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5 / 2020

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Revista: 5 / 2020
Anul Publicarii:2020
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Științe socio-umane

Scandinavian Social-Democracy and the Economics of Reformism (1890-1940)

Autor: Cornel BAN
Email: cba.ioa@cbs.dk

Scandinavian Social-Democracy and the Economics of Reformism (1890-1940)

It is boilerplate knowledge that postwar social democracy abandoned Marxism and embraced cross-class alliances before governing as the most economically progressive arm of political liberalism. Yet this is a particularly continental European story. In Scandinavia, transformation had unfurled decades earlier and without much agony. Moreover, in the particular context of Northern Europe, the parliamentary alliance between social-democratic parties and parties representing rural interests established a political hegemony that lasted almost half a century and transformed many of market-society relations there. The German-Scandinavian comparison highlights the limited political value of theoretical sophistication in the history of the reformist Left, challenges the conventional view that social-democracy needed Keynesian macroeconomics to govern the capitalist economy with a clear class agenda and downplays the threat of the Soviets’ authoritarian communism as a domestic political lever. Instead, the article shows that during the 1920s and the 1930s the Scandinavian social-democrats developed indigenous macroeconomic programs that they deployed to win and defend their political power before Keynes’ ideas had been translated into political practice elsewhere. As for the threat of Soviet communism, the case of the (initially) Comintern-affiliated Norwegian social democrats shows that this threat worked not to scare capitalists into giving in to the demands of the office-seeking Left, as the conventional wisdom asserts, but to convince this Left and particularly their labor union base that organized labor interests and Leninist democratic centralism were mutually exclusive political phenomena.

Keywords: social-democracy, Scandinavia. SPD, Keynesianism, underconsumptionism, Bad Godesberg, revisionist Marxism

Balderston, Theo. Economics and politics in the Weimar Republic. Vol. 45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
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Blyth, Mark. Great Transformations: Economic Ideas and Institutional Change in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Brandal, Nik, Øivind Bratberg, and Dag Thorsen. The Nordic Model of Social Democracy. Berlin: Springer, 2013.
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Arte vizuale

Filozofie și studii sociale

Antropologie și etnologie

REVIEW: François Rüegg, La maison paysanne: histoire d’un mythe

Autor: Raluca MATEOC
Email: ralucaanamaria.mateoc@unifr.ch

REVIEW: François Rüegg, La maison paysanne: histoire d’un mythe

Throughout six chapters, the book approaches the construction of the “peasant house” notion since the 18th century until present-day. By means of an ethno-historical vision, the book reveals the extent to which the “peasant house” as an emblem of national culture is an intellectual or ideological contemporary construction. Through the representations and imaginary inspired by the rural house, the author thoroughly configures the history of ideas linked to diverse conceptions of living or of the habitat. The anthropology of heritage, of globalization, or rural anthropology could richly benefit from the typologies, cross-disciplinary references or visual material offered by this book.

Keywords: house, imaginary, rurality, environment, symbolism.

Brumann, Christoph. “Outside the Glass Case: The Social Life of Urban Heritage in Kyoto”, American Ethnologist, Vol.36, No.2 (2009): 276–299.
Mihăilescu, Vintilă. “Something Nice. Pride Houses, Post-peasant Society and the Quest for Authenticity.” Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiology 11, no. 2 (2014): 83–107.
Rüegg, François. La maison paysanne : histoire d’un mythe. Paris: Infolio, 2011.

Sociologie

Științe politice & juridice

Istorie & Antropologie

Studii culturale

Biblioteconomie

Științele limbii

Științele economice

Antropologie. Studii filozofice

Teologie

Studii literare

One Theory’s Underdog Is Another Theory’s Treasure: The Novelistic Genre in Different Regimes of Relevance

Autor: Daiana GÂRDAN
Email: daiana.gardan@lett.ubbcluj.ro

One Theory’s Underdog Is Another Theory’s Treasure:
The Novelistic Genre in Different Regimes of Relevance

My paper aims to present, by means of a metacritical approach, the many shifts and negotiations in the history of understanding and defining the status of the novel as a literary genre, as they are retraced by Galin Tihanov in his latest book The Birth and Death of Literary Theory. Interwoven with many other aspects of Russian literary theory that reverberated within the present paradigm of comparative studies and helped shape the principal framework of world literature, Galin Tihanov’s critical assumptions on the numerous trials regarding the novelistic genre in the Russian theoretical undertakings are of tremendous relevance for a field of study that engages, more than ever, in cracking the many codes of the novelistic world canon.

Keywords: Galin Tihanov, novel, genre theory, Russian theory, world literature.

Apter, Emily. Against World Literature. On the Politics of Untranslatability. London, New York: Verso, 2013.
Baghiu, Ștefan. “The Relative Autonomy of Literature: Romanian Literary Criticism and Theory before World War II.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2020): 29-38.
Bakhtin, Mikhail. Rabelais and His World, translated by Helene Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.
Chiorean, Maria. “Regimes of Relevance: The Newcomers.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2020): 20-28.
Damrosch, David. What is World Literature. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Dimock, Wai Chee, and Lawrence Buell. Shades of the Planet. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.
Dimock, Wai Chee. Through Other Continents. American Literature Across Deep Time. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
Holquist, Michael, ed. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982.
Lúkacs, Georg. The Theory of the Novel, trans. by Anna Bostock. London: The Merlin Press, 1971.
Moretti, Franco, ed. The Novel. History, Geography, and Culture. Volume 1. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.
Moretti, Franco. Graphs, Maps, Trees: Abstract Models for a Literary History. New York: Verso, 2005.
Tihanov, Galin. The Birth and Death of Literary Theory: Regimes of Relevance in Russia and Beyond. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2019.

Regimes of Relevance: The Newcomers

Autor: Maria CHIOREAN
Email: chiorean.r.maria@gmail.com

Regimes of Relevance: The Newcomers

Starting from Galin Tihanov’s thesis that a regime of relevance breeds a particular manner of thinking critically about literature, this essay looks at the birth of World Literature and compares its genesis with that of Russian Formalism. Then, the discussion moves to the evolution of World Literature from a set of apparently universal reading methods to a more localized form of criticism, often intersecting decolonialism. The final section is dedicated to the possible emergence of a new, still obscure regime of relevance by means of participatory art.

Keywords: World Literature, literary theory, bird’s-eye vs. close-up, decolonialism.

Baghiu, Ștefan. “The Relative Autonomy of Literature: Romanian Literary Criticism and Theory before World War II.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2020): 29-38.
Beebee, Thomas O. “Introduction: Departures, Emanations, Intersections.” In German Literature as World Literature, edited by Thomas O. Beebee, 1-22. New York: Bloomsbury, 2014.
Bishop, Claire. Artificial Hells. Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship. New York: Verso, 2012.
Compagnon, Antoine. Cele cinci paradoxuri ale modernității. Cluj: Echinox, 1998.
Damrosch, David. How to Read World Literature. Oxford: Wiley & Blackwell, 2009.
Damrosch, David. What is World Literature? Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Gârdan, Daiana. “One Theory’s Underdog is Another Theory’s Treasure: The Novelistic Genre in Different Regimes of Relevance.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2020): 15-19.
Hitchcock, Peter. “The Ethics of World Literature.” In The Routledge Companion to World Literature, edited by Theo D’haen, David Damrosch & Djelal Kadir. New York: Routledge, 2012.
Iovănel, Mihai. “Temporal Webs of World Literature: Rebranding Games and Global Relevance after the Second World War – Mircea Eliade, E. M. Cioran, Eugène Ionesco.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, 217-233. New York: Bloomsbury, 2018.
Juvan, Marko. Worlding a Peripheral Literature. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.
Krishnaswamy, Revathi. “Toward World Literary Knowledges: Theory in the Age of Globalization.” Comparative Literature 62, no. 4 (Fall 2010): 399-419.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/40962926
Marcos, Sylvia. Femeile indigene și cosmoviziunea decolonială. Cluj: Idea, 2014.
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Pavel, Thomas G. Fictional Worlds. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1986.
Tihanov, Galin. The Birth and Death of Literary Theory. Stanford University Press, 2019.
Ștefănescu, Bogdan. “Romanian Modernity and the Rhetoric of Vacuity: Toward a Comparative Postcolonialism.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, 255-269. New York: Bloomsbury, 2018.
Ungureanu, Delia. From Paris to Tlön: Surrealism as World Literature. New York: Bloomsbury, 2018.
Wallace, David Foster. “E Unibus Pluram: Television and U.S. Fiction.” Review of Contemporary Fiction 13, no.2 (1993).
Wallerstein, Immanuel. World-Systems Analysis. An Introduction. Durham & London: Duke University Press, 2004.

The Relative Autonomy of Literature: Romanian Literary Criticism and Theory Before World War II

Autor: Ștefan BAGHIU
Email: stefan.baghiu@ulbsibiu.ro

The Relative Autonomy of Literature:
Romanian Literary Criticism and Theory Before World War II

This article discusses Galin Tihanov’s understanding of regimes of relevance and their connection to the birth of modern literary theory and argues that Romanian pre-communist literary theory has failed to work with literature as an autonomous domain. Romania’s most preeminent literary critic of the 19th century, Titu Maiorescu, although trying to create a theoretical framework against which poetry could be analyzed, to put it in Tihanov’s words “for some presumed discursive uniqueness,” also saw the relevance of Romanian poetry abroad as a byproduct of its national character – so within a socio-political role. Eugen Lovinescu used the autonomy of literature in order to discriminate against both rural literature and the avant-gardes, failing to accept the autonomy of the literary per se. Baghiu claims that literary theory’s intrinsic connection at birth to the foreign and world literature should never be neglected, and that the cultures of relative literary autonomy most often are the ones in which transnational contacts are undermined in order for the national to prevail. Thus, the birth of literary theory can never be a truly national affair.

Keywords: regimes of relevance, literary autonomy, Galin Tihanov, literary theory, Romanian literary criticism.

Borza, Cosmin. “The National No Man’s Land. Imagining Rurality in the Romanian Literary Histories.” Dacoromania Litteraria VI (2019): 170-180.
Borza, Cosmin. “Translating Against Colonization. Romanian Populist’s Plea for Peripheral Literatures (1890-1916).” In The Culture of Translation in Romania / Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018.
Bourdieu, Pierre. The Rules of Art. Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.
Chiorean, Maria. “Regimes of Relevance: The Newcomers.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2020): 20-28.
Drace-Francis, Alex. The Making of Modern Romanian Culture. Literacy and the Development of National Identity. London, New York: Tauris Academic Studies, 2006.
Dumitru, Teodora. Modernitaeta politică și literară în gândirea lui E. Lovinescu [The Political and Literary Modernity in E. Lovinescu’s Thought]. Bucharest: Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2016.
Dumitru, Teodora. “Social Class Difference and the Evolution of Romanian Literature from Lovinescu’s Perspective (1924-1929).” In Ruralism and Literature in Romania, edited by Ștefan Baghiu, Vlad Pojoga, and Maria Sass, 205-218. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2019.
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Gârdan, Daiana. “Galin Tihanov, The Birth and Death of Literary Theory: Regimes of Relevance in Russia and Beyond.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 5, no.2 (2019). Online at: https://www.metacriticjournal.com/article/141/galin-tihanov-the-birth-and-death-of-literary-theory-regimes-of-relevance-in-russia-and-beyond.
Gârdan, Daiana. “One Theory’s Underdog is Another Theory’s Treasure: The Novelistic Genre in Different Regimes of Relevance.” Transilvania, no. 5 (2020): 15-19.
Goldiș, Alex. “Beyond Nation Building: Literary History as Transnational Geolocation.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian. New York: Bloomsbury, 2018.
Goldiș, Alex. Critica în tranșee. De la realismul socialist la autonomia esteticului [Criticism in Trenches. From Socialist Realism to the Autonomy of the Aesthetics]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 2011.
Kitch, Michael. “Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea and Rumanian Marxism.” The Slavonic and East European Review 55, no.1 (1977): 65-89.
Modoc, Emanuel, and Ștefan Baghiu. “New Paradigms in Contemporary Romanian Literary Studies (I).” Transilvania, no. 5-6 (2019): 13-16.
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Stan, Adriana. Bastionul lingvistic. O istorie comparată a structuralismului în România [The Linguistic Bastion. A Comparative History of Structuralism in Romania]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 2017.
Terian, Andrei. “Critică literară” [Literary Criticism]. In Dicționarul general al literaturii române: C [The General Dictionary of Romaniann Literature: C], edited by Eugen Simion, 801-810. Bucharest: Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2016.
Terian, Andrei. “Mihai Eminescu: From National Mythology to the World Pantheon.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian (New York: Bloomsbury, 2018).
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Terian, Andrei. Critica de export [Export Criticism]. Bucharest: Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2013.
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Tihanov, Galin. The Birth and Death of Literary Theory: Regimes of Relevance in Russia and Beyond (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2019).
Tihanov, Gallin. “Why Did Modern Literary Theory Originate in Central and Eastern Europe? (And Why Is It Now Dead?).” Common Knowledge 10, no. 1 (2004): 61-81.
Trotsky, Leon. „A Trip to the Dobruja.” In The War Correspondence of Leon Trotsky. The Balkan Wars: 1912-13, edited by George Weissman and Duncan Williams. Translated by Brian Pearce, 421-443. New York: Monad Press, 1980.

REVIEW: Romanian Literature as World Literature

Autor: Salma AL REFAEI
Email: salma_al_refaei@yahoo.com

REVIEW: Romanian Literature as World Literature

Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian aims to fill a major gap in local literary research and, most importantly, to offer a more exhaustive and diversified view on Romanian literature in relation to the international stage of canonized authors from different cultures. While the virtually disregarded position that Romania takes on this ‘stage’ could be reckoned as shortcoming, this contribution provides a significant plethora of different views and insights on Romanian literature, as well as its impact in relation to Europe’s undying figures of literature.

Keywords: World Literature, Romanian Literature, international canon, minor literature.

Martin, Mircea, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, eds. Romanian Literature as World Literature. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.

Teorii și ipostaze ale auctorialității în epoca globalizării digitale (1980-2020). Partea I

Autor: Alex CIOROGAR
Email: alex.ciorogar@lett.ubbcluj.ro

Theories and Practices of Authorship in the Age of Digital Globalization (1980-2020). Part I

In current debates of authorship, a somewhat controversial issue has surprisingly been the centuries-old argument surrounding the status of creative subjects. Some academics have briskly asserted that the author is categorically dead. On the other hand, however, others have claimed quite the contrary. As such, an extraordinary number of researchers sustain that the (same) author has made a definite come-back. I will try to show that all debates surrounding the-death-and-return-of-the-author conundrum should readily be discarded since they are directly accountable for the conceptual deadlock we find ourselves in today. Consequently, my paper will focus on emphasizing new ways in which literary scholars could come to terms with what’s unfolding right in front of our eyes: a new regime of authoriality.

Keywords: authorship, ecology of knowledge, conceptual history, the age of digital globalization, the ascension of authorship.

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Braun, Rebecca. “Introduction: The Rise of the World Author from the Death of World Literature.” Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies 51, no. 2 (2015).
Braun, Rebecca. “The World Author in Us All: Conceptualising Fame and Agency in the Global Literary Market.” Celebrity Studies 7, no. 4 (2016).
Brunn, Alain. L’Auteur. Paris: Flammarion, 2001.
Burke, Seán. Authorship: From Plato to the Postmodern. A Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006.
Ciorogar, Alex. “Beyond Print and Invisibility. ‘Translatorship’ in the Age of Digital Globalization.” In The Culture of Translation in Romania/ Übersetzungskultur und Literaturübersetzen in Rumänien, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga (Berlin: Peter Lang, 2018).
Ciorogar, Alex. “The Ecology of Authorial Ascension.” French Studies Bulletin 41, no. 154 (2020): 19-25.
Diaz, José-Luis. L’écrivain imaginaire: Scénographies auctoriales à l’époque romantique. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2007.
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Lahire, Bernard. Omul plural. Către o sociologie psihologică. Iași: Polirom, 2000.
Luhmann, Niklas. Introduction to Systems Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2012.
Maingueneau, Dominique. “Auteur et image d’auteur en analyse du discours.” Argumentation et Analyse du Discours, no. 3 (2009).
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Maingueneau, Dominique. “Le recours à l’ethos dans l’analyse du discours littéraire.” Fabula/Les colloques, Posture d’auteurs: du Moyen Âge à la modernité, September 8 (2014).
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Meizoz, Jérôme, “Modern Posterities of Posture. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.” In Authorship Revisited. Conceptions of Authorship Around 1900 and 2000, edited by Gillis J. Dorleijn, Ralf Grüttemeier, and Liesbeth Korthals Altes. Leuven: Peeters, 2010.
Meizoz, Jérôme. “Ce que l’on fait dire au silence: posture, ethos, image d’auteur.” Argumentation et Analyse du Discours, no. 3 (2009).
Meizoz, Jérôme. La fabrique des singularités. Postures littéraires II. Genève-Paris: Editions Slatkine, 2011.
Meizoz, Jérôme. La Littérature «en personne». Scène médiatique et formes d’incarnation, Genève-Paris: Editions Slatkine, 2016.
Meizoz, Jérôme. Postures littéraires. Mises en scène modernes de l’auteur, Genève-Paris: Editions Slatkine, 2007.
Menger, Pierre-Michel. The Economics of Creativity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014.
Moran, Joe. Star Authors. Literary Celebrity in America. London: Pluto Press, 2000.
Mühlethaler, Jean-Claude, Jérôme Meizoz. “Avant-propos.” Fabula / Les colloques, Posture d’auteurs: du Moyen Âge à la modernité, September 8 2014. http://www.fabula.org/colloques/document2412.php. Accessed May 27 2020.
Pojoga, Vlad. “The Change of Medium and the Medium that Changes: Narrative Literature, Networks, and the Digital.” Transylvanian Review, vol. XXVIII, Supplement 1 (2019): 203-215.
Sapiro, Gisèle. “Authorship and Responsibility. The Case of Emile Zola’s Commitment in The Dreyfus Affair.” In Authorship Revisited. Conceptions of Authorship Around 1900 and 2000, edited by Gillis J. Dorleijn, Ralf Grüttemeier, and Liesbeth Korthals Altes. Leuven: Peeters, 2010.
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Eine ideologische Lesart von Pop

Autor: Ovio OLARU
Email: olaru.ovio@gmail.com

An Ideological Reading of Pop

The present study aims to discuss the emergence and the evolution of 20th century popular culture under an ideological light. The first part of the study discusses the proliferation of popular means of creative expression within post-war United States as a result of a growing distrust in American interventionist policies abroad and argues that in its early stages, mainstream American pop culture, which had ceased to be frowned upon, constituted a form of political dissent cultivated by the Baby Boomer generation. The second part argues that this countercultural legacy was overturned during the 1980s, as popular culture became the official discourse, renouncing its initially reactionary and leftist political core and embracing the capitalist status quo.

Keywords: Pop, Ideological Reading, Postmomdernism, Critical Theory, Frankfurt School.

Adorno, Theodor W., Horkheimer, Max. Dialektik der Aufklärung. Philosophische Fragmente. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Verlag 2010.
Benjamin, Walter. Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1963.
Habermas, Jürgen. Die Moderne — Ein unvollendetes Projekt. Philosophisch-politische Aufsätze, second edition. Leipzig: Reklam Verlag 1992.
Hecken, Thomas, Kleiner, Marcus S. and Menke, André. Popliteratur. Eine Einführung. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler Verlag 2015.
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Weber, Max auth., Lichtblau, Klaus; Weiß, Johannes, coords. Die protestantische Ethik und der „Geist“ des Kapitalismus, new and revised. Frankfurt; Graz: Springer, 2016.

Exil și violență în proza lui Roberto Bolaño

Autor: Rodica GRIGORE
Email: rodica.grigore@gmail.com

Exile and Violence in Roberto Bolaño’s Fiction

One of the most important Latin American writers of the present, the Chilean Roberto Bolaño (1853 – 2003) was always preoccupied by the profound significance of exile within his work – and life. Born in Santiago de Chile but spending his childhood and adolescence in Mexico, where his family had moved in 1968, Bolaño had a tumultuous existence, many interpreters comparing it to a suspense novel. Talking about “literature and exile”, the author expressed his faith in fiction, but also in the capacity of any great writer to truly understand its meanings. For him, literature and art, in general, was not only an aesthetic solution to the challenges of daily life, but the most perfect way to analyze them and to make the readers comprehend the significance of their own existence and fully discover their inner (and true) self.

Keywords: Latin American fiction, violence, exile, identity, mask.

Bolaño, Roberto. Convorbiri telefonice [Phone Calls]. Traducere şi note de Dan Munteanu Colán. Bucharest: Editura Leda, 2011.
Bolaño, Roberto. Entre parentesis [Between Parantheses]. Barcelona: Anagrama, 2004.
Braithwaite, Andrés ed. Bolaño por si mismo. Entrevistas escogidas (edicion revisada). Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales, 2011.
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Figueroa, Sebastian. “Exilio e retorno en la obra de Roberto Bolaño.” Boletin Hispanico Helvetico 21 (2013).
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Quintans, Javier Lopez. “Elementos de transgresion en Llamadas telefonicas, Putas asesinas y El gaucho insufriable de Roberto Bolaño.” Revista de Filologia y Linguistica de la Universidad de Costa Rica 42, no. 2 (2016).
Piglia, Ricardo. Formas breves. Buenos Aires: Grupo Editorial Temas, 1999.
Timmer, Nanne. “Identidad sin rostro o rostro sin identidad en Llamadas telefonicas de Roberto Bolaño.” In Bolaño en sus cuentos, edited by Paula Aguilar and Teresa Basile. Leiden: Almenara, 2015.
Volpi, Jorge. “Bolaño, epidemia.” In Bolaño salvaje, edited by Edmundo Paz Soldano and Gustavo Faveron Patriau. Barcelona, Candaya, 2008.

Seneca și Claudius. Apoteoza răsturnată

Autor: Alexandra CIOCÂRLIE
Email: aciocarlie@gmail.com

Seneca and Claudius. The Overturned Apotheosis

Life’s trials determined Seneca to radically modify his attitude towards the emperor Claudius. Exiled by Claudius, Seneca tries to gain the emperor’s benevolence by an encomiastic writing hidden under the form of a consolation for an influent figure from Claudius’ court, the imperial freedman Polybius. Due to the interventions of Agrippina, Seneca returns to Rome in order to become the mentor of the teenager Nero. After Claudius’ suspect death by poison, Seneca writes a grim lampoon directed against him. In this satire, Seneca is attacking the practice of apotheosis, in other words, the assimilation of the dead sovereigns with the gods, and inserts an apologetic passage for the new emperor Nero.

Keywords: Seneca, Claudius, apotheosis, political satire, consolatory work

Bardon, Henri. Les Empereurs et les lettres latines dʼAuguste à Hadrien [The Emperors and the latin literature / writings from August to Hadrian]. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1940.
Boissier, Gaston. Lʼopposition sous les Césars [The Opposition under the Caesars]. Paris: Librairie Hachette, 1875.
Cassius Dio. Istoria romană [Roman History], vol. 3. Transl. Adelina Piatkowski, foreword by Gh. Ștefan. Bucharest: Editura Științifică, 1985.
Cizek, Eugen. Seneca. Bucharest: Albatros, 1972.
Diderot, Denis. Essai sur les règnes de Claude et de Néron et sur la vie et les écrits de Sénèque pour servir dʼintroduction à la lecture de ce philosophe [Essay on the Reign of Claudius and Nero and on the Life and Works of Seneca as an Introduction to the Reading of This Philosopher]. In Denis Diderot. Oeuvres [Works], tom 11-12. Paris: J.L.J. Brière Libraire, 1821.
Grimal, Pierre, Seneca sau conștiința imperiului [Seneca or the Consciousness of the Empire]. Translated by Barbu and Dan Slușanschi, foreword and notes by Dan Slușanschi. Bucharest: Univers, 1992.
Guțu, G. Lucius Annaeus Seneca: viața, timpul și opera morală [Seneca: Life, Time and Moral Works]. Bucharest: Casa Școalelor, 1944.
Iuvenal. Satire [Satires]. Foreword, translation and notes by G. Guțu. Bucharest: Univers, 1986.
Lucian din Samosata. Istoria adevărată [A True Story]. Translation and notes by Florica Bechet. Bucharest: Paideia, 2000.
Plinius cel Tânăr. Opere complete [The Complete Works]. Translation, notes and foreword by Liana Manolache. Bucharest: Univers, 1977.
Seneca. Apokolokyntosis. Petroniu. Satyricon. Translation, foreword and notes by Eugen Cizek. Bucharest: Editura pentru literatură, 1967.
Seneca/ Dialoguri [Dialogues], vol. 2. Translated by Vichi-Eugenia Dumitru and Ștefania Ferchedău, edited by Ioana Costa, foreword by Anne Bănățeanu. Iași: Polirom, 2004.
Suetonius. Viețile celor doisprezece cezari [The Lives of the Twelve Caesars]. Translated by David Popescu and C. V. Georoc. Bucharest: Editura Științifică, 1958.
Tacitus. Anale [The Annals]. Translated by Andrei Marin, foreword and notes by Nicolae I. Barbu. Bucharest: Editura Științifică, 1964.

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Date arheologice preliminare despre cercetările arheologice de la Alba Iulia- Stația de Salvare (1981)

Autor: Aurel DRAGOTĂ
Email: aurel.dragota@ulbsibiu.ro

Preliminary Archaeological Data Regarding the Archaeological Research from Alba Iulia-Stația de Salvare (1981)

The present article is based upon a series of unpublished information included in the second report regarding the research developed within the Alba Iulia “Stația de Salvare” necropolis in 1981. This concise report was kept in two manuscripts written by Mihai Blăjan and discusses the investigation of a number of 250 Roman and Early Medieval graves at which are added some other complexes (three dwellings from the 8th century and a fountain from the 2nd -3rd centuries. The Roman graves belong to the two rites (inhumation and incineration) and present several variations with regard to the sepulchral pits. In the case of the Roman complexes, one can also observe brick sarcophagi that are still intact or that were ravaged or profaned during the Antiquity period. In some other situations, the already mentioned complexes were damaged by other medieval graves or by municipal and drainage works undertaken within the area of the necropolis. The funerary inventory of the deceased (children and adults) was quite diverse and was composed of buckles, gold and bronze rings, glass beads, dices made out of bone, a clay doll, fibula fragments, hair pins, nails, coins and ceramic or glass pots. As for the Early Medieval graves, part of them can be attributed to the first horizon (the cultural group Blandiana A-Alba Iulia) based on the elements of rite and funeral ritual observed. The rest belongs to the second horizon dating back from the 10th-11th centuries. The deceased (children and adults) were buried in simple pits or in sepulchral pits coated with lithic material and sometimes animal offerings (horses, sheep, bovine, remains of chicken and eggs) were found in the graves. The funerary inventory contains coins, jewelry, household items, weapons and ceramics. The investigations carried out within the necropolis are of outmost importance for the history of the Romanian space from the perspective of the political, military and religious events around 1000. The same emphasis lays also upon the implicit interferences existing between the indigenous community and the enclaves existing in this area (Bulgarians, Magyars). Furthermore, this data is likely to elucidate the situation of Christianity in the area and can also clarify the theory of the so-called “Bălgrad Voivodeship,” the occurrence of which can only be considered during Gyula’s dissidence.

Keywords: Alba Iulia, Transylvania, necropolis, Roman, Middle Ages, offering.

Blăjan, M., and Al. Popa. “Cercetările arheologice de la Alba Iulia-‘Stația de Salvare’.” [The Archaeological Research from Alba Iulia-‘Stația de Salvare’]. In Materiale și Cercetări Arheologice. A XV-a Sesiune Anuală de Rapoarte. Muzeul Județean Brașov, 1981, 376-380. Bucharest, 1983.
Blăjan, M., Cercetările arheologice de la Stația de Salvare (1981) [Archaeological Research from Stația de Salvare (1981)]. mss.
Blăjan, M., E. Stoicovici, and D. Botezatu. “Monedele descoperite în cimitirul feudal timpuriu (sec. XI) de la Alba Iulia – Str. Vânătorilor (1979-1980). Studiu metalografic, numismatic şi etnologic” [Les monnaies découvertes dans ke cimetière feudal ancient (XI e siècle) d’ Akba Iulia – Rue Vînătorilor (1979/1980)]. Apulum, no. XXVII-XXX (1990-1993): 273-292.
Dragotă, Aurel, and M. Blăjan. “Graves with Military Equipment from the Necropolis in Alba‑Iulia ‘Statia de Salvare’ (1979–1981), horizon II*. Orbis Medievalis II. Inter tempora. The Chronology of the Early Medieval Period. Issues, Approaches, Results. Inter tempora. Cronologia perioadei medievale timpurii Probleme, abordări, rezultate.” In Lucrările conferinței naționale Arad, 26–29 septembrie 2018 [Proceedings of the national conference Arad, 26th–29th September 2018], edited by Florin Mărginean, Ioan Stanciu, and Keve László, 197-227 (Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega, 2019).
Dragotă, Aurel. “Morminte cu echipament militar din orizontul II al necropolei de la Alba Iulia- Stația de Salvare (1979-1981)” [Graves with Equipment from the Second Horizon of Alba Iulia-‘Stația de Salvare’ Necropolis (1979-1981)]. Transilvania XLVII (CLI), no. 5-6, (2019): 107-124.
Dragotă, Aurel. “Ofranda de pasăre în necropolele din secolele X-XI de la Alba Iulia” [Bird Offerings in Tenth-Eleventh Century Necropolises from Alba-Iulia]. Transilvania XLVII (CLI), no. 7 (2019): 87-88.
Dragotă, Aurel, and M. Blăjan. “Bird Offerings in the 10th–11th Centuries Necropolises From Alba Iulia*.” Ziridava. Studia Archaeologica, no. 33 (2019): 153-170.

Un tezaur cu monede emise de orașele Apollonia și Dyrrhachium din colecția fostului Muzeu al Asociațiunii Astra

Autor: Silviu I. PURECE
Email: silviu.purece@ulbsibiu.ro

A hoard with coins issued by Apollonia and Dyrrhachium from the collection of former Astra Association’s Museum

In the inventory created to register the archaeological and numismatic artefacts of Astra Association’s Museum, document kept in nowadays at Brukenthal National Museum, some hoards were described. One of them contains 16 coins issued by the Adriatic cities: Apollonia and Dyrrhachium, probably, in the first half of the Ist century BC. Despite the problems found in the descriptions list we succeeded to correct them and to determine the exact structure of the hoard. Unfortunately the mentions from the inventory are the only information usable for scientific purpose, all the coins being lost.

Keywords: Apollonia, Dyrrhachium, Astra Association’s Museum, Dacia, Dacian hoard.

onovici, Niculae. “Aspecte ale circulaţiei drahmelor din Dyrrhachium şi Apollonia în Peninsula Balcanică şi în Dacia” [Aspects of the Circulation oh Drachms from Dyrrhachium and Apollonia in the Baltic Peninsula and in Dacia]. BSNR no. 77-79 (1983-1985): 69-88.
Gyula Petrányi. “Cow-calf Type Greek-Illyrian Drachms from Apollonia and Dyrrhachium: Chronological Questions.” Abgadiyat, no. 5 (2010): 28-32.
Gyula Petrányi. “Gardens of Alkinoos facts or Fiction? On the Reverse Pattern of the Silver Coins from Corcyra, Apollonia and Dyrrhachium.” The Celtor, no. 4 (1998): 22-24.
Gyula Petrányi. “Which name represents the eponymous magistrate on the drachms of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium?.” Numizmatikai Közlöny, no. 106-107 (2007-2008): 75-82.
Iliescu, Octavian. “Bucur Mitrea.” Commission Internationale de Numismatique. Compte rendu, no. 43 (1996): 39-40.
Matei, Pamfil. “Momente ale unui proiect de valoare națională: Muzeul Asociațiunii.” Transilvania, no. 7-8 (2005): 18-19.
Meta, Albana. Le monnayage en argent de Dyrrachion (375-60/55 av. J.-C.). Athens: École Française d’Athènes, 2015.
Petrányi, Gyula. “Relative Chronology Of The Drachms of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium in the Final Period Minting.” Numizmatikai Közlöny, no. 94-95 (1995-1996): 3-16.
Picard, Olivier and Shpresa Gjongecaj, “Le monnayage d’Apollonia à la vache allaitant.” Revue Numismatique, no. 155 (2000): 137–160.
Purece, Silviu I. and Claudiu Munteanu. “Două fragmente de tezaure cu drahme de Apollonia și Dyrrhachium din colecția Muzeului Național Brukenthal” [Two Drachms Thesaurus Fragments of Apollonia and Dyrrhachium in the Brukenthal National Museum Collection]. Pontica, no. 50 (2017): 563-572.
Purece, Silviu I. and Claudiu Munteanu. “Un tezaur conţinând drahme emise de Dyrrhachium şi Apollonia din colecţia Muzeului Naţional Brukenthal (Transilvania II).” [A Thesaurus Containing Drachms Coined by Dyrrhachium and Apollonia from the Collection of the Brukenthal Museum]. Studia Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series Historica, no. XVI (2019): 49 – 75.
Purece, Silviu I., Gheorghe Natea, Vasile Palaghie, and Sabin A. Luca. “The Hoard with Roman Republican and Dyrrhachian Coins from Miercurea Sibiului IV – Highway.” Coinage and Commerce in Southeast Europe, no. VI (2014): 8-47.

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