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7 / 2020

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Revista: 7 / 2020
Anul Publicarii:2020
Print ISSN: 0255 0539

Științe socio-umane

Arte vizuale

Filozofie și studii sociale

Antropologie și etnologie

Sociologie

Științe politice & juridice

Istorie & Antropologie

Nașterea științei moderne

Autor: Dragoș DRAGOMAN
Email: dragos.dragoman@ulbsibiu.ro

The Genesis of Modern Science

The beginning of the 17th century is a turning point in the coming of the modern science. By comparing the standpoints of Francis Bacon and Galileo Galilei, the article aims at evaluating the essential change in the scientific reasoning.
Whereas Bacon is still attached to the Renaissance heritage and emphasizes the hope for a unified knowledge, Galilei makes a step forward in formulating a mathematical understanding of the universe. By overpassing the inherent difficulties of a unified understanding of the world, and by limiting the knowledge to the sensible observation of
phenomena, the modern science split from the heritage of the previous centuries and engaged into a new path. This path is the promotion of testing the research hypothesis as the only proof for validating any given theory.

Keywords: European history, European modernity, philosophy of science, modern science.

Bacon, Francis. Cele două cărți despre excelența și progresul cunoașterii divine și umane [The Two Books of Francis Bacon]. Translated by Dana Jalobeanu and Grigore Vida. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2012.
Chastel, André. Artă și umanism la Florența pe vremea lui Lorenzo Magnificul. Studii asupra Renașterii și Umanismului platonician [Art and Humanism in Florence in Time of Lorenzo the Magnificent]. Translated by Smaranda Roșu and Grigore Arbore. Bucharest: Meridiane, 1981.
Galilei, Galileo. Sidereus nuncius sau Anunțul stelar [Sidereus Nuncius, or The Sideral Messenger]. Translated by Gheorghe Stratan. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2018.
Koestler, Arthur. Les somnambules. Essai sur l’histoire des conceptions sur l’Univers [The Sleepwalkers]. Translated by Georges Fradier. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1960.
Platon. Phaidon [Phaedo]. Translated by Petru Creția. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2006.
Platon. Timaios [Timaeus]. Translated by Petru Creția and Cătălin Partenie. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2004.
Weinberg, Steven. Lumea explicată. Descoperirea științei moderne [To Explain the World: The Discovery of the Modern Science]. Translated by Dan Nicolae Popescu. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2017.

Studii culturale

Biblioteconomie

Științele limbii

From Traditional Linguistics to Computational Linguistics. The Relevance of Digital Corpuses in Education

Autor: Marius OPINCARIU
Email: opincariugroup@gmail.com

From Traditional Linguistics to Computational Linguistics.
The Relevance of Digital Corpuses in Education

Recent advances in natural language processing architectures open new opportunities for enhanced educational designs. From proto-linguistics to natural language processing, the new era of internet-linguistics facilitates significant progress in the fields of computational linguistics and annotated digital corpora. With the help of quantitative linguistics, digital text compositions gain increased relevance in contemporary educational discourse
analysis via computational semantics and word sense disambiguation. Digital linguistics may provide key performance indicators to fields such as higher education where written contributions are of critical importance.

Keywords: responsive e-learning, educational data mining, syntactic maps, cognitive curriculum calibration, affective curriculum calibration.

Abbasi Manshad Mohsin, and Anatoly Beltiukov. “Summarizing Emotions from Text Using Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions.” Advances in Intelligent Systems Research, Vol. 166, 7th Scientific Conference on Information Technologies for Intelligent Decision Making Support (ITIDS), 291 – 294. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2019.
Ademi, Neslihan, Suzana Loshkovska, and Slobodan Kalajdziski. “Prediction of Student Success Through Analysis of Moodle Logs: Case Study.” In Communications in Computer and Information Science 1110, Big Data Processing and Mining, 11th International Conference, Ohrid, North Macedonia, October 17–19, edited by S. Gievska and G. Madjarov, 27-40. Berlin: Springer, 2019.
Crosthwaite, Peter. Data-driven learning and younger learners: Introduction to the volume. In Crosthwaite (Ed.) Data-Driven Learning for the Next Generation: Corpora and DDL for pre-tertiary Learners. London: Routledge, 2019.
Despotovski, Filip, and Sonja Gievska. “An In-Depth Analysis of Personality Prediction.” Communications in Computer and Information Science 1110, Big Data Processing and Mining, 11th International Conference, Ohrid, North Macedonia, October 17–19, edited by S. Gievska and G. Madjarov, 134-147. Berlin: Springer 2019.
Balahur, Alexandra, Rada Mihalcea, and Andrés Montoyo. “Computational approaches to subjectivity and sentiment analysis: Present and envisaged methods and applications.” Computer Speech and Language 28 (2014): 1-6.
Banea, Carmen, Rada Mihalcea, Janyce Wiebe, and Samer Hassan. “Multilingual Subjectivity Analysis Using Machine Translation.” Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 127-135. Honolulu: Association For Computational Linguistics, October 2008.
Cukurova, Mutlu, Rosemary Luckin, and Carmel Kent. “Impact of an Artificial Intelligence Research Frame on the Perceived Credibility of Educational Research Evidence.” International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education no. 30 (December 2019): 205-235.
Drăgulescu, Radu. “Online Media and New Technologies in Teaching Linguistic Disciplines.” Proceedings of the International Conference Globalization, Intercultural Dialogue and National Identity. Târgu-Mureș: Arhipelag XXI Press, 2014.
Drăgulescu, Radu. “Psycholinguistic and Neurolinguistic Approaches on Communicational Distorsions.” Proceedings of the International Conference Globalization, Intercultural Dialogue and National Identity. Târgu-Mureș: Arhipelag XXI Press, 2014.
Drăgulescu, Radu. “Qualitative Research on Learning Romanian as a Foreign Language in Endo-Linguistic Context.” Revista Transilvania no. 1 (2019): 73-81.

Drăgulescu, Radu. “Trends and new technologies in teaching and learning General Linguistics. Edmodo.” Intercultural Exchanges in the age of globalization, 568-575. Saarbrücken: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2015.
Drăgulescu, Radu. “Observații Privind Anxietatea Învățării Limbii Române ca Limbă Străină și Comunicarea Interculturală.” Revista Transilvania no. 2 (2019): 84-90.
Drăgulescu Radu. “Considerații privind Statutul Limbii Române ca Limbă Maternă, Limbă Secundară și Limbă Străină.” Revista Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2017): 83-89.
Graham, Steve. “Writers in Community Model: 15 Recommendations for Future Research in Using Writing to Promote Science Learning.” In Theorizing the Future of Science Education Research, edited by V. Prain, and B. Hand. Switzerland: Springer Nature AG, 2019.
Ilkka, Tuomi. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Learning, Teaching, and Education. JRC Science for Policy Report. Edited by Marcelino Cabrera, Riina Vuorikari, and Yves Punie, 1-42. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, JRC Science for Policy Report, 2018.
Joel, Martin, Rada Mihalcea, and Ted Pedersen. “Word Alignment for Languages with Scarce Resources.” Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Building and Using Parallel Texts. Ann Arbor, MI, Association for Computational Linguistics (June 2005): 65–74.
Ponti, Edoardo Maria et al. “Modeling Language Variation and Universals: A Survey on Typological Linguistics for Natural Language Processing”. Computational Linguistics 45 (6) (2019): 1-43.
Salajan, Florin D., and Jules D. Tavis. Introduction: The Educational Intelligent Economy. In Educational Intelligence and Big Data in The Educational Intelligent Economy: Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and the Internet of Things in Education, edited by Florin D. Salajan, and Jules D. Tavis. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020.
Schulz, Eric, Maarten Speekenbrink, and Andreas Krause. “A tutorial on Gaussian Process Regression: Modelling, Exploring, and Exploiting Functions.” Journal of Mathematical Psychology, no. 85 (2018): 1-16.
Strapparava, Carlo, and Rada Mihalcea. “SemEval-2007 Task 14: Affective Text.” Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations. Prague: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007.
Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt, and Laura Rosseel. English Corpus Linguistics: The Current State-of-the-Art, and a Critical Appraisal. Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 2019.
Tang Kok-Sing. “Scientific Practices as an Actor-Network of Literacy Events: Forging a convergence Between Disciplinary Literacy and Scientific Practices.” In Theorizing the Future of Science Education Research, Contemporary Trends and Issues in
Science Education Vol. 49, edited by V. Prain, and B. Hand 83-98. Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2019.
Toshevska, Martina and Slobodan Kalajdziski. Exploring the Attention Mechanism in Deep Models: A Case Study on Sentiment Analysis. In Communications in Computer and Information Science 1110, Big Data Processing and Mining, 11th International
Conference, Ohrid, North Macedonia, October 17–19, edited by S. Gievska and G. Madjarov. Berlin: Springer 2019.
Webb, Paul, and Bill J. W. Whitlow. “Merging Cognitive and Sociocultural Approaches: Toward Better Understandings of the Processes of Developing Thinking and Reasoning.” In Theorizing the Future of Science Education Research, Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education, edited by V. Prain, and B. Hand. Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2019.
Wilson, Steven R., and Rada Mihalcea. “Predicting Human Activities from User-Generated Content.” arXiv:1907.08540v1 [cs.CL] (19 Jul 2019): 1-11.

Științele economice

Antropologie. Studii filozofice

Teologie

Traducerea Mineielor în limba vorbită a poporului – etape ale unei deveniri culturale şi spirituale româneşti

Autor: Ciprian Ioan STREZA
Email: ciprian_streza@yahoo.com

The Translation of the Menaion into the Spoken Language of the People –
Stages of a Romanian Cultural and Spiritual Development

As one of the representative service books of the Romanian Orthodox Church, the Menaion successfully synthesizes both the typikonal and hagiographic richness of the Byzantine hymnography. The Menaia were introduced in the Romanian worship in the 15th century. They started as Slavonic manuscripts, hand-copied and spread by the effort of some scholar monks; eventually they morphed into printed Slavonic editions through the care and labour of deacon Coresi, but that happened much later, in the 17th century. The liturgical books have helped shape the Romanians’ ethnic consciousness and have eased them into spiritual coherence as a people through their religious and cultural life. These books stood at the foundation of a common spiritual and cultural life of all Romanians and
contributed massively to the evolvement of their ethnic consciousness, identity and unity. The publication of the Menaia from Râmnic (1776-1780) marked the definitive introduction of the Romanian language in the worship of the Church. The translation of these prodigious liturgical books into the spoken language constituted the final and most difficult stage in the process of Romanianization of church services. Faced with almost insurmountable linguistic obstacles, as the Byzantine tones were such an interfusion of complex poetical language, rhythm, versification and metric, the scholar clergymen managed to brave a monumental work of compiling and synthesizing all the previous Menaia translations, of adapting, moulding and enriching them and, eventually, of endowing the liturgical text with a certain specificity of Romanian spirituality and culture. All the Menaia published to date stand out through the same unique manner in which the previous translations, that they were compiled from in the transcription process, were converted, adapted and enriched with elements of local specificity to such a degree, that the resulting service book
emerged as a masterpiece of Romanian language and had a profound contribution to the formation, enhancement, stylisation and fine tuning of the Romanian literary language.

Keywords: Orthodox Church, Transylvania, Liturgical books, Menaion, Liturgy, Worship

Αγάπιος Λάνδος. Νέος Παράδεισος:Ήτοι λόγοι διάφοροι και βίοι αγίων /εκ του Μεταφραστού Συμεώνος.[New Paradise: Various Sermons and Lives of Saints by Symeon Metafrastis]. Βενετία: Παρά Πάνω Θεοδοσίου τω εξ Ιωαννίνων, 1641.
Αγάπιος Λάνδος, Βιβλίον ωραιότατον καλούμενον Αμαρτωλών Σωτηρία [A Very Beautiful Book Called the Sinners Salvation].
Βενετία: Παρά Νικολάω Γλυκεί τω εξ Ιωαννίνων, 1641.
Bărbulescu, Daniela. „Mineiele de la Neamţ 1830-1832” [The Menaia from Neamţ]. Glasul Bisericii, no. 11-12 (1962): 1142-1160.
Bianu, Ioan, Hodoş, Nerva. Bibliografia românească veche 1508-1830, vol. 1-5 [Ancient Romanian Bibliography 1508-1830, vol. 1-5]. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 1903-1944.
Bianu, Ioan, Hodoş, Nerva. Dosofteiu, mitropolitul Moldovei, 1671-1686. Psaltirea în versuri, publicată după manuscrisul original şi de pe ediţiunea de la 1673 [Dosofteiu, Metropolitan of Moldavia, 1671-1686. Psalter in verse, published after the original
manuscript and from the 1673 edition]. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 1887.
Branişte, Ene. Liturgica generală [General Liturgics]. Bucharest: Editura Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al BOR, 1993.
Budde, Achim. „Wie findet man “Ägyptisches Heimatgut”?”, in Acts of the International Congress ‘Comparative Liturgy Fifty Years after Anton Baumstark (1872–1948)’ Orientalia Christiana Analecta 265, ed. Taft, R. / Winkler, G. Roma: Pontificio Instituto Orientale, 2001, 671–688.
Cartojan, Nicolae. Cărţile populare în literatura românească, vol. 1-2 [The Folklore Books in the Romanian Literature]. Bucharest: Fundaţia pentru Literatură şi Artă „Regele Carol II”, 1938.
Cartojan, Nicolae. Istoria literaturii române vechi [The History of the Ancient Romanian Literature]. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1980.
Dobrescu, Nicolae. Istoria Bisericii Române din Oltenia in timpul ocupaţiunii austriece (1716-1739) [The History of the Romanian Church in Oltenia during the Austrian occupation (1716-1739)]. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 1906.
Δωρόθεος, Μητροπολίτης Μονεμβασίας, Βιβλίον ιστορικόν περιέχον εν συνόψει διαφόρους και εξόχους ιστορίας: Αρχόμενον από κτίσεως Κόσμου μέχρι της αλώσεως Κωνσταντινουπόλεως [Historical Book Containing a Summary of Various and Outstanding Stories: From the Creation of the World to the Fall of Constantinople], Βενετία: Ιωάννη Αντωνίω τω Ιουλιανώ, 1631.
Gheţie, Ioan. Originile scrisului în limba română [The Origins of Writing in the Romanian Language]. Bucharest: Editura Științifică 96 TRANSILVANIA 7/2020 și Enciclopedică, 1985.
Iohannes Nauclerus, Chronica succintim comprehendentia res memorabiles seculorum omnium ac gentium ab initio mundi usque ad annum Christi nati MCCCCC [A Chronic briefly including memorable facts and people of all ages from the beginning of the world until the year 1500 the birth of Christ]. Coloniae: Haeredes Iohannis Quentel &Geruuinum, 1544.
Iorga, Nicolae. Sate şi preoți din Ardeal [Villages and priests from Transylvania]. Bucharest: Institutul de Arte Grafice Carol Göbl, 1902.
Iorga, Nicolae. Istoria literaturii române vol. 1-3 [The History of the Romanian Literature, vol. 1-3]. Vălenii de Munte: Editura Neamul Românesc, 1901- 1909.
Ivaşcu, George. Istoria literaturii române, vol. 1- 2 [The History of the Romanian Literature, vol. 1-2] Bucharest: Editura Ştiinţifică, 1969-1972.
Μαργούνιος, Μάξιμος. Συναξάρια ἤτοι βίοι ἁγίων [The Synaxarion or the Lifes of the Saints]. Βενετία: Ἀντώνιος Πινέλλος, 1607.
Mihăilescu, Gabriel, „În jurul surselor folosite de Dosoftei în Viaţa şi petreacelor svinţilor” [“Around the Sources Used by Dosoftei in Life and the Living of the Saints”]. Limba Română, no. 3 (2014): 419–432.
Mitric, Olimpia. „Un nou exemplar din Mineiul slavon imprimat la Veneţia, în tipografia lui Božidar Vuković” [„A new copy of the Slavonic Mine printed in Venice, in the printing house of Božidar Vuković”]. Studii şi Materiale de Istorie Medie, no. 31 (2013): 299-322.
Ματθαίος Κιγάλας, Νέα Σύνοψις διαφόρων ἱστοριῶν ἀρχομένη ἀπό κτίσεως κόσμου καί λήγουσα ἓως τήν νῦν ἐχρονίαν, (Βενετία: Παρά Νικολάω Γλυκεί τω εξ Ιωαννίνων,1637).
Pasca, Ştefan. „Unitatea românească prin religie” [„Romanian unity through religion”]. Revista Teologică, no. 2 (1944): 85-109.
Rosetti, Alexandru. Istoria literaturii române vol. 1-3 [The History of the Romanian Literature, vol. 1-3]. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1964-1973.
Ştefănescu, Iulian. „Legende despre Sf. Constantin în literatura română” [„Legends about St. Constantine in Romanian literature”]. Revista Istorică Română, no. 1 (1931): 251-297.
Simionescu D., Buluţă G. Pagini din istoria cărţii româneşti [Pages from the history of the Romanian book]. Bucharest: Editura Ion Creangă, 1981.
Păcurariu, Mircea. Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române vol. 1-3 [History of the Romanian Orthodox Church vol. 1-3]. Bucharest: Editura Institutului Biblic şi de Misiune al BOR, 1980-1981.
Păcurariu, Mircea. Cultura teologică românească. Scurtă prezentare istorică [Romanian theological culture. Brief historical presentation]. Bucharest: Basilica, 2011.
Stolpe, Sven, Huber Siegfried, Braun, Robert. Die Offenbarungen der heiligen Birgitta von Schweden. Frankfurt am Main: Knecht, 1961.
Stăniloae, Dumitru. Ortodoxie şi românism [Orthodoxy and Romanianism]. Bucharest: Supergraph, 2011.
Stăniloae, Dumitru. Reflecţii despre spiritualitatea poporului român [Reflections on the spirituality of the Romanian people]. Bucharest: Editura Elion, 2004.
Teodorescu, Barbu. „Episcopul Damaschin și contribuția sa la crearea limbii literare romane” [„Bishop Damascene and His Contribution to the Creation of the Roman Literary Language”]. Mitropolia Olteniei, no. 9-12 (1960): 627-645.
Turdeanu, Emil. „Manuscrise slave din timpul lui Ştefan cel Mare” [„Slavic Manuscripts from the Time of Stephen the Great”]. Cercetări literare, no. 5 (1943): 111–163.
Turdeanu, Emil. Oameni şi cărţi de altădată [People and Books of Yesteryear], Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică, 1997.
Ţepelea, Gabriel, „Mineiele de la Râmnic. Contribuţia lor la dezvoltarea limbii române literare şi la biruinţa ei definitivă ca limbă de cult” [The Menaia from Râmnic. Their Contribution to the Development of the Romanian Literary Language and to
its Final Victory as a Language of Worship]. Biserica Ortodoxă Română, no. 3-4 (1966): 369-387.
Ursu, Necolai-Alexandru, Dascălu, Nicolae, Mărturii documentare privitoare la viața și activitatea mitropolitului Dosoftei [Documentary Testimonies Regarding the Life and Activity of Metropolitan Dosoftei]. Iași: Editura Trinitas, 2003.
Ursu, Necolai Alexandru. Dosoftei: Opera, Versuri vol. 3 [ The Works of Dosoftei – Verses vol. 3]. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1978), 544.
Wade, Andre. „The Oldest Iadgari. The Jerusalim Tropologion V-VIIIc.”, Orientalia Christiana Periodica, no. 50 (1984): 451-456.

Studii literare

Romanul social românesc între conformism și autonomie. O analiză cantitativă a evoluției subgenului între 1965 și 1989

Autor: Denisa BUD
Email: denisa.bud17@yahoo.ro

The Romanian Social Novel between Conformism and Autonomy.

A Quantitative Research of the Evolution of the Subgenre (1965-1989)

The present paper aims to provide an overview of the Romanian social novel between 1965 and 1989, a period subordinate to the communist regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu, that witnessed the evolution of this particulare subgenre, one determined by two factors: the effect of the political changes during this stage and the publication of the established, canonical, post-war Romanian novels. The methodology employed for this article is a quantitative analysis based on the theories of Franco Moretti’s and Matthew L. Jockers’s theoretical studies. Thus, the article investigates the literary critics’views concerning the Romanian social novel and its possible definitions. Therefore, the results consist in a couple of graphs, which represent the course of this subgenre, involving an applicable definition for his representations in the period of Ceaușescu’s political regime.

Keywords: social novel, subgenre, distant reading, romanian literature, communism regime, ideology, literary evolution.

***. Dicționarul cronologic al romanului românesc de la origini până la 1989 [The Chronological Dictionary of the Romanian Novel from its Origins to 1989]. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 2004.
***Dicționarul cronologic al romanului tradus în România de la origini până în 1989 [The Chronological Dictionary of The Translated Novel in Romania from its Origins to 1989]. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 2005.
Baghiu, Ștefan. “Strong Domination and Subtle Dispersion: A Distant Reading of Novel Translation in Communist Romania (1944-1989)”. In The Culture of Translation in Romania, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, 63-84. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018).
Bâlici, Mihnea. “Studii cantitative recente în spațiul românesc. Între analiză instituțională și problema traducerilor” [Recent Quantitative Studies in Romania. Between Institutional Analysis and the Topic of Translation]. Transilvania, no. 2 (2019): 11-18.
Cordoș, Sanda. Literatura între revoluție și reacțiune [Literature between Revolution and Reaction]. Cluj-Napoca: Biblioteca Apostrof, 2002.
Crăciun, Gheorghe. “Romanul românesc – azi” [The Romanian Novel – Today]. Caiete critice, no.1-2 (1983): 18-29.
Cristescu, Maria Luiza. “Romanul românesc – azi” [The Romanian Novel – Today]. Caiete critice. no. 1-2 (1983): 22-24.
Gârdan, Daiana. “Evoluția romanului erotic românesc din prima jumătate a secolului al XX-lea. Între exercițiu și canonizare” [The Evolution of The Romanian Erotic Novel from The First Half of the 20th Century. Between Exercise and Canonization]. Transilvania, no. 7 (2018): 23-28.
Gârdan, Daiana. “Tipologiile romanului românesc și provocările cercetării cantitative. Cazul romanului social și de moravuri” [Defining the Social Novel and The Novel of Manners. Challenges of Distant-Reading The Romanian Novel]. In Caietele Sextil
Pușcariu IV. (Cluj-Napoca: Scriptor – Argonaut, 2019), 418-427.
Goldiș, Alex. “Literary Interferences in Subversive East-European Prose under communism.” In The Culture of Translation in Romania, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, 85-97. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.
Jockers, Matthew L. Macroanalysis. Digital Methods and Literary History. Urbana. Chicago. Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 2013.
Macrea Toma, Ioana. Privilighenția. Instituții literare în comunismul românesc [Privilighentia. Literary Institutions in Romanian Communism]. Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărții de Știință, 2009.
Malița, Liviu. Literatura eretică. Texte cenzurate politic între 1949 și 1977 [The Heretical Literature. Politically Censured Texts between 1949 și 1977]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 2016.
Moretti, Franco. “Conjunctures on World Literature.” New Left Review, no.1 (2000): 54-68.
Moretti, Franco. Grafice, hărți, arbori. Literatura văzută de departe [Graphs, Maps, Trees. Abstract Models for a Literary History]. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2016.
Negrici, Eugen. Literatura română sub comunism. Proza [Romanian Literature under Communism. Prose]. Bucharest: Editura Fundației Pro, 2002.
Nistor, Viorel. Pactul ficțional și istoria: repere ale romanului politic românesc postbelic [The Fictional Pact and History: Highlights of Romanian Political Post-War Novel]. Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărții de Știință, 2012.
Răduță, Magdalena. În context. O lectură sociologizantă a literaturii române din ultimul deceniu comunist [In Context. A Sociological Reading of Romanian Literature from The Last Communist Decade]. Bucharest: Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2019.
Sass, Maria, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, eds. The Culture of Translation in Romania. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.
Simuț, Ion. Literaturile române postbelice [Romanian Post-War Literatures]. Cluj-Napoca: Școala Ardeleană, 2017.
Suleiman, Susan Rubin. Le roman a thèse ou l’autorité fictive [The Thesist Novel or The Fictional Authority]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1983.
Terian, Andrei, „Big Numbers. A Quantitative Analysis of the Development of the Novel in Romania”. Transylvanian Review. vol. 28 (2019): 55-71.
Terian, Andrei, Daiana Gârdan, Cosmin Borza, David Morariu, and Dragoș Varga. “Genurile romanului românesc în secolul al XIX-lea. O analiză cantitativă” [The Genres of the 19th Century Romanian Novel. A Quantitative Analysis]. Revista Transilvania, no. 10 (2019): 17-28.
Turcuș, Claudiu. Împotriva memoriei. De la „estetismul socialist” la noul cinema românesc [Against Memory. From the “Socialist Aesthetism” to the New Romanian Cinema]. Bucharest: Eikon, 2017.

La granița dintre literatura națională și internațională. Rolul „Școlii de la Tîrgoviște” în dinamizarea câmpului literar postbelic

Autor: Mia BILIGAN
Email: mia.biligan97@yahoo.com

Between National and International Literature.
The Role of the ‘Tîrgoviște Group’ in Activating the Post-war Literary Field

Starting from the distinction between national and international writers Pascale Casanova puts forward in The World Republic of Letters, the present paper investigates the case of the ‘Tîrgoviște group’ in the post-war literary field. The writers Radu Petrescu, Mircea Horia Simionescu, and Costache Olăreanu, but also the other writers known as being part of this group, have contributed to the so-called internationalization of the literature in the Liberalization period, not only through their novels which mostly follow the European and South American models, but also through their essays, journals and translations, fighting to the limits of the literature written for a particular national public. The thesis this research is based on claims that the fact that the group is created in Tîrgoviște in the ‘40s – thus far from the ideological centre – gives them more freedom in studying new international tendencies or inter-war Romanian writers. I will focus on how the ‘Tîrgoviște group’ promotes the universal literature and how they adopt the models of the European modernist literature, but also how they eventually fail becoming what Pascale Casanova fully names ‘international writers’ or iconic writers for Romanian post-war literature across the borders.

Keywords: post-war literature, international writers, national public, exile, the ’Tîrgoviste group’

Baghiu, Ștefan. “Translating Novels in Romania: The Age of Socialist Realism. From an Ideological Center to Geographical Margins.” Studia UBB Philologia LXI, no. 1 (2016): 5-18.
Casanova, Pascale. Republica mondială a Literelor [The World Republic of Letters]. Translated by Cristina Bîzu (Bucharest: Curtea Veche, 2007).
Lefter, Ion Bogdan. Primii postmoderni: Școala de la Tîrgoviște [The First Postmodern Writers: The ‘Tirgoviste Group’] (Pitești: Paralela 45, 2003).
Martin, Mircea. “Cultura română între comunism și naționalism” [The Romanian Culture Between Communism and Nationalism”]. Revista 22, September 23, 2002. Online: https://revista22.ro/cultura/cultura-romana-intre-comunism-sinationalism.
Martin, Mircea, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, eds. Romanian Literature as World Literature (New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017).
Nedelciu, Mircea. “[1982] Interviu cu Mircea Horea Simionescu” [Interview of Mircea Horia Simionescu]. May 7, 1982. Published online, Echinox June 18, 2011: http://revistaechinox.ro/2011/06/1982-interviu-cu-mircea-horea-simionescu-goldmine/.
Olăreanu, Costache. Ucenic la clasici [Disciple to the Classic Writers] (Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1979).
Petrescu, Radu. Meteorologia lecturii [The Meteorology of Reading] (Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1982).
Podoabă, Virgil, ed. Cărțile supraviețuitoare [The Surviving Books] (Brașov: Editura Aula, 2008).
Revnic, Ioana. “Interviu cu Mircea Horia Simionescu” [Interview of Mircea Horia Simionescu]. România literară, no. 8 (2008). https://arhiva.romlit.ro/index.pl/mircea_horia_simionescu.
Simuț, Ion. Literaturile române postbelice [Post-war Romanian Literatures] (Cluj-Napoca: Editura Școala Ardeleană, 2017).
Zaciu, Mircea. Scrisori nimănui [Letters to Nobody] (Oradea – Târgu-Mureș: Editura Cogito și Arhipelag, 1996).

Comunitatea din scrisori. Corespondența cenaclului Viața românească

Autor: Maricica MUNTEANU
Email: secretariat_philippide@yahoo.com

The Community of Letters. The Correspondence of Viața românească Reading Club

The present paper analyses the collective imaginary of the cenacle having as a reference point the correspondence of “Viața românească” literary circle. Generally, the forms of literary sociability relate to the interactions of writers in a physical space that creates a particular topography, specific for the literary community. However, the correspondence organizes an alternative space that supersedes the constraints of the geographical space, a space for interaction between “fulltime” members and contributors. Certainly, the correspondence has, first of all, a practical sense as it replaces the conversation of the cenacle, ensures the continuity of the group and the functionality of “Viața românească” revue, or repairs the existing conflicts between the members of the group, but, at the same
time, the correspondence has a symbolic value that is responsible for the consolidation of the literary community.
I examine four themes that illustrate this symbolic function of the correspondence: the desire “to be with you”, the mutual admiration, the auto legitimacy inside the group, and the community as environment for creativity.

Keywords: literary community, collective imaginary, auto legitimacy, creativity, “Viața românească.”

Bordeianu, M., Botez, Gr., Lăzărescu, I., Mănucă, Dan, and Teodorescu, Al., eds. Scrisori către Ibrăileanu [Letters to Ibrăileanu], vol. 1–3. Bucharest: Editura pentru Literatură, 1966, 1971, 1973.
Glinoer, Anthony, and Laisney, Vincent. Lʼâge de cénacle. Confraternités littéraires et artistiques au XIXe siècle [The Age of the Cenacle. Literary and Artistic Confraternities in the 19th Century], kindle edition. Paris: Fayard, 2013.
Ibrăileanu, G. Opere [Works], vol. 6, edited by Al. Piru, and Rodica Rotaru. Bucharest: Minerva, 1978.
Topîrceanu, G. Opere[Wks], vol. 2, edited by Al. Săndulescu, preface by Eugen Simion. Bucharest: Editura Fundației Naționale pentru Știință și Artă, 2014.

Cronică de teatru și ideologie (1918-1920)

Autor: Alina Gabriela MIHALACHE
Email: alina_g_mihalache@hotmail.com

Theatrical Reviews and Ideology (1918-1920)

By the end of WW1, the Romanian theatre finds itself in a moment when the need to reassert and reconfigure its social-political role is more pressing than ever. The urge to found new institutions, to develop a Romanian theatre in the “provinces”, to foster cultural emulation in order to support the new national project after 1918 will result in remoulding theatre into a space of confrontation with the major themes of “the Greater Romania”. Theatrical repertoires, of public and private companies, give rise to fierce debates and point at the new ideological agenda.
The end of 19th century Romanticist historical drama is now rediscovered and re-signified. Old-school costume plays are put on stage and set-designed in new, modern ways, to reinforce the national issues of the day: Răzvan și Vidra by B.P. Hasdeu, Apus de soare or Viforul by Barbu Ștefănescu-Delavrancea. New plays, such as Bimbașa-Sava by I. Peretz (1915, staged 1918), or Letopiseți by Mihail Sorbul (1914, staged 1919), refer back to the atmosphere of the 17-18th c. as a cradle of national identity, and strive to connect the Middle Ages heroes to the “war generation” of the 20th c., in order to legitimize the latter. On the other hand, recent artistic trends – Ibsenism or le théâtre d’idées – anticipate new directions of the interwar theatre. Moral-sentimental plots set in the (post) belle-époque (Patima roșie or Dezertorul by Mihail Sorbul, Cadril by Liviu Rebreanu, or Jocul ielelor by Camil Petrescu) result in strong reactions and counter-reactions in the press. There is a lot of talk about the “theatre as a school”, “theatre as a moral instance”, theatre as a means to promote national language and heritage in all the areas of “the Greater Romania”.
Life behind the curtains is another topic of interest for the theatre chronicles of the times. The daily newspapers Rampa and Scena give wide exposure to such media scandals as the one concerning actress Marioara Voiculescu, accused of playing on the Bucharest stages during German occupation. Her “case” is covered in vivid detail along several issues and include a pro domo defence by the actress herself. This self-conflicting cultural landscape is the melting pot where the theatre chronicle is remoulded as a modern critical institution, illustrated by such famous, or famous-to-be, names as E. Lovinescu, Liviu Rebreanu, or Camil Petrescu. Rhetorically speaking, the review écriture mixes journalistic straightforwardness with literary elegance, history and art, aesthetical assessment and touches of memoirs, “objectivity” and “subjectivity”, and deserves to be read as an ideological document which showcases the main polarities of the political and cultural transition during the war and post-war years.

Keywords: theatrical review, memoirs, diary, First World War, aesthetic autonomy

Berlogea, Ileana. Teatrul românesc în secolul XX [Romanian Theatre in the XX Century]. Bucharest: Editura Fundației Culturale Române, 2000.
Clarnet, Adolphe. “Marioara Voiculescu.” Rampa, an II, nr. 345, November, 25 (1918).
Clarnet. “Actrița” [”The Actriss”]. Rampa, an II, nr. 374, December, 24 (1918).
Demetriade, Aristide. “O scrisoare a domnului Aristide Demetriade” [”A Letter from Mr. Aristide Demetriade”]. Scena, an II, nr. 286 (1918).
Demetriade, Aristide. “Cazul Marioara Voiculescu” [”Marioara Voiculescu’s Case”]. Rampa, an II (1918).
Eakin, John Paul. How Our Lives Become Stories. Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1999.
Lejeune, Philippe. Le pacte autobiographique [The Autobiographical Pact]. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1996.
Lovinescu, Eugen. “Fiorul” [“Vibration”], Rampa, no. 371, December, 21 (1918).
Lovinescu, Eugen. “Arta și ocupația” [“Art and Occupation”]. Rampa, no. 366 (1918).
Olney, James. Memory and Narrative. The Weave of Life-Writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
Pătru, Sandu. “Semnificația morală a teatrului” [“The Moral Significance of Theatre”]. Rampa, no. 374, December, 24 (1918).
Sânger, G. “Teatrul ca factor cultural” [“Theatre, as a Cultural Factor”]. Rampa, no. 366, December, 14 (1918).
Voiculescu, Marioara. “O scrisoare a doamnei Marioara Voiculescu” [“A Letter from Marioara Voiculescu”], Scena, no. 281, October, 20 (1918).
Voiculescu, Marioara. “Doamna Voiculescu răspunde” [“Mrs. Voiculescu is answering”]. Rampa, no. 371, December, 21 (1918).
Voiculescu, Marioara. Jurnal. Memorii [Diary. Memoir]. Bucharest: Fundația „Camil Petrescu”. Revista Teatrul Azi, 2003.

Horia Petra-Petrescu și construcția conștiinței naționale prin Teatru – Memoria conferințelor publice

Autor: Constantin NECULA
Email: teologie@ulbsibiu.ro

Horia Petra-Petrescu and the Construction of the National Consciousness through
Drama – The Memory of the Public Conferences

The construction of a national consciousness covered in the preceding years of the Great Union of 1918 many fields of the dynamic Transylvanian culture that deserve to be examined in details. The Romanian theatrical culture was such an ethos. Horia Petra-Petrescu, one of its first critics held a series of public conferences, of which the three considered the most representative regarding the construction of the national consciousness through Theater are analyzed in this study. Examining them, we discovered an excellent theoretician of Drama as both social phenomenon and managerial project, a very careful critic of the comparative European theater and a very good source of knowledge of theater critique between 1908 and 1913, namely the years before World War I. Therefore, Horia Petra-Petrescu, the first doctor in I. L. Caragiale’s Theater (Leipzig) should be paid a special attention in respect of the principles through which the national unity of a people can be educated through theater (language, text and education).

Keywords: social esthetics, theatrical culture, the managerial priorities of culture, positive dilettantism, folk theater, the cultural autonomy of the ethnic minorities’ theater.

Bârsan, Zaharia. Scrieri [Selected Writings]. Edition by C. Simionescu. Bibliography by Aurora Pârvu. Bucharest: Editura pentru Literatură, 1969.
Băncescu, Lidia. Scrisori către Horia Petra-Petrescu (Catalog) [Letters to Horia Petra-Petrerscu: Catalogue]. Sibiu, 1971
Dunăreanu, Elena. Horia Petra-Petrescu. Corespondența cu publiciștii ardeleni [Horia Petra-Petrescu. The Correspondence with Transylvanian Publicists]. Sibiu: Biblioteca ASTRA. vol. I, 1976; vol. II, 1977; vol. III, 1979.
***, “Conferențiarii” [The Lecturers], in Asociațiunea Noastră I. Serbările de la Sibiiu și Serbările de la Blaj. Cluj-Napoca: Tipografia Carmen Petru P. Barițiu, 1911.
Necula, Constantin, Sorana Maier. Sibiu – Case cu suflet la un centenar de unitate [Sibiu – Houses with Soul at a Centenary of Unity]. Bucharest: Eikon, 2018.
Petra-Petrescu, Horia. Probleme teatrale [Drama Problems]. Reprint in Anuarul nr. XI al Societății pentru fond de teatru român. Brașov: Tipografia A. Mureșianu, 1908.
Petra-Petrescu, Horia. Publicul nostru și teatru. Conferință publică cetită în a doua ședință „Societății pentru fond de teatru român”, în Blaj, în ziua de 17/30 August 1911 [Our Public and Drama. Public Conference in Blaj, August 17/30 1911]. Arad: Tiparul tipografiei „Concordia”, 1911.
Petra-Petrescu, Horia. Este mișcarea noastră teatrală un lux? Conferință ținută la adunarea generală, în ziua de 5/18 Noemvrie 1912, la prima ședință a „Societății pentru fond de teatru”, în Brașov [Is our Theatrical Movement a Luxury? Public Conference]. Brașov: Tipografia A. Mureșianu Branisce&Comp, year missing (1912).
Petra- Petrescu, Horia. Călcâiul lui Achile. Piesă din viața gazetărească în trei acte [Achille’s Heel. Play Inspired by the Publishing Life in Three Acts]. Sibiiu: Tiparul Institutului de arte grafice „Dacia Traiană”, 1924.
Petra-Petrescu, Horia. “Cuvânt înainte” [Foreword], Revista Teatrală, no.1 (January 1 1913): 1-2.
Serviciul Județean Sibiu al Arhivelor Naționale, Fond ASTRA, Dosar 441/1905.

„Exaltarea unui naufragiat”. Marginalii la un dicționar de termeni cioranieni

Autor: Simona CONSTANTINOVICI
Email: simonadiana@hotmail.com

“Exaltation of a Shipwrecked”. Annotations to a Dictionary of Cioranian Terms

The entries in a Dictionary of Cioranian terms could highlight the dynamics of the lexicon, the semantic profile and text stylistics of an author who is known to have manifested himself with the same linguistic complexity, both in Romanian and in French. The syntagm exaltation of a shipwrecked, used by the philosopher, translates, in metaphorical regime, the whole functioning mechanism of his thinking. The aphoristic and philosophical discourse
is welded around dominant figures of the language, such as semantic polarity, paradox or antinomy. The advantage of such a lexicographic work consists also in the creation of a network of significance, of a unique syntagmatic topos, in which, in plain view or in subsidiary, a whole universe of semantic contrasts is concentrated. In opposition to the
expectations and the fragmentary style which is cultivated, on large spaces, by the philosopher, this stylistic variety exists within a paradoxical system of thinking.

Keywords: Cioran, lexicography, philosophy, dictionary, terms, semantics, polarity

Cărtărescu, Mircea, Orbitor. Aripa dreaptă (Blinding. The right wing). București: Editura Humanitas, 2007.
Cioran, Emil, Opere. 1. (Works) Edited by Marin Diaconu. București: Academia Română, Editura Fundației Naționale pentru Știință și Artă, 2012.
Cioran, Emil, Opere. 2. Publicistică, manuscrise, corespondență (Works.2. Publicistics, manuscripts, correspondence). Edited by Marin Diaconu. București: Academia Română, Editura Fundației Naționale pentru Știință și Artă, 2012.
***, Cioran, archives paradoxales, Nouvelles approches critiques. Tome III. Sous la direction d’Aurélien Demars et Mihaela-Gențiana Stănișor. Paris : Classiques Garnier, 2017.
Gheltofan, Daniela, Antonimia. O abordare sistemică și extrasistemică (Antonymy. A systemic and extra-systemic approach). Craiova: Editura Universitaria, 2014.
Marcu, Florin, Maneca, Constant, Dicționar de neologisme (Dictionary of neologisms). București: Editura Academiei, 1978.
Steiner, George, Gramaticile creației (The grammars of creation). English translation by Adina Avramescu. București: Editura Humanitas, 2015.

Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Trei tigri triști: Obsesia literaturii

Autor: Rodica GRIGORE
Email: rodica.grigore@ulbsibiu.ro

Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Three Trapped Tigers: The Obsession of Literature

Almost unanimously considered one of the most important writers of the entire 20th century, the Cuban Guillermo Cabrera Infante always tried to innovate within his literary creations. The book he published in 1965, Three Trapped Tigers, considered by some interpreters a novel and by the others an exquisite example of a cycle of short stories
connected through some major motifs or characters, represents even nowadays a constant challenge to the literary critics. The text constantly experiments at the linguistic and symbolic level, describing the Cuban capital, Havana, in a way unparalleled since, and also puts into question great literature of the previous centuries, from the masterpiece
of Cervantes to Sterne’s Tristram Shandy, in order to prove its ability to include the reader into the intricate world of the text.

Keywords: Latin American fiction, contemporary novel, Cuban literature, cultural tradition, innovative narrative strategy.

Cabrera Infante, Guillermo. Trei tigri trişti [Three Trapped Tigers]. Translated by Dan Munteanu Colán. Bucharest: Curtea Veche Publishing, 2010.
Cabrera, Vicente. “La Destruccion de la Creacion de Tres tristes tigres.” Revista Iberoamericana, no. 96-97 (1976).
Fuentes, Carlos. La nueva novela hispanoamericana. Mexico: Joaquin Mortiz, 1969.
Goytisolo, Juan. “Lectura cervantina de Tres tristes tigres.” Revista Iberoamericana, no. 94 (1976).
Lezra, Jacques. “Squared Circles, Encircling Bowles. Reading Figures in Tres tristes tigres.” Latin American Literary Review 16, no. 31 (1988).
Meza Jara, Leonardo. “La rayas multiformes de los Tres tristes tigres de Cabrera Infante.” Online at: https://www.academia. edu/24501395/Las_rayas_multiformes_de_los_Tres_tristes_tigres_de_Cabrera_Infante. Accessed June 4, 2020.
Mora, Gerson. “La mascara rupturista. Sobre Tres tristes tigres de Guillermo Cabrera Infante.” Acta Literaria, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile, no. 34 (2007).
Menton, Seymour. Caminata por la narrativa latinoamericana. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2004.
Walter Mignolo. “Escribir la oralidad. La obra de Juan Rulfo.” In Juan Rulfo, Toda la obra, Santiago de Chile, ALCCA XX.
De los Rios, Valeria. “El cine, el gramofono y maquina de escribir. TTT, novela mediatica latinoamericana.” Especulo. Revista de estudios literarios, Universidad de Complutense, no. 28 (2004).
Paz, Octavio. Los hijos del limo. Del romanticismo a la vanguradia. Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1990.

Mortem terribilem. Moartea gotică

Autor: Mihaela GRANCEA
Email: mihaela.grancea@ulbsibiu.ro

Mortem terribilem. Gothic Death

In the present study, we tried to capture what we found relevant for the imagery of the Gothic Death. The selection of texts and images significant for the Romanian imagery of Death proved a subjective and challenging process. We have focused on those sources with a cultural career, sources that have inspired and have been faithfully disseminated or metamorphosed according to the various historical contexts. The imagery of Death in Romanian culture is less fertile than its manifestations in other cultures, particularly if we refer to the representations of the Gothic Death.
In scholarly culture, literature, and art, this imagery exploded during La Belle Époque and, after the First World War, in the interwar period. Relative cultural synchronicity and the collective trauma caused by the Great Carnage, encouraged avant-garde, modernist exercises. For a short time and sometimes tangentially, local sensibilities and
representations related to Death seem similar to those in the Western culture. Post-communist Romanian cinema also explores, fearfully, the registers of the horror cinema culture. We aim to reveal the most remarkable images of the terrible Death in Romanian literature and cinema.

Keywords: Death, fantastic, corpse, cemetery, ghost, Romanian cinema, Romanian literature

Antonesei, Liviu. 5 balade rock [5 Rock Ballads]. Bucharest: Vinea, 2018.
Arghezi, Tudor. Cimitirul Buna-Vestire [The Annunciation Cemetery]. Bucharest: Editura pentru Literatură, 1968.
Arghezi, Tudor. Poezii [Poems]. Bucharest: Minerva, 1971.
Augustin-Doinaș, Ștefan. Hesperia – versuri [Hesperia – Verses]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1979.
Augustin-Doinaș, Ștefan. Trandafirul negru (audio book) [The Black Rose]. Bucharest: Casa Radio, 2013.
Blecher, Max. Întâmplări din irealitatea imediată. Inimi cicatrizate [Occurence in the Immediate Unreality. Scarred Hearts]. Bucharest: 100+1 Gramar, 1995.
Blecher, Max. Vizuina luminată. Jurnal de sanatoriu [The Lightened Burrow. Sanatorium Diary]. Bucharest: Art, 2009.
Bogdan, Cristina. Moartea și lumea premodernă românească. Discursuri întretăiate [Death and the Premodern Romanian World. Crossed Discourses]. Bucharest: Universitatea din București, 2016.
Bogza, Geo. Poemul Invectivă și alte poeme [The Invective Poem and Other Poems] Bucharest: Litera, 2010.
Bogza, Geo. Teroare olfactivă [Olfactory Terror]. UNU, year II, no. 14, (June 1929).
Bote, Lidia, ed. Antologia poeziei simboliste românești [The Anthology of Romanian Symbolist Poetry]. Bucharest: Minerva, 1972.
Cioran, Emil. Lacrimi și sfinți [Tears and Saints]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2008.
Coșbuc, George. Poezii [Poems]. Bucharest: Cartex, 2015.
Eliade, Mircea. Domnișoara Christina [Miss Christina]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 1993.
Grancea, Mihaela. “Călători occidentali despre atitudinile româneşti în faţa morţii (1683-1789)” [Occidental Travelers on the Romanian Attitudes in Front of Death]. In Identitate şi alteritate. Studii de imagologie, vol. II. Edited by Nicolae Bocşan, Toader
Nicoară, and Sorin Mitu, 74-85. Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană, 1998.
Grancea, Mihaela. “Moartea tradițională în filmul românesc” [Traditional Death in the Romanian Cinema]. Film, no. 2 (2020): 50-53.
Ion Pillat and Perpessicius, eds. Antologia poeților de azi [The Anthology of Today’s Poets] Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1925.
Lesnea, George. Versuri [Verses]. Bucharest: Editura pentru Literatură, 1964.
Macedonski, Alexandru. Excelsior, 1895-1897. Bucharest: Curtea Veche, 2011.
Marin Sorescu, Teatru [Drama]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 2019.
Mitchievici, Angelo. “Parfum de horror românesc” [Perfume of Romanian Horror]. Film, no. 2 (2020): 46-48.
Petrescu, Cezar. Aranca, știma lacurilor [Aranca the Fairy of the Lakes]. Bucharest: Meridiane, 1973.
Petrescu, Cezar. Calea Victoriei [Victory Street]. Bucharest: Editura de Stat pentru Literatură și Artă, 1956.
Philippide, Alexandru. Floarea din prăpastie [The Flower in the Chasm]. Bucharest: Editura Contemporană, 1942.
Philippide, Alexandru. Floarea din prăpastie [The Flower in the Chasm]. Bucharest: Minerva, 1975.
Radcliffe, Ann. The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne. London: Thomas Hookham, 1789.
Simion, Eugen. “O fabulă swiftiană” [A Swiftian Fable]. Saeculum, no. 5-6 (2006): 1-6.
Sorescu, Marin. Apă vie, apă moartă [Living Water, Dead Water]. Craiova: Scrisul românesc, 1987.
Sorescu, Marin. La Lilieci, vol. I-III [In Lilieci]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1986.
Sorescu, Marin. Vărul Shakespeare și alte piese. Teatru [Cousin Shakespeare and Other Plays. Drama] Bucharest: Minerva, 1993.
Stanca, Radu. Versuri [Verse]. Cluj-Napoca: Dacia, 1980.
Țoiu, Constantin. Însoțitorul [The Companion]. Bucharest: Eminescu, 1981.
Vinea, Ion. Poezii vol. I [Poems]. Cluj-Napoca: Dacia, 1971.

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