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2 / 2024

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Transilvania featured 2.2024
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Revista: 2 / 2024
Anul Publicarii:2024
Print ISSN: 0255-0539

Științe socio-umane

Arte vizuale

Filozofie și studii sociale

Antropologie și etnologie

Sociologie

Științe politice & juridice

Istorie & Antropologie

Studii culturale

Buchenwald and Ivan Ivanji’s Impossible Archive: The Voices of the Dead

Autor: Ana R. CALERO VALERA
Email: ana.r.calero@uv.es

Buchenwald and Ivan Ivanji’s Impossible Archive: The Voices of the Dead

Abstract: How and what does the literature on Buchenwald remember? How does the paradox between the impossibility of archiving and the will to rescue the victims of concentration camps, and more specifically of Buchenwald, from anonymity, take shape in literature? The aim of this contribution is to answer these questions by analysing Ivan Ivanji’s novel Der Aschenmensch von Buchenwald [The Man of Ashes of Buchenwald] as an impossible archive containing the voices of the dead of the concentration camp. To this end, the parallels between Ivanji’s novel and the anti-archive created by Danilo Kiš in his text The Encyclopedia of the Dead (A Whole Life) will be explored. Both texts aspire to reflect the (impossible) totality, while paying homage to the anonymous dead of the wars and dictatorships of the 20th century.

Keywords: Holocaust studies, trauma studies, literature and concentration camps, literature and the dead, Ivan Ivanji, Danilo Kiš

Citation suggestion: Calero Valera, Ana R. “Buchenwald and Ivan Ivanji’s Impossible Archive: The Voices of the Dead.” Transilvania, no. 2 (2024): 68-77.

Akrap, Doris. “Geburtstagfeier von Ivan Ivanji. Erzählen gegen den Tod.” taz, February 29, 2019. https://taz.de/Geburtstagsfeier-von-Ivan-Ivanji/!5568954/. Accessed December 14, 2023. [Ivan Ivanji‘s birthday party. Storytelling against death]

Assmann, Aleida. Erinnerungsräume. Formen und Wandlungen des kulturellen Gedächtnisses [Spaces of Memory. Forms and Transformations of Cultural Memory]. München: C.H. Beck, 2018.

Assmann, Aleida. Das neue Unbehagen der Erinnerungskultur. Eine Intervention. [The New Unease of the Culture of Remembrance. An Intervention] München: C.H. Beck, 2016.

“Biographien.” Accessed December 29, 2023. https://totenbuch.buchenwald.de/recherche/biography/reset/true. [Biographies]

“BUCHENWALD MEMORIAL/NATIONAL MONUMENT OF THE GDR.” Accessed December 30, 2023. https://www.buchenwald.de/en/geschichte/historischer-ort/gedenkstaette/mahnmal.

“Die Toten 1937-1945. Konzentrationslager Buchenwald.” Accessed December 29, 2023. https://totenbuch.buchenwald.de/. [The Dead 1937-1945. Buchenwald Concentration Camp]

Doßmann, Axel. “Vereint in der Differenz. Zur Ausstellung ‘Leben – Terror – Geist’. KZ Buchenwald: Porträts von Künstlern und Intellektuellen.” [“United in difference. On the exhibition ‘Life – Terror – Spirit’. Buchenwald Concentration Camp: Portraits of Artists and Intellectuals”] In Kontexte und Kulturen des Erinnerns. Maurice Halbwachs und das Paradigma des kollektiven Gedächtnisses [Contexts and Cultures of Memory. Maurice Halbwachs and the Paradigm of collective Memory], edited by Gerald Echterhoff, & Martin Saar, 181-201. Konstanz: UVK, 2002.

Doßmann, Axel. Volkhard Knigge. Geschichte als Verunsicherung. Konzeptionen für ein historisches Begreifen des 20. Jahrhunderts [Volkhard Knigge. History as Uncertainty. Concepts for a Historical Understanding of the 20th Century]. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2020.

Ivanji, Ivan. Der Aschenmensch von Buchenwald [The Man of Ashes of Buchenwald]. Wien: Picus, 1999.

Ivanji, Ivan. Mein schönes Leben in der Hölle [My Beautiful Life in Hell]. Wien: Picus, 2014.

“Ivan Ivanji.” Accessed December 14, 2023. https://www.buchenwald.de/en/geschichte/biografien/ltg-ausstellung/ivan-ivanji.

“Ivan Ivanji.” Accessed December 14, 2023. https://liberation.buchenwald.de/en/buchenwald-memorial/ivan-ivanji.

Kiš, Danilo. The Encyclopedia of the Dead (A Whole Life). In The Encyclopedia of the Dead, 30-55. Translated by Michael Henry Heim. London: Penguin Books, 2015.

Klei, Alexandra. Der erinnerte Ort. Geschichte durch Architektur. Zur baulichen und gestalterischen Repräsentation der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager [The Remembered Place. History through Architecture. On the Architectural and Creative Representation of the National Socialist Concentration Camps] Bielefeld: transcript, 2011.

Knigge, Volkhard, and Sybille Steinbacher. Geschichte von gestern für Deutsche von morgen? Die Erfahrung des Nationalsozialismus und historisch-politisches Lernen in der (Post-) Migrationsgesellschaft [Yesterday’s History for Tomorrow’s Germans? The Experience of National Socialism and Historical-Political Learning in the (Post-) Migration Society]. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2019.

Kogon, Eugen. Der SS-Staat. Das System der deutschen Konzentrationslager [The SS State. The System of German Concentration Camps]. München: Heyne, 1991.

Martin, Marco. “So habe ich Buchenwald überlebt.” [How I survived Buchenwald] Welt, January 27, 2018. https://www.welt.de/kultur/literarischewelt/article172904470/Eine-Begegnung-mit-Ivan-Ivanji.html. Accessed December 14, 2023.

Nicolosi, Riccardo. “Das Enzyklopädische in der ‘Enzyklopädie der Toten’ von Danilo Kiš” [“The Encyclopedic in the ‘Encyclopedia of the Dead’ by Danilo Kiš”]. Die Welt der Slaven LVI, (2011): 198-216.

“Online Book of the Dead.” Accessed December 29, 2023. https://www.dora.de/de/recherche/onlinetotenbuch.

Thompson, Mark. “Introduction: Danilo Kiš and pocket-sized novels.” In Danilo Kiš. The Encyclopedia of the Dead, ix-xiv. London: Penguin Books, 2015.

“Topf & Sons – Builders of the Auschwitz Ovens.” Accessed January 2, 2024. https://www.topfundsoehne.de/ts/en/site/history/index.html.

“Totenbuch. Sowjetisches Speziallager Nr. 2.” [Book of the Dead. Soviet Special Camp No. 2] Accessed December 29, 2023. https://totenbuch-speziallager.buchenwald.de/recherche/.

Wolf-Griesshaber, Katharina. “Nachwort” [“Epilogue”]. In Danilo Kiš. Die Enzyklopädie der Toten, 59-65. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2017.

Retribalizarea culturală globală

Autor: Bogdan SĂRĂTEAN
Email: bisteatru@gmail.com

The Global Cultural Retribalization

Abstract: The present study is focused on some recent developments in the relationship between culture and technology. The consequences of unprecedented technological development are directly detectable in the evolution of global culture: individual anguish, existential dilemmas, isolation, they all contribute to a new image of a post-historical culture, ironically situated after post-modernism. At the social level, the development of everyday gadgets, with their functions, conveniences and new meanings, has led to irreversible changes, to deontological dependence, to the reactivation of ancestral communication channels. Following the ideational framework proposed by Foucault, irrationality, or more elegantly put mythical, oral-auditory thought, has been exiled for centuries in madness; through the development of print culture, discourses not accepted by reason have been marginalized. Since modernity, the secularisation of religions has been a phenomenon generated precisely by the supremacy of Reason, of the written word. Myths, conspiracies, pseudo-science, all seem now to be taking their revenge. Reason is being pushed aside by this new and unique medium: the online medium.

Keywords: culture and technology, alienation, retribalization, Marshall McLuhan, world wide web, nostalgia, melancholy

Citation suggestion: Sărătean, Bogdan. “Retribalizarea culturală globală.”Transilvania, no. 02 (2024): 78-86.

youcas giriş

Brook, Peter. Spațiul gol [The Empty Space]. București: Nemira, 2014.

Carothers, John Colin. Cultură, psihiatrie şi cuvânt scris [Culture, Psychiatry and the Written Word]. Psychiatry, no. 11 (1959): 307-320.

Cruttwell, Patrick. The Shakespearean Moment and its Place in the Poetry of the 17th Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 1955.

Fukuyama, Francis. Sfârșitul istoriei? [The End of History and the Last Man]. București: Vremea, 1994.

Ionesco, Eugène. Note și contranote [Notes and Counter Notes], București: Humanitas, 1992.

McLuhan, Marshall. Să înțelegem media. Extensii ale omului [Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man]. București: Curtea Veche, 2011.

Russell, Bertrand. Istoria filosofiei occidentale, vol. I [A History of Western Philosophy. Vol. I]. București: Humanitas, 2005.

Schiappa, Edward. Protagoras and Logos. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2003.

Smith, Irwin. Shakespeare’s Globe Playhouse. New York: Scribner’s Sons, 1956.

Starobinski, Jean. Melancolie, nostalgie, ironie [Melancholy, Nostalgia, Irony]. Pitești: Paralela 45, 2002.

Trotter, David. „The Making of the Reader”. In Colin MacCabe (coord.), The Language, Discourse, Society Reader. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

Biblioteconomie

Științele limbii

O cercetare asupra fitonimelor românești create cu ajutorul termenului de origine latină „iarbă” IV

Autor: Radu DRĂGULESCU
Email: radu.dragulescu@ulbsibiu.ro

A RESEARCH ON ROMANIAN PHYTONIMS CREATED WITH THE LATIN ORIGINATED TERM „IARBĂ” (HERB) IV

Abstract: Our paper aims to reveal an inventory, an interpretation and a statistical analysis of Romanian names of plants which implicates the term „iarbă” (herb, grass), spread through the botanical terminology, a phenomenon which, as considered by E. Coşeriu is not enough highlighted (given that the individual speaker became creator of language / poetry whenever he named a flower. Botanical popular terminology has primarily a practical value, designating, distinguishing and categorizing elements of the plant kingdom within the given natural reign, but also has a high theoretical significance, especially for linguists, both by the ethimons to which they send back and by the metaphorical meanings the phytonims mostly have. Phytonys could be an important starting point in any kind of research, as they constitute a true linguistic and cultural heritage.

Keywords: Romanian phytonyms, ethnobothany, linguistic imaginary, herb, grass, iarbă

Citation suggestion: Drăgulescu, Radu. “O cercetare asupra fitonimelor românești create cu ajutorul termenului de origine latină iarbă IV.” Transilvania, no. 02 (2024): 87-96.

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by a grant of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS/CCCDI – UEFISCDI, project number PN-IV-P8-8.1-PRE-HE-ORG-2023-0035, within PNCDI IV

Bibliography

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Ciorănescu, Alexandru. Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române [The Etymological Dictionary of the Romanian Language]. Bucharest: Editura Saeculum I.O., 2002.

Dicționarul limbii române [Romanian Language Dictionary], Tomul VI, F-I/Î, [Tome VI, F-I/Î]. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 2010.

Drăgulescu, Constantin, Radu Drăgulescu. Considerații asupra unor lexeme daco-geto-trace [Considerations on some Geto-Dacian Lexemes]. Sibiu: Editura Universităț ii „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, 2014.

Drăgulescu, Constantin, Radu Drăgulescu. Contribu̧tii la cunoaşterea limbii geto-dacilor. Denumirile dacice de plante [Contributions to the Knowledge of the Geto-Dacians: Dacian Plant Names]. Sibiu: Editura Universită̧tii „Lucian Blaga”, 2000.

Drăgulescu, Constantin. Dicționar de fitonime românești [Romanian Phytonyms Dictionary]. Sibiu: Editura Universităț ii „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, 2018.

Drăgulescu, Constantin. Dicționarul explicativ al fitonimelor românești [The Explanatory Dictionary of Romanian Phytonyms]. Sibiu: Editura Universităț ii „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, 2018.

Drăgulescu, Radu. “Analiza sensurilor conotative și denotative ale lexemului lup în cadrul fitonimiei românești” [“Analysis of the Connotative and Denotative Meanings of the Term ,lup’ (Wolf) in Romanian Phytonimy”]. The Proceedings of the European Integration Between Tradition and Modernity Congress, 5 (Târgu Mures, 2013): 511-521.

Drăgulescu, Radu. ”Considerații lingvistice cu privire la fitonimele româneşti create cu ajutorul termenului „urs” [“Linguistic Observations on Romanian Phytonyms Created with the Term ,urs’ (Bear)]”]. in The Proceedings of the European Integration Between Tradition and Modernity Congress, (ISI Proceedings), 6, (Targu-Mures, 2015): 234-247.

Drăgulescu, Radu. “Analysis of the Connotative and Denotative Meanings of the Terms Belonging to the Wordfamily ‘Dog’ as they are Used in the Romanian Phytonyms”. In Studia Universitatis Petru Maior. Philologica, no. 20 (2016): 60-74.

Drăgulescu, Radu. „Considerații lingvistice cu privire la fitonimele românești create cu ajutorul termenului ,șarpe’.” [Linguistic Observations on Romanian Phytonims Created with the Term ,șarpe’ (Serpent)]. Analele Universității „Ovidius” din Constanța, Seria Filologie, XXVII, (2), (2016): 305-317. http://www.diacronia.ro/en/indexing/details/A24379/pdf.

Drăgulescu, Radu. “Linguistic Considerations on Romanian phytonyms Created with the Latin Originated Term ,Pâmânt ’ (Earth). Journal of Romanian Literary Studies, 9 (Târgu Mureș: Editura Arhipeleag XXI Press, 2016): 52-64.

Drăgulescu, Radu, “Analiza sensurilor connotative și denotative ale albinei în cadrul fitonimiei românești” [“Analysis of the connotative and denotative meanings of the bee within the Romanian phytonymy”]. Transilvania, no. 3 (2017): 79-85.

Științele economice

Antropologie. Studii filozofice

Teologie

Studii literare

Postmodernismul românesc s-a născut din tezele din iulie și din crizele petrolului

Autor: Costi ROGOZANU
Email: costel.rogozanu@ubbcluj.ro

Romanian Postmodernism Was Born of the July Thesis and the Crisis of Petroleum

Abstract: The “July Theses” were a strange start to Romanian postmodernism. Nicolae Ceausescu’s speech was filled with postmodern ideas that wanted to break the tyrannical, authoritarian, “grand” author. After all, what he announced was that the most important thing for future socialism was mass-culture and that the modernist emphasis should be urgently toned down by reallocating funds to entertainment. With his July Theses, Ceausescu was in fact announcing the collapse of the domination of the literary medium. To make the polycrisis scenario perfect, the gesture was followed by oil crises that consistently thinned resources in the literary field, followed by IMF borrowing and crushing austerity. Western postmodernism was born out of the abundance of postwar revival. Eastern postmodernism was born out of the dream of abundance, out of the trafficking of mass culture to the black-market. It was born out of austerity.

Keywords: July Thesis, Ceausescu, polycrisis, postmodernism, Romanian literature

Anderson, Perry. Originile postmodernității [Origins of Postmodernity], translated by Lelia Marcău. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Idea, 2010.

Baghiu, Ștefan, and Costi Rogozanu. “The Death of a Communist Superstar: Marin Preda’s Last Novel and the Rise of Black-Market Postmodernism.” In Beyond the Iron Curtain: Revisiting the Literary System of Communist Romania, edited by Ștefan Baghiu, Ovio Olaru, and Andrei Terian, 149-160. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2021.

Baghiu, Ștefan. “Bătăliile postmodernismului românesc: Ion Bogdan Lefter – «Postmodernism. Din dosarul unei «bătălii» culturale»” [The Battles of Romanian Postmodernism]. Transilvania, no. 11 (2016): 73-78.

Ban, Cornel. Dependență și dezvoltare [Dependency and Development]. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2014.

Cărtărescu, Mircea, Traian T. Coșovei, Florin Iaru, and Ion Stratan, Aer cu diamante [Sky with Diamonds]. Bucharest: Humanitas 2010.

Cărtărescu, Mircea. Postmodernismul românesc [Romanian Postmodernism]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2010 [1999].

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Manolescu, Nicolae. Istoria critică a literaturii române [The Critical History of Romanian Literature]. Pitești: Paralela45, 2008.

Martin, Mircea. “D’un postmodernisme sans rivages et d’un postmodernisme sans postmodernité.” Euresis, nouvelle série, nr. 1-4 (2009).

Matei, Alexandru. “Realul care anulează fantasma” [The Real that Abolishes the Phantasma]. Cultura, December 17, 2017.

Matei, Alexandru. O tribună captivantă: televiziune, ideologie, societate în România socialistă (1965-1983) [A Captivating Tribune: Television, Ideology, Society in Socialist Romania (1965-1983)]. Bucharest: Curtea Veche, 2013.

Nemoianu, Virgil. “Notes sur l’état de postmodernité.” Euresis, no. 1-2 (1995): 18-25.

Terian, Andrei. “Sindromul «Frederic» sau Jameson în România” [The ‘Frederic’ Syndrome or Jameson in Romania]. In Fredric Jameson, Postmodernismul sau logica culturală a capitalismului târziu [Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism], translated by Alex Văsieș and Vlad Pojoga. Sibiu: Editura ULBS, 2021.

Strategii ale discursului critic despre postumanism: concepte, direcții, metaistorii

Autor: Emanuel LUPAȘCU
Email: emanuel.lupascu@ubbcluj.ro

Abstract: This study delves into the intersection of post-2000 Romanian criticism and historiography with global theoretical discourses, emphasizing the application of posthumanism in metaliterary contexts. It employs theories of Hayden White, Andrei Terian, and Cary Wolfe to navigate the narrative aspects of the critical imagination, examining how posthumanism is manifested in recent discourse in terms of its historical, ideological, and methodological dimensions. The research includes a diverse range of sources, such as the anthology Posthumanism, literary historical chapters by Mihai Iovănel, academic articles by Bogdan Vișan and Andrada Strugaru, and monographs by Radu Vancu. This exploration reveals that these sources mostly align with contextualist arguments, tracing a literary and metaliterary historical trajectory structured by liberalism, as well as by elements of radicalism and conservatism. The articles, essays, book chapters, and monographs cited here often approach these ideas with an empathetic stance towards theoretical adaptation. By utilizing Cary Wolfe’s analytical framework, the study identifies a dominant trend of humanist posthumanism and posthumanist humanism influencing critical perspectives. However, it also highlights a lack of studies that fully acquire posthuman(ist) epistemologies and protocols as they are manifested in Western academia and activist fields.

Keywords: Posthumanism, Romanian Literary Criticism, Historiography, Critical Imaginary, Metahistory, Ideological Analysis.

Baghiu, Ștefan, Ovio Olaru, and Andrei Terian, eds. Beyond the Iron Curtain: Revisiting the Literary System of Communist Romania. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2021.

Bâlici, Mihnea. “Postumanismul românesc” [Romanian Posthumanism]. Vatra, no. 5 (2019): 31-33.

Barnett, Scot. “Perspectives on Cultural and Posthumanist Rhetorics.” Rhetoric Review 38, no. 4 (2019): 375-401.

Bocai, Iulian. Eseuri [Essays]. București: Tracus Arte, 2023.

Braidotti, Rosi. Postumanul [The Posthuman]. Translated by Ovidiu Anemțoaicei. Bucharest: Hecate, 2016.

Butterfield, Elizabeth, Sartre and Posthumanist Humanism. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2012.

Cărtărescu, Mircea. Postmodernismul românesc [Romanian Postmodernism]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2010.

Cernat, Paul. “Postmodernismul radical” [Radical Postmodernism]. In Postumanismul, edited by Alex Ciorogar, 189-192. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2019.

Ciorogar, Alex, ed. Postumanismul [Posthumanism]. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2019.

Cistelecan, Alex. “Idealismul mecanicist” [Mechanistic idealism]. In Postumanismul, edited by Alex Ciorogar, 205-208. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2019.

Clinci, Daniel. “Crossing Paths: The Case for an Eco-Critical Posthumanism.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 9, no. 2 (2023): 120-135.

Codoban, Aurel. “Omul în postumanism” [The human in posthumanism]. In Postumanismul, edited by Alex Ciorogar, 97-101. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2019.

Diamant, Cristina. “Ce sperăm că va fi postumanul?” [What do we hope the posthuman will be?]. In Postumanismul, edited by Alex Ciorogar, 49-53. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2019.

Ferrando, Francesca. Philosophical Posthumanism. Preface by Rosi Braidotti. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019.

Fotache, Oana, Magda Răduță, and Adrian Tudurachi. Dus-întors. Rute ale teoriei literare în postmodernitate [Routes of Literary Theory in Postmodernity]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2016.

Giraud, Eva. “The ‘Posthumanits’. Cary Wolfe and Donna Harraway.” In The Routledge Handbook of Vegan Studies, edited by Laura Wright, 50-61. London: Routledge, 2021.

Iovănel, Mihai. Istoria literaturii române contemporane: 1990-2020 [History of contemporary Romanian literature: 1990-2020]. Iași: Polirom, 2021.

Jameson, Fredric. The Ideologies of Theory. London & New York: Verso, 2008.

Lukács, Georg. “Ideology of Modernism.” In The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends, edited by David H. Richter, 1218-1232. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2007.

Lupașcu, Emanuel. “Metamodernismul în teorie și în practică.  Pentru o conceptualizare a modernității singulare în câmpul literar românesc” [Metamodernism in Theory and Praxis: Towards a Conceptualization of Singular Modenity in the Romanian Literary Field]. Transilvania, no. 5-6 (2023): 24-34.

Lupașcu, Emanuel. “Postumanismul și poezia română contemporană” [Posthumanism And Contemporary Romanian Poetry]. Transilvania, no. 6-7 (2022): 44-57.

Lupașcu, Emanuel. “Postumanul ca world literature. Cazul SF-ului românesc interbelic” [The Posthuman as World Literature: The Case of Interwar Romanian Science Fiction]. Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2022): 35-44.

Malomfălean, Laurențiu. “Post-ism”. In Postumanismul, edited by Alex Ciorogar, 86-88.

Mihalache, Vasile. “Împotriva suprematismului estetic. O perspectivă postumanistă” [Against aesthetic suprematism. A posthumanist perspective]. In Post/h/um. Jurnal de studii (post)umaniste; https://posthum.ro/blog/vasile-mihalache-impotriva-suprematismului-estetic/.

Moraru, Christian. “Literary Historiography as Event: Mihai Iovănel’s History of Contemporary Romanian Literature: 1990-2020.” Transilvania, no. 7-8 (2021): 1-13.

Nealon, Jeffrey T. Post-postmodernism, or, The cultural logic of just-in-time capitalism. Standford: Standford University Press, 2012.

Pavel, Laura. “Critica lui «post» – cum am devenit «filo-umani»” [Criticism of ‘post’ – how we became ‘philo-human’]. In Postumanismul, edited by Alex Ciorogar, 129-133. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2019.

Perța, Cosmin. “Iluzia autonomiei esteticului” [The illusion of Aesthetic Autonomy]. literomania, January 15, 2022. https://www.litero-mania.com/iluzia-autonomiei-esteticului/.

Petroșel, Daniela. “O post/stare a umanismului” [A post/estate of humanism]. In Postumanismul, edited by Alex Ciorogar, 54-59. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2019.

Pop, Doru. “Înainte de postumanism, ar trebui să descoperim umanismul” [Before posthumanism, we should discover humanism]. In Postumanismul, edited by Alex Ciorogar, 60-66. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2019.

Rockhill, Gabriel. “The CIA & the Frankfurt School’s Anti-Communism.” Los Angeles Review of Books, June 27, 2022. https://thephilosophicalsalon.com/the-cia-the-frankfurt-schools-anti-communism/.

Stan, Adriana. “Arheologii ale prezentului în Istoria literaturii române contemporane: 1990-2020” [Archaeologies of the Present in The History of Contemporary Romanian Literature: 1990-2020]. Transilvania, no. 7-8 (2021): 61-66.

Stan, Adriana. “Autenticitate și ideologii în literatura douămiistă” [Authenticity and Ideologies in the Literature of the 2000s]. Transilvania, no. 8 (2020): 1-6.

Strugaru, Andrada. “Reprezentări ale animalelor și dislocarea antropocentrismului în poezia română postdouămiistă” [Representations of Animals and the Dislocation of Anthropocentrism in Romanian Poetry of the 2000s]. Transilvania, no. 5-6 (2023): 1-11.

Terian, Andrei. “Representing Romanian Communism: Evolutionary Models and Metanarrative Scenarios.” In Beyond the Iron Curtain. Revisiting the Literary System of Communist Romania, edited by Ștefan Baghiu, Ovio Olaru, and Andrei Terian, 23-42. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2021.

Terian, Andrei. Citica de export: teorii, contexte, ideologii [Export Criticism: Theories, Contexts, Ideologies]. Bucharest: Editura Muzeului Literaturii Române, 2013.

Terian, Andrei. Teorii, metode și strategii de lectură în critica și istoriografia literară românească de la T. Maiorescu la E. Lovinescu: o abordare comparatistă [Theories, Methods, and Strategies of Reading in Romanian Literary Criticism and Historiography from T. Maiorescu to E. Lovinescu: a comparative approach]. Bucharest: Editura Muzeului Național al Literaturii Române, 2013.

Vancu, Radu. “Postumanul. Mic manual de întrebuințare” [Posthuman. A short user manual]. In Postumanismul, edited by Alex Ciorogar, 67-75. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2019.

Vancu, Radu. Elegie pentru uman: o critică a modernității poetice de la Pound la Cărtărescu [Elegy for the Human: a critique of poetic modernity from Pound to Cărtărescu]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2016.

Vișan, Bogdan. “Este postumanismul un metamodernism? Convergențe și divergențe în poezia română contemporană” [Is Posthumanism Metamodernism? Convergences and Divergences in Contemporary Romanian Poetry]. Transilvania, no. 5-6 (2023): 42-52.

Wallace, Jeff. “Literature and Posthumanism.” Literature Compass, no. 7-8 (2010): 692–701.

White, Hayden. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore & London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.

Wolfe, Cary. What is Posthumanism? London: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

Zeltil, Yigru. “Postumaniștii” [The posthumanists]. In Postumanismul, edited by Alex Ciorogar, 139-146. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2019.

Domesticating the Vampire Trope Through Translation: The Case of the Two 1897 Translations of Jules Verne’s Le château des Carpathes (1892)

Autor: Anca Simina MARTIN
Email: anca.martin@ulbsibiu.ro

Abstract: One of the earliest and most important works of vampire literature to be translated into Romanian is Jules Verne’s Le château des Carpathes (1892), which saw no less than two renditions in 1897, the year in which Bram Stoker released his famous Dracula: Victor Onișor’s, published in the then Austro-Hungarian province of Transylvania and an anonymous version, serialized in a Bucharest-based publication from Romania. Although not comparable in terms of production value and critical reception, the two translations find common ground in the fact that they reduce the already minimal presence of vampires in the French author’s work in favor of the local “strigoi.” This domesticating practice, witnessed as late as 2009 in the case of renditions from the Romanian, appears to have applied in the opposite direction as well, which contributed to a belated association of the term “vampire,” heavily influenced by the late nineteenth-century political and pop culture discourses from the West, with the bloodthirsty monster popularized by Stoker.

Keywords: domestication, Dracula, Bram Stoker, Jules Verne, Le château des Carpathes, strigoi, Transylvania, vampire

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Convenția literară ca playground: expresia joculară în scrierile avangardistului Grigore Cugler

Autor: Cătălin ȘUTEU
Email: actalin20@gmail.com

The Literary Convention as Playground: Jocular Expression in Grigore Cugler’s Works

Abstract: This paper aims to revisit Grigore Cugler’s prose from the perspective of jocular language expressions, which come to form a virtual world, I argue, similar to Richard Burtle’s MUDs. I provide context regarding the marginal role Grigore Cugler occupies in the field of East-Central European avant-garde and the mechanisms by which he differentiates himself from other avant-garde prose writers. To follow this virtual construction, I distinguish between literality and literariness in his works, contextualizing the position of avant-garde prose in regard to the Romanian literary landscape. Then, I intend to trace how Grigore Cugler created an automythologizing virtual world by means of jocular language that allowed for the infinite extension of that literary universe. In this sense, a revision of Grigore Cugler is possible through the grid of a literature practiced for its own sake, in order to extend its meanings and automythologize its world. Hence, the aim of my article is to analyse the form of an exemplary type of avant-garde prose, without paying attention to its shock-value intention. Given that the avant-garde literary universe has been treated summarily by critics, often imposing ‘the absurd’ as an umbrella term, the novelty of this research lies in the framing of Grigore Cugler’s prose within a convention of play, through the analysis of language.

Key Words: Grigore Cugler, avant-garde, jocular expression, multi-user dungeon, playground

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    Modoc, Emanuel. “Câteva revizitări ale conceptelor de modernism și avangardă în discursul critic și istoriografic contemporan” [Some Revisitations of the Concepts of Modernism and Avant-garde in Contemporary Critical and Historiographical Discourse]. Transilvania, no. 7 (2019).

    Modoc, Emanuel. Internațioanala periferiilor: rețeaua avangardelor din Europa Centrală și de Est [The International of Peripheries. Avant-Garde Networks of East-Central Europe]. Bucharest: Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2020.

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    Țăranu, Ana. “REVIEW: Emanuel MODOC, The International of Peripheries. Avant-Garde Networks of East-Central Europe [Internaționala periferiilor. Rețeaua avangardelor din Europa Centrală și de Est], Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2020, ISBN 978-973-167-541-1, 267 p.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 6, no. 1 (2020).

Strategii literare subversive în lupta dintre o literatură marginalizată și canon: o lectură a romanului Europolis

Autor: Iulia-Maria VÎRBAN
Email: iulia.maria.virban@gmail.com

Subversive Literary Strategies and the Battle Between “Marginalized” Literature and Canon: A Reading of Europolis

Abstract: Accused, on the one hand of the danger of scarcity, and, on the other, of the danger of marginalization, children’s literature in the interwar period is often associated with clichéd labels, such as “minor literature”, without the latter being understood in the direction proposed by Deleuze. On the contrary, the meaning of the term is strictly pejorative, and it marks the dissolution into mediocrity of the texts recovered from the above-mentioned category. So, the intention of the present paper is to propose a case study of the novel Europolis written by Jean Bart, aiming to identify some interpretative tools detected at the level of the text with the aim of reinstating the status of this literary genre on the canonical stage. The poporanist ideological direction assumed by the author in all his writings, the unusual linguistic images given by the nicknames attributed to the characters (Penelope, the American, etc.), their actions, enhanced and predictable like in a soap opera –all contribute to the generation of necessary aspects in the panorama of a motley community subjected to social criticism when read in a subversive key. The construction of the narrative context around the port of Sulina involves a metaphor of openness (to otherness, various cultural/social inflections, etc.), but is dismantled by the author by means of actors regulated by the preliminaries of a capitalist society, against which the writing is reactionary, given the final failure of the character (see the curiosity aroused by the return of the character called the American, suspected of possessing an enormous fortune, a situation debunked at the end of the novel). Thus, the novel Europolis written by Jean Bart creates a pre-text, through entertainment and an engaging tone, to highlight the shortcomings of a collective fascinated by all that the West can offer, but unable to solve its own social and cultural emergencies, because of an organic hypocrisy which is ultimately sufficient for the final decline of all the characters.

Keywords: Europolis, Jean Bart, children’s literature, subversive dimension, reactionary writing, capitalism

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    Terian, Andrei, Teona Farmatu, Cosmin Borza, Dragoș Varga, Alex Văsieș, and David Morariu. “Genurile romanului românesc (1933-1947). O analiză cantitativă” [The Genres of the Romanian Novel (1933-1947): A Quantitative Analysis]. Revista Transilvania, no. 9 (2021): 43-54.

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Making the Intermediaries: The Romanian Book Market in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century Between Economics and Culture

Autor: Ioana MOROȘAN
Email: morosan.gyongyi@gmail.com

Abstract: The present paper is the first introductory entry of a research project that largely questions the autonomy of Romanian publishing infrastructure during the last part of the nineteenth Century (1860-1900). More specifically, I endeavor to shape the limits of the professionalization of the Romanian publishing field in the last decades of the nineteenth Century, a pivotal period regarding the establishment of the professional profile of the publisher and the role of intermediaries in the local literary field. The degree of professionalization is understood concerning the field’s degree of autonomy. As a minor culture that after the 1848 Revolution built the national agenda around the foundation of national cultural and linguistic identity, the Romanian publishing field faced two great impediments: the subsumption of the editorial agenda by national stakes, and a poor educational and academic infrastructure. The latter affected the formation of specific competencies of cultural agents responsible for the dissemination of cultural products, on the one hand, while the former is responsible for the reduction of readership, on the other. The involvement of foreign intellectuals in Romanian literary life compensated for this lack of skills in making culture, especially in widening access to culture. Furthermore, the economic aspect made difficult publishing activities by the insertion of this quite fragile economic sector into the market system. This fact determined publishers to ultimately replace the cultural and literary stakes with commercial ones. From this standpoint, publishers and editors are first defined as merchants and then as cultural agents. The introduction of the first copyright legislation, in 1862, does not balance the asymmetric relationship between writers and publishers, both interests revolving rather out of pure cultural recognition and symbolic gain. Thus, I attempt to highlight the significant contributions of foreign intermediaries especially concerning the economic and national constraints.

Keywords: Romanian publishing infrastructure, editors, economic constraints, copyright legislation, professionalization.

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Amintire și rememorare în romanele lui Miguel Delibes

Autor: Rodica GRIGORE
Email: rodica.grigore@ulbsibiu.ro

Remembering and Memory in Miguel Delibes’ Novels

Abstract: Often considered one of the most representative Spanish writers of the 20th century, Miguel Delibes (1920 – 2010) carefully avoided the extreme formal innovations that may be found within some of his contemporaries’ works, like Camilo José Cela or Juan Goytisolo, in order to put into question, using certain rather traditional techniques and narrative strategies, the importance of history and especially human being’s ability to cope with all the challenges implied by the relationship between the personal past and the great Spanish historical events. The Civil War is one of the most important moments of the national past and in a way or another, all Delibes’ characters try to find the perfect strategy to understand their own present and also to address the fratricide confrontation that literally marked the modern history of Spain. On the other hand, the protagonists permanently reevaluate their personal history and do their best to explain their own behavior or to remember their loved ones within long soliloquies (like in the novel Five Hours with Mario) or profound dialogues (in Woman in Red against a Grey Background).

Keywords: Spanish Civil War, historic fiction, 20th century novel, memory, remembrance, psychological fiction.

Bibliography

Delibes, Miguel. Cinci ore cu Mario [Five Hours with Mario]. Translated by Tudora Şandru Mehedinţi. Bucharest: RAO Publishing Company, 2009.

Delibes, Miguel. Doamnă în roşu pe fundal cenuşiu [Woman in Red against a Grey Background]. Translated by Tudora Şandru Mehedinţi. Bucharest: RAO Publishing Company, 2006.

Cruz, Juan. Entrevista con Miguel Delibes: „Me cansa pensarme”. El País, December 9, 2007. https://elpais.com/diario/2007/12/09/eps/1197185211_850215.html.

de Frutos Dávalos, Alberto. Breve historia de la literatura española. Madrid & Barcelona: Ediciones Nowtilus, 2016.

Rico, Francisco, Ynduráin, Domingo. Historia y crítica de la literatura española. Época contemporánea: 1939 – 1980. Madrid: Editorial Crítica, 1981.

Umbral, Francisco. Miguel Delibes, Madrid: EPESA, 1970.

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