and to ethnographic ceramics. Detecting the mistakes made in the technological process of ceramic production which lead to defects/ vices that can cause degradation of the ceramic material even after removing it from the environment in which it was preserved and highlighting the external deterioration agents which affect ceramics under various forms are mandatory in order to adopt a correct methodology for the preservation and restoration of ceramic objects.

Keywords: Ceramics, technological vices, agents of deterioration, physical forces, water, pollutants and contaminants, incorrect relative humidity.

Citation suggestion: Cursaru-Herlea, Simona Maria. “Agenții de degradare și formele de degradare a obiectelor ceramice.” Transilvania, no. 8 (2022): 82-88. https://doi.org/10.51391/trva.2022.10.

Bibliography:

Anghel, Dan. “Acţiunea viciilor tehnologice de prelucrare asupra degradării ceramicii arheologice.” BCȘS, no. 7 (2001): 259-262.

Buys, S., and Oakley, V. The Conservation and Restoration of Ceramics. London: Routledge, 1996.

Caprio, Ninina Cuomo di. Ceramica in Archeologia 2. Antiche tecniche di lavorazione e moderni metodi di indagine. Roma, 2007.

Cavari, Fernanda, “Conservazione e restauro della ceramic archeologica.” In Introduzione allo studio della ceramica in archeologia, 63-86. Siena, 2007.

Charters, S., R. P. Evershed, L. J. Goad, C. Heron, and P. Blinkhorn. “Identification of an Adhesive used to Repair a Roman Jar.” Archaeometry 35, no. 1, (1993): 91–101.

Cronyn, J. M. The Elements of Archaeological Conservation. London: Routledge, 2004.

Cursaru-Herlea, Simona Maria. “Elements of Technology and Degradation Causes Regarding Capidava’s Pottery (the 9th to the 11th Century).ˮ Brukenthal. Acta Musei 4, no. VII (2012): 711-718.

Eggert, Gerhard, and Andrea Fischer. “The Formation of Formates: A Review of Metal Formates on Heritage Objects.” Heritage Science 9, no. 26 (2021).

Fabbri, Bruno, and C. Ravanelli Guidotti. Il restauro della ceramica. Firenze: Nardini Editore, 2004.

Fabbri, Bruno. “La caratterizzazione dei materiali nel restauro di ceramica invetriata in contesto archittetonico.” El estudio y la conservación de la ceramica decorada en arquitectura – ICCROM Conservation Studies, Rome (2003): 15-21.

Fârtâiș, Dan. “Ceramica – factori de degradare” [Ceramics – Deterioration Factors]. Hierasus VI (1986): 259-261.

Giannichedda, Enrico, and Nicoletta Volante. “Metodologie di studio della ceramica. Materiali e tecniche di fabbricazione.” In Introduzione allo studio della ceramica in archeologia (2007): 3-32.

Klusch, Horst. “Considerații critice pe marginea necesității respectării tehnologiei tradiționale în producerea ceramicii populare” [Critical Considerations on the Margins of the Necessity of Respecting the Traditional Technology in Producing Folk Ceramics]. Ziarul Olarilor, no. 1, (2014):6-7.

Koob, Stephen. “Obsolete Fill Materials Found on Ceramics.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 37, no. 1 (1998): 49-67.

Logan, Judith A., and Tara Grant. Caring for ceramic and glass objects, Government of Canada, Canadian Conservation Institute, 2018, https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/preventive-conservation/guidelines-collections/ceramics-glass-preventive-conservation.html.

Marcon, Paul, Agent of Deterioration: Physical Forces, Government of Canada, Canadian Conservation Institute, 2018, https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/agents-deterioration/physical forces.html.

Michalski, Stefan, Agent of Deterioration: Incorrect Relative Humidity, Government of Canada, Canadian Conservation Institute, 2018, https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/agents-deterioration/humidity.html.

Noble, Joseph Veach. The Techniques of Painted Attic Pottery. New York: Watson-Guptill, 1965.

Olteanu, Iulian. Piatra în patrimoniul românesc. Degradări specifice și tratamente adecvate [Stone in Romanian Patrimony: Specific Deteriorations and Adequate Treatments]. Bucharest: Editura ACS, 2015.

Rodgers, Bradley A. The Archaeologist’s Manual for Conservation. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

Snow, Carol E. “The Affecter Amphora: A Case Study in the History of Greek Vase Restoration.” Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 44 (1986): 2–7.

Szczepanowska, Hanna M. Conservation of Cultural Heritage: Key Principles and Approaches. London and New York: Routlege, 2013.

Vendrell-Saz, Marius. “Ceramica decorada en la arquitectura: degradación, patologias e investiga ción aplicada.” El estudio y la conservación de la ceramica decorada en arquitectura – ICCROM Conservation Studies, Rome, no.1 (2003): 10-15.

Religious Knowledge, Mystical Experience and the Personal Mission of Muhyi-d-Din Ibn ‘Arabi

Autor: Dragoș DRAGOMAN, Sabina-Adina LUCA
Email: dragos.dragoman@ulbsibiu.ro

Religious Knowledge, Mystical Experience and the Personal Mission of Muhyi-d-Din Ibn ‘Arabi

Abstract: The article intends to shed light on the importance of mystical experiences encountered by the Sheik al-Akbar, the great religious theologist Ibn ¢Arabi, the great spiritual leader of Sunni Islam. Following the perfect illumination by the revelation of his own personal mission in Muslim Andalusia, the Sheik al-Akbar started to preach the exoteric lessons of Islam, based on the Quran, Hadith, and Shari¢a. However, he did not limit his knowledge and lessons to exoteric elements, but deeply immersed himself into the metaphysical esoteric truth of the Haqiqa and engaged into the narrow path of Tariqa, the spiritual path leading to realization of the Supreme Truth. By constantly teaching his disciples and by travelling across the Muslim realm, the Sheik al-Akbar reinvigorated and consolidated Sunna, while unravelling the ultimate mystery of divine perfection one can achieve. By the willingness to obey the revelations and to submit his personal will to the Divine injunction, he served the Muslim community and led the path of esoteric and exoteric knowledge and teaching.

Keywords: Ibn ‘Arabi, Islam, Sufism, religion, mysticism.

Bibliography:

Abrahamov, Binyamin. “Ibn al-ʻArabī and Abū Yazīd al-Bistāmī.” Al-Qantara 32 (2011): 369-85.

Addas, Claude. Ibn ʻArabī et le voyage sans retour [Ibn Arabi and the Endless Journey]. Paris: Seuil, 1996.

Chodkiewicz, Michel. Le Sceau des saints. Prophétie et sainteté dans la doctrine d’Ibn ʻArabī [The Seal of the Saints: Prophethood and Sainthood in the Doctrine of Ibn Arabi]. Paris: Gallimard, 1986.

Elmore, Gerald T. Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time: Ibn ʻArabī’s Book of the Fabulous Gryphon. Leiden: Brill, 1999.

Ibn ʻArabī. La Profession de Foi [Profession of Faith], translated by Roger Deladrière. Arles: Actes Sud, 1985.

Ibn ʻArabī. Les soufis d’Andalousie [Sufis of Andalusia], translated by Roger Deladrière. Arles: Actes Sud, 1995.

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