11-12 / 2024

Revista: 11-12 / 2024

Anul Publicarii:2024

Print ISSN: Print ISSN 0255-0539; Electronic ISSN 3061-2217

Științe socio-umane

Arte vizuale

Filozofie și studii sociale

Antropologie și etnologie

Sociologie

Științe politice & juridice

Istorie & Antropologie

Studii culturale

Utilitate și riscuri în materia internetului obiectelor – provocări ale inteligenței artificiale

Autor: Călina JUGASTRU

Email: calina.jugastru@ulbsibiu.ro

Rezumat

Usefulness and Risks of the Internet of Things – Challenges of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract: In the context of the rule of law, artificial intelligence is at the forefront of challenges. Recently published in the Official Journal of the European Union (Series L/12.07.2024), the Artificial Intelligence Regulation amending a series of legal acts (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) Artificial intelligence is a rapidly evolving family of technologies that contribute to a wide range of economic, environmental and societal benefits across the full spectrum of industries and societal activities. The upheavals at European and national level are visible, in recent years, in diverse matters: autonomous vehicles, autonomous drones, ChatGPT, robots (chatbots, deadbots, companion bots), deep-fake, blockchain, smart contracts, digital justice. Binding regulation was needed. From the applications as a whole, we are considering a subject that raises legal questions. The Internet of Things (Internetof Things, internet des objets) is a concept covering multiple realities. Connected 1xbet vip objects are an integral part of the everyday world, and their use raises issues relating to inherent human rights, legal liability, the conclusion of contracts, etc. The benefits and risks are present, and the rules must be correlated. The new Artificial Intelligence Regulation is intimately linked to the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679). Smart cities is one of the concepts that evoke digitalization and interconnectedness in urban communities. Transportation, public services, tourism, sports, recreation, citizens’ safety – all reflect the implications of artificial intelligence systems for efficiency and convenience in urban communities. At the same time, the massive processing of personal data opens up the possibility of security breaches (in collection, structuring, transfer). Quantified self offers solutions for self-awareness, through devices for measuring and quantifying activities. The willingness to share sensitive information (health data, genetic data, biometric data) on social networks or websites can facilitate the creation of personal databases by third parties (a priceless commodity due to the possibilities of consumer profiling). The common denominator of risk for all applications of artificial intelligence systems is big data. The sheer volume of data, processed at breakneck speed, is the foundation of systems that not only replicate what they have learned, but also have a degree of autonomy that can become difficult to manage. Both categories (utility/benefits – risks) are the subject of this study. Appropriate regulations are needed to determine the rules applicable to the legal regime of connected objects, preventing or mitigating the risks associated with them.

Keywords: Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, legal regime, utility of connected objects, risks of using connected objects

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Linking Property Rights to Climate Change Mitigation: A Risk of Over-regulation?

Autor: Dana ALEXANDRU

Email: dana.alexandru@ulbsibiu.ro

Rezumat

Abstract: In the last decade a more pronounced state interventionism is reported in property law, contract law and other areas. It is certain that traditional legal institutions will be redefined to some extent and that the autonomy of legal subjects will be restricted in the public interest. This applies in particular to the way in which certain subjective property rights are exercised. The fight to prevent pollution and to mitigate its consequences should be a responsibility for all the inhabitants of a country, as is the right to a healthy environment, expressed in its universal nature. Traditionally, environmental law has been the instrument employed to lay down the requirements and the limits of the right to private property for environmental protection. The collision between private property owners and the objective of sustainable development seems to be the central point of the fair transition. Current trends point to greater state intervention and an increasingly restrictive approach to the exercise of subjective private rights. This position is also reflected in the role of the courts in the transformation of property rights. The paper concludes that the view that the right to property can be limited for the protection of the most important interests of the society prevails in contemporary European legal theory and jurisprudence. One of the reasons for introducing restrictions and for establishing a special legal regime lies in the potential problems caused by climate change.

Keywords: property rights, climate change, state interventionism

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Between the Lines of Constitutional Identity and Rule of Law: The Shades of Romanian Identitarian Walls in dialogue with the ECJ

Autor: Răzvan Cosmin ROGHINĂ

Email: razvan.roghina@ulbsibiu.ro

Rezumat

Abstract: On a general note, the paper explores the concept of constitutional identity within the European Union (EU) and its significance in the European harmonization and unification process. It highlights the potential conflicts that may arise between the EU’s identity, defined by its shared core values, and the constitutional identities of its member states. This situation may present paradoxical conflictual instances for the existence and functionality of the EU. The rule of law is presented as a solution to these conflicts, preserving the integrity and legitimacy of the EU’s objectives and its common jus rationale. This is conditional on the meaningful and sincere appropriation by member states of a common understanding of the rule of law. As such, the classic questions arise: what is the rule of law? Are there different avatars of the rule of law? In this context (which may be philosophical), I will discuss whether constitutional identity is a national rule of law or whether the rule of law is – nowadays – a feature that national identity must adopt in the context of being part of a supranational legal and political entity built on certain common values assumed through membership. The paper leans towards the second hypothesis, arguing that the first only reflects the historical weaknesses of national systems based on national pride. While this pride is rational to some extent, it comes at the cost of the EU’s effectiveness. On a more concrete note, the paper focuses on the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU; May 18^th, 2021) regarding the impact of EU law on Romanian justice, as well as on the decision and subsequent responses of the Romanian Constitutional Court (CCR). The CCR’s decision and responses, which state, for example, that EU law does not replace the Romanian Constitution and propose a constitutional limit based on “national constitutional identity”, have sparked considerable controversy.

Keywords: (national/ European) rule of law, constitutional identity, European identity

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Procreația modernă și implicațiile juridice: de la bioetică la biodrept

Autor: Lucia IRINESCU

Email: lirinescu@yahoo.com

Rezumat

Modern Procreation and Legal Implications: From Bioethics to Biolaw

Abstract: The evolution of medical technology in the field of medically assisted human reproduction should, like all innovation and progress, be viewed with great admiration. In the times we are living in, today’s biotechnologies have become for all infertile couples the only hope of fulfilling their dream of becoming parents. However, global dilemmas about the ethical, legal, social and religious implications of medically assisted human procreation are growing in the absence of specific regulations that combine moral and legal principles. In the present study, we aim to outline some of the key issues in this area with regard to the right to know one’s biological identity, anonymous birth and post-mortem procreation. In the current Romanian legal system, there is no special legislation regulating all the situations that may arise as a result of recourse to medical procreation techniques. Biolaw should become the link between scientific research and society’s legal values.

Keywords: bioethics, right to privacy, children’s rights, surrogacy, donor, RUAM, surrogate motherhood, filiation.

Bibliografie

Bakiu, Arta Selami, and Adnan Jashari. “Establishing a Family by the New Technologies for Artificial Reproduction according to the Positive Legislation of North Macedonia in the Light of Comparative Family Law.” Perspectives of Law and Public Administration, no. 10 (2021): 57–70.

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Vulnerabilitățile cognitive și studenții actori

Autor: Cosmin MATEI

Email: cosmin.matei@ubbcluj.ro

Rezumat

Abstract: The article critically examines the prevalence of cognitive vulnerabilities among acting students in Romania and investigates how these vulnerabilities are integrated, or not, into the actor training process within the vocational education and training (VET) system. This analysis advocates for a reevaluation of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and the specific competencies related to the art of acting, emphasizing the incorporation of effective tools for assessing and managing cognitive vulnerabilities and the necessity of fostering psychological wellbeing (PWB). A balanced PWB not only facilitates the development of nuanced and authentic interpretations but also contributes to the acquisition of skills essential for navigating the unique challenges of an acting career. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research involved 50 acting students from two specialized universities in Romania, combining qualitative analysis based on years of teaching experience in a specialized faculty with quantitative methods. Our findings indicate that student actors with rigid thinking patterns are more likely to experience stress, especially if they hold negative beliefs about themselves. In other words, inflexible attitudes can worsen emotional pain in this group. Given the presence of these vulnerabilities in the clinical profiles of students, it is recommended that scientifically validated therapeutic approaches, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), be incorporated into the actor training curriculum. These approaches aim to minimize psychological risks and support PWB, thereby fostering the development of balanced artistic careers. Such interventions not only enhance PWB but also improve the quality of artistic interpretations, offering new perspectives for VET in the performing arts.

Keywords: cognitive vulnerabilities, acting students, acting career, Romania, CBT, ACT, cognition, wellbeing, mental health.

Bibliografie

Notă: Manuscrisul include rezultate și interpretări bazate pe date colectate în mod riguros, evidențiind factorii destabilizatori specifici cu care se confruntă actorii în formare. Interpretările și concluziile din manuscris au o bază empirică solidă, iar prezentarea narativă a acestora este o adaptare pentru a asigura accesibilitatea publicului general. Datele empirice sunt disponibile pentru cititorii care ar dori să aprofundeze datele colectate și vor fi publicate într-un articol din 2025. Acestea pot fi puse la dispoziție în baza completării unui consimțământ informat, prin care cititorul își asumă să nu reproducă, publice sau folosească datele în alt context fără acordul nostru explicit. Scopul acestei măsuri este de a păstra integritatea și confidențialitatea datelor, asigurând, în același timp, accesul la informațiile solicitate.

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Biblioteconomie

Științele limbii

Științele economice

Antropologie. Studii filozofice

Teologie

Studii literare

Ideologiile memoriei în comunism și postcomunism

Autor: Mihai IOVĂNEL

Email: mihai.iovanel@gmail.com

Rezumat

The Ideologies of Memory in Communism and Postcommunism

Abstract: The thesis of this article is that the communist regime sets up a system for the politics of memory that post-communism takes over as such after 1989, only in reverse, changing the sign of the values. Where communism affirms, post-communism denies. However, the often-contradictory status of the relationship between the theory and practice of communism leads to a number of anomalies in post-communist anti-communist ideology, which are still active today.

Keywords: memory, communism, post-communism, anti-communism, Holocaust

Bibliografie

Acknowledgement: Acest articol a fost finanțat printr-un grant al Ministerului Cercetării, Inovării și Digitalizării, CNCS – UEFISCDI, număr de proiect PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-1429, prin PNCDI III.

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Tranziția postcomunistă ca traumă socială: reprezentări și (de)codificări în poezia anilor 2000

Autor: Doris MIRONESCU

Email: doris.mironescu@uaic.ro

Rezumat

Abstract: In this article I read the postsocialist transition in the frame of several theories of social trauma (Piotr Sztompka, Andreas Hamburger), by focusing particularly on Romanian poetry published during the 2000s. Leaving aside the psychoanalytical definitions of trauma that had at their core the (i)representability of trauma, starting with the new millennium and, more prominently, in the last decade, trauma studies took a social turn, focusing on traumatized ethnic and social groups. In Romania, the social trauma of the postcommunist transition was addressed foremost in poetry by a new generation of poets who reacted to the economic, social and political disarray of the 2000s. I argue that the concept of social trauma applied to millennial poetry has the advantage of explaining the option of the earlier poets of the 2000s for a poetics of violence, suffering and , beyond the canonical games within the literary field.

Keywords: social trauma, Romanian poetry, economic memories, postsocialist transition

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Estetica deteritorializantă a acceleraționismului nouăzecist: Nick Land între Kant și Deleuze

Autor: Mihai ȚAPU

Email: mihai.tapu@ubbcluj.ro

Rezumat

Abstract: This article discusses some of the earliest accelerationist texts of British philosopher Nick Land, focusing on their attempts to overcome a tradition of post-Kantian continental philosophy by appropriating concepts from Deleuze&Guattari’s theories. In doing so, I distinguish between a number of Landian texts in which the notion of the Kantian sublime is turned against its initial conceptualization by the German philosopher and some texts which corroborate different Deleuzo-Guattarian concepts, such as “deterritorialization” and the “body-without-organs”. The disavowal of Kantian transcendental idealism is linked, within Land’s texts, with a turn towards a cybernetic reading of Deleuze&Guattari’s concepts, which leads to one of the most popular accelerationist concepts, that of “capitalism as artificial intelligence”.

Keywords: Nick Land, accelerationism, deterritorialization, sublime, cybernetics, artificial intelligence

Bibliografie

Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. Capitalism și schizofrenie. Vol. I: Anti-Oedip [Capitalism and Schizophrenia, vol. 1: Anti-Oedip]. Translated by Bogdan Ghiu. Pitești: Paralela 45, 2008.

Fisher, Mark. Realism capitalist. Nu există nicio alternativă? [Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative?]. Translated by Paul-Teodor Cristescu, introduction by Ștefan Baghiu. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2022.

Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysus. Code. From Information Theory to French Theory. Durham: Duke University Press, 2023.

Ghiman, Lorin. “Aici și acum: Tematizări postkantiene ale sublimului în epoca revoluțiilor politice și culturale” [Here and Now: Post-Kantian Themes of the Sublime in the Era of Political and Cultural Revolutions]. Revista de filosofie, no. 4 (2017): 574–584.

Hui, Yuk. “On the Unhappy Consciousness of Neoreactionaries.” e-Flux Journal, April 2017. https://www.e-flux.com/journal/81/125815/on-the-unhappy-consciousness-of-neoreactionaries/

Kant, Immanuel. Critica facultății de judecare [Critique of the Power of Judgment]. Translated by Vasile Dem. Zamfirescu and Alexandru Surdu. In Opere. Bucharest: Muzeul Național al Literaturii Române, 2017.

Land, Nick. Fanged Noumena. Collected Writings 1987-2007, edited by Robin Mackay and Ray Brassier. Falmouth: Urbanomic, 2011.

Land, Nick. The Thirst for Annihilation: Georges Bataille and Virulent Nihilism. Londra: Routledge, 1992.

Le, Vincent. “Slave, Sister, Sexborg, Sphinx: Feminine Figurations in Nick Land’s Philosophy.” Hypatia, no. 2 (2019): 1–19.

Lyotard, Jean-François. Economia libidinală. Traducere de Magdalena Mărculescu-Cojocea. Târgoviște: Pandora-M, 2001.

Mackay, Robin, Armen Avanessian, eds. #Accelerate: The Accelerationist Reader. Falmouth: Urbanomic, 2014.

Mackay, Robin. “Nick Land: An Experiment in Inhumanism.” Maya B. Kronic, 2012. https://readthis.wtf/writing/nick-land-an-experiment-in-inhumanism/

Meillassoux, Quentin. După finitudine. Eseu asupra necesității contingenței. Translated by Ovidiu Stanciu. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2014.

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Neiwert, David. Alt-America: The Rise of the Radical Right in the Age of Trump. London: Verso, 2018.

Nick Land, The Dark Enlightenment. Perth: Imperium Press, 2023.

Noys, Benjamin. Malign Velocities. Accelerationism & Capitalism. Winchester: Zer0 Books, 2014.

Noys, Benjamin. The Persistence of the Negative. A Critique of Contemporary Continental Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010.

Ometiță, Mihai. “Fundamentul moral al sublimului kantian” [The Moral Foundation of the Kantian Sublime]. In Provocări actuale în științele socio-umane, edited by Virgil Ciomoș, 175–183. Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2024.

Pasquinelli, Matteo. The Eye of the Master: A Social History of Artificial Intelligence. Londra: Verso Books, 2023.

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Sandifer, Elizabeth. Neoreaction: A Basilisk. Ithaca: Eruditorum Press, 2017.

Sava, Alexandru Vasile. “Mixtape 2020.” Vatra, no. 5-6 (2020): 123-137.

Wark, McKenzie. “On Nick Land.” Verso Books, 2017. https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/news/3284-on-nick-land.

Wiener, Norbert. Cybernetics: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2019.

Enigma lui Ioanide. O lectură a romanului Bietul Ioanide de G. Călinescu dintr-o perspectivă realist socialistă (II)

Autor: Ioan FĂRMUȘ

Email: farmusioan@yahoo.com

Rezumat

Abstract: The second part of the study submits to debate the issue of classifying G. Călinescu’s novel Bietul Ioanide [Poor Ioanide] as either Socialist Realist or as subversive, two typological categorizations equally controversial. We will focus our attention on the reviews the book has received, attempting to demonstrate that the most ideologically charged reception of the book, the one provided by the detested N. Popescu-Doreanu, proves to be one of the most professional readings, executed from a Socialist Realist perspective. However, the verdict given by this literary critic, despite its decisive nature, when combined with other data, does not clarify the novel’s placement within either of the two paradigms. Yet, this was indeed the situation for most books that appeared during the Stalinist period, especially those attempting to recreate, or rather, surpass the Socialist Realist canon.

Keywords: Socialist Realism; censorship; G. Călinescu; novel; Communism.

Bibliografie

Baghiu, Ștefan. “The Socialist Realist Novel in Romania between 1948 and 1955: Novelistic Genres and Subgenres.” Dacoromania Litteraria 7 (2020): 56–71.

Betea, Lavinia. “Stenograma discuției dintre Gh. Gheorghiu-Dej și G. Călinescu. 2 martie 1960.” [The Transcription of the Discussion between Gh. Gheorghiu-Dej and G. Călinescu. March 2, 1960]. România literară, no. 11, March 25, 2003, 16-18.

Borza, Cosmin. “Trei concepte ‘socialiste’: realismul, postmodernismul, estetismul” [Three ‘Socialist’ Concepts: Realism, Postmodernism, Aestheticism]. Caietele Sextil Pușcariu, no. 2 (2015): 535-541.

Cernat, Paul. “G. Călinescu și totalitarismul castrator” [G. Călinescu and the Castrating Totalitarianism]. Observator cultural, no. 592, September 16, 2011, 39-40.

Clark, Katerina. The Soviet Novel: History as Ritual. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 1981.

Dumitru, Teodora. “Programul lui G. Călinescu la Jurnalul literar în 1939 și ecourile lui postbelice” [The Programme of G. Călinescu at The Literary Journal in 1939 and his post-war echoes]. Revista de istorie și teorie literară 11, no. 1-4 (2017): 197-224.

Goldiș, Alex. “Literary Interferences in Subversive East-European Prose under Communism.” In The Culture of Translation in Romania, edited by Maria Sass, Ștefan Baghiu, and Vlad Pojoga, 85-97. Berlin, Peter Lang, 2018.

Iosifescu, Silvian. “G.Călinescu: Bietul Ioanide” [G. Călinescu: Poor Ioanide]. Contemporanul, no. 52, December 25, 1953.

Jalbă, C. Romanul lui G. Călinescu [G. Călinescu’s novel]. Bucharest: Minerva, 1980.

Lahusen, Thomas, and Evgeny Dobrenko, eds. Socialist Realism without Shores. Durham: Duke University Press, 1997.

Mecu, Nicolae. G. Călinescu față cu totalitarismul [G.Călinescu face to face with Totalitarianism]. Cluj: Dacia XXI, 2011.

Morson, Gary Saul. “Socialist Realism and Literary Theory.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, no. 2 (1979): 121-133.

Negrici, Eugen. Literatura română sub communism [Romanian Literature under Communism]. Bucharest: Editura Fundației Pro, 2006.

Popescu-Doreanu, N. “Despre romanul ‘Bietul Ioanide’.” [About the Novel “Poor Ioanide”]. Viața românească 7, no. 2 (1955).

Selejean, Ana. Literatura în totalitarism (anul 1954) [Literature under Totalitarianism (the year 1954)]. Sibiu: Fundația culturală FRONDE, 1996.

Terian, Andrei. G. Călinescu: a cincea esență [G.Călinescu: the Fifth Essence]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 2009.

Ungureanu, Cornel. Istoria secretă a literaturii române. [The Secret History of Romanian Literature]. Brașov: Aula, 2007.

Les réseaux sémantiques dans les dossiers génétiques ernaliens : Journal du dehors

Autor: Iringo CORA

Email: iringocora@gmail.com

Rezumat

Semantic Networks in the Genetic Files of Ernaux: Diaries of the Outside

Abstract: The discovery of archived written traces/documents which provide proof of the moment of the birth of a literary text is an enterprise which resembles an exercise of reading and therefore of making an analysis backwards, from the published text to the manuscript. Our analysis, through its approach, stands out and brings a new approach to Ernalian creation, while questioning the creative process, this time by relying on the genetic file of the written Journal du dehors. It is the study of creation in progress, which has left priceless material traces in these genetic files, materialized in several folders which include an impressive number of sheets, drafts, scenarios, sketches, versions taken up or redone completely, corrected proofs, photos, typescripts and the final version submitted to the editions for publication. The theoretical framework of our analysis is offered by genetic criticism, but also by the phenomenological and linguistic approach, while developing a system of semantic analysis in relation to the process of establishment of Ernaux’s text, which we will propose, question and conceptualize. Our hypothesis sheds light on the creative process of an evolutionary nature explaining the phenomenon of construction of the text from the first pages of the first folder of the “Avant-text” and up to the typescript through a network of words and expressions, and which form the semantic network of the analysed manuscript. We will show that this system of thinking and constructing the text to come characterizes Ernaux’s instauration/creative work, being present not only in the file we have studied in the present work, but in all the genetic files which constitute the Ernaux collection.

Keywords: manuscript, Journal du dehors, Annie Ernaux, genetic criticism, phenomenology, semantic networks.

Bibliografie

Derrida, Jacques. Mal d’Archive. Une impression freudienne [A Freudian Impression]. Paris: Éditions Galilée, 1995.

Ernaux, Annie. Journal du dehors, Fonds NAF 28647 (boîte 7), BNF, site Richelieu, Archives et Manuscrits, Paris. Manuscript consulted in July 2019 and October-December 2023.

Ernaux, Annie. L’écriture comme un couteau. Entretien avec Frédéric-Yves Jeannet [Writing Like a Knife: An Interview with Frédéric-Yves Jeannet]. Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 2011.

Ernaux, Annie. L’atelier noir [The Black Workshop]. Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 2022.

Ernaux, Annie. Journal du dehors [Exterior Journal]. Paris: Gallimard, 1993.

Ernaux, Annie. Le vrai lieu. Entretiens avec Michelle Porte [The True Place: Conversations with Michelle Porte]. Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 2014.

Grossmann, Francis. “Didactique du lexique : état des lieux et nouvelles orientations” [Lexical Didactics: Current State and New Directions]. Pratiques 149-150 (2011): 17 June 2014. http://journals.openedition.org/pratiques/1732; https://doi.org/10.4000/pratiques.1732.

Rannoux-Wespel, Catherine. “La stylistique à l’épreuve des manuscrits : l’invention du Journal du dehors d’Annie Ernaux” [Stylistics Challenged by Manuscripts: The Invention of Annie Ernaux’s Journal du dehors]. In Stylistiques, 271–287. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2010. http://books.openedition.org/pur/40097; https://doi.org/10.4000/books.pur.40097.

Simonet-Tenant, Françoise. “La critique génétique : définition, intérêts, limites” [Genetic Criticism: Definition, Interests, and Limits]. Rouen: Université de Rouen Normandie, CÉRÉdI- EA 3229. http://publis-shs.univ-rouen.fr/ceredi/index.php?id=603.

Simonet-Tenant, Françoise. “L’autre fille : ‘Tu es morte pour que j’écrive…’” [The Other Girl: ‘You Died So I Could Write…’]. In Annie Ernaux: le Temps et la Mémoire, edited by Francine Best, Bruno Blanckeman, and Francine Dugast-Portes, 271–287. Paris: Éditions Stock, 2014.

Performativity and Visualisation: A Critique of Mimesis in Odysseus’ Scar

Autor: Ana-Maria DELIU

Email: anamaria.deliu@ulbsibiu.ro

Rezumat

Abstract: The representation of reality in the Homeric Odyssey has spurred many conflicting interpretations due to the question of its orality. The awareness of the oral tradition can be traced in the history of Homer criticism and it starts with the Analysts (19th century higher criticism) that sought to determine how fragments of earlier poems had been layered together and culminated with Milman Parry’s (1928) discovery that the Homeric epic exhibits oral methods of composition (Ong). The oral quality of the text and the oral culture that produced it demanded a new type of criticism that shifted the focus from text as product to text as a transcript of a process, at the end of the last century (Rabel, Bakker). This type of criticism addressed issues of representation not in terms of sign—referent (a structuralist mode of reading), but in terms of action—model, as we will see. It also distances itself from the oral-formulaic theory that views the epic poetry of Homer as a set of formulae coupled with performance as improvisation; instead, it understands oral culture as a fundamentally different way to perceive the world in regards to heroic events of the past (kleos) in the memory of their previous performances. Such an oral-oriented reading also draws from the archaeology of mimesis as it appears in the pre-literate Greece, and subsequently problematises both ancient “narratological” approaches (Plato and Aristotle) and modern narratology (De Jong). The present paper will address two aspects of mimesis: 1) performativity, not only representation, imitation, but enactment, presentification (Spăriosu); and 2) visualisation, starting from Auerbach’s stance that the Homeric world is “brightly and uniformly illuminated” and that “everything is visible” and placing this stance near or against oral-oriented criticism (Ong, Bakker).

Keywords: mimesis, performativity, visualisation, presentification, oral-orientied criticis

Bibliografie

Aristotle. Poetics. Translated by W.H. Fyfe. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Aristot.%20Poet.

Auerbach, Erich. “Odysseus’ Scar.” In Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Translated by Willard R. Trask. Princeton University Press, 1953.

Bakker, Egbert J. “Mimesis as Performance: Rereading Auerbach’s First Chapter.” Poetics Today 20, no. 1 (1999).

De Jong, Irene J. F. “Beetween Word and Deed: Hidden Thoughts in the Odyssey.” Modern Critical Theory and Classical Literature, edited by Irene J. F. De Jong and J. John Patrick Sullivam. Brill, 1993.

Homer. Iliad. Translated by A. T. Murray. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134:book=1:card=1.

Homer. Odyssey. Translated by A. T. Murray. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+1.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext% 3A1999.01.0136.

Hutcheon, Linda. Narcissistic Narrative: The Metafictional Paradox. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1980.

Katz, Marylin A. Penelope’s Renown: Meaning and Indeterminacy in the Odyssey. Princeton UP, 2014.

Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. Routledge, 2002.

Plato. Republic. Translated by Paul Shorey. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0168.

Rabel, Robert. “Impersonation and Representation in Odyssey.” The Classical World no. 2 (1999).

Spăriosu, Mihai I. Resurecția lui Dionysos [Dionysus’s Resurrection]. Univers, 1997.

Structuri Queer în Cercul Literar de la Sibiu: Corydon de Radu Stanca

Autor: Mirela NAGÂȚ

Email: mirela.nagat@drd.unibuc.ro

Rezumat

Abstract: The present study maps Radu Stanca’s best-known poem, “Corydon,” from the perspective of the aesthetic and ideological program of the group he was part of, the Literary Circle from Sibiu. The path of decoding the text is guided by the very choice as title of a notorious gay symbol, known from the ancient lyric, revisited later by André Gide. Collaterally, I also investigate the way in which the homoerotic consciousness radiated within the group, the gay orientation of one of the prominent members, the literary critic I. Negoiţescu, being known.

Keywords: Radu Stanca, The Literary Circle of Sibiu, Corydon, queer ballad, I. Negoițescu, Ștefan Aug. Doinaș, Ion D. Sîrbu, Nicolae Balotă

Bibliografie

Arhiva CNSAS, [CNSAS archive], dosarul nr. I 120450, vol. 1.

Babeți, Adriana. Dandysmul [Dandyism]. Iași: Polirom, 1995.

Balotă, Nicolae. Abisul luminat [The Illuminated Abyss]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 2018.

Balotă, Nicolae. Caietul albastru, I și II [The Blue Notebook, I and II]. Bucharest: Editura Fundației Culturale Române, 1998.

Baudelaire, Charles. Inima mea dezvăluită, traducere, note și postfață de Bogdan Ghiu [My Heart Revealed]. Bucharest: EST – Samuel Tastet Éditeur, 2002.

Crohmălniceanu, Ovid S., and Klaus Heitmann. Cercul Literar de la Sibiu și influența catalitică a culturii germane [The Literary Circle of Sibiu and the Cathalitic Influence of German Culture]. Bucharest: Universalia, 2000.

de Nerval, Gérard. Les Filles du feu [The Fire Girls]. Paris: D.Giraud, Libraire-Éditeur, 1854.

Doinaș, Ștefan Aug., “Paradisul interzis” [Forbidden Paradise]. Observator cultural, no. 1173 (913), August 30 – September 5, 2023.

Doinaș, Ștefan Aug. Lampa lui Diogene [Diogenes’ Lamp]. Bucharest: Editura Eminescu, 1970.

Gide, André, Corydon [Corydon]. https://ebooks-bnr.com/ebooks/pdf4/gide_corydon.pdf.

Iovănel, Mihai. Istoria Literaturii Române Contemporane: 1990-2020 [History of Contemporary Romanian Literature: 1990-2020]. Iași: Polirom, 2021.

Negoițescu, I. Ora oglinzilor [Hour of Mirrors]. Cluj: Dacia, 1997.

Negoițescu, I., and Radu Stanca. Un roman epistolar, edited by Ion Vartic, Ioan Cristescu, and Ion Vartic [An Epistolary Novel]. Bucharest: Muzeul Literaturii Române, 2021.

Nemoianu, Virgil. Surâsul abundenței [The Smile of Abundance]. Bucharest: Spandugino, 2016.

Popa, Bogdan. “De ce teoria queer nu poate elimina tragicul: conflictul metodelor în literatura comparatăl” [Why Queer Theory Cannot Eliminate the Tragic: The Conflict of Methods in Comparative Literature]. Transilvania, no. 8 (2024): 32–42.

Regman, Cornel. Dinspre „Cercul Literar” spre „Optzeciști” [From the “Literary Circle” to the “Optzecisti”]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1997.

Regman, Ștefăniță, grupaj epistolar Ștefan Aug. Doinaș. “Cerchiștii înainte de coborârea în Infern” [The Cerchists before the descent into Hell]. România literară, June 15, 2007.

Sîrbu, Ion D. Opere. II. Corespondență [Works. II. Correspondence]. Bucharest: Fundația Națională pentru Știință și Artă, 2013.

Sîrghie, Anca. Radu Stanca. Evocări și interpretări în evantai [Radu Stanca: Evocations and interpretations]. Sibiu: Editura Tehno Media, 2016.

Stanca, Radu. Doti [Doti], edited by Ioana Lipovanu. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 2011.

Stanca, Radu. Teatru [Theater]. Bucharest: Editura pentru Literatură, 1968.

Varga, Dragoș. Radu Stanca: sentimentul estetic al ființei [Radu Stanca: The Aesthetic Feeling of Being]. Sibiu: Editura InfoArt Media, 2010.

Varga, Dragoș. “Cercul Literar de la Sibiu: câteva perspective asupra formei tragice” [The Sibiu Literary Circle: Some Perspectives on Tragic Form]. Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2024).

Vergiliu. Bucolice. Georgice [Eclogues and Georgics]. Bucharest: Editura pentru Literatură Universală, 1967.

Cercul Literar de la Sibiu: câteva perspective asupra formei tragice

Autor: Dragoș VARGA

Email: dragos.varga@ulbsibiu.ro

Rezumat

The Sibiu Literary Circle: Some Perspectives on Tragic Form

Abstract: The present article focuses on the only literary Romanian group (Sibiu Literary Circle) that aims to rehabilitate tragedy as a literary genre, combining two important dimensions: the Aristotelian perspective, proposing the resurrection of the genre as such, and the German one, which requires a rather philosophical approach by detaching the concept of the tragic from the sphere of the theatrical performance. The article leans especially on the theories about the tragic of Ștefan Aug. Doinaș, Nicolae Balotă, I. Negoițescu and Radu Stanca, insisting on Radu Stanca’s essay, Tragedy and Its Scenic Modality from a Contemporary Perspective.

Keywords: tragedy, tragic form, Sibiu Literary Circle, Radu Stanca, I. Negoițescu

Bibliografie

Acknowledgement: This work was funded by the EU’s NextGenerationEU instrument through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of Romania – Pillar III-C9-I8, managed by the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization, within the project entitled Measuring Tragedy: Geographical Diffusion, Comparative Morphology, and Computational Analysis of European Tragic Form (METRA), contract no. 760249/28.12.2023, code CF 163/31.07.2023.

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Nagâț, Mirela. “Structuri Queer în Cercul Literar de la Sibiu: Corydon de Radu Stanca” [Queer Structures of the Sibiu Literary Circle: Radu Stanca’s Corydon]. Transilvania, no. 11-12 (2024).

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Revista Cercului Literar [The Magazine of the Literary Circle]. Edited by Dan Damaschin. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia, 2002.

Roșca, D.D. Existența tragică [Tragic Existence]. Bucharest: Editura Științifică, 1968.

Sasu, Aurel, and Mariana Vartic, eds. Dramaturgia românească în interviuri [Romanian Dramaturgy in Interviews]. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1995.

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Steiner, George: La mort de la tragédie. Paris. Gallimard, 1993.

Szondi, Péter. An Essay on the Tragic. Translated by Paul Fleming. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002.

Terian, Andrei. “Tragedy in Romanian Literature: Some Conceptual Delimitations.” Transilvania 53, no. 5 (2024).

Varga, Dragoș. “A Cultural Obsession: The Foundation of Romanian Classicism.” Transilvania, no. 1 (2019): 57-60.

Varga, Dragoș. Radu Stanca. Sentimentul estetic al ființei [Radu Stanca. The Aesthetic Sense of Being]. Cluj-Napoca: Casa Cărții de Știință, 2005.

Volkelt, Johannes: Estetica tragicului [The Aesthetics of the Tragic]. Bucharest: Editura Univers, 1978.

Ecouri homerice în Monstrul lui Ismail Kadare

Autor: Alexandra CIOCÂRLIE

Email: aciocarlie@gmail.com

Rezumat

Homeric elements in Ismail Kadare’s The Monster

Abstract: Kadare’s The Monster, whose plot resembles the abduction of Helen that generated the Trojan War, is placed in Tirana during the years of increasingly deteriorating relations between Albania and the USSR. The monstruous, shapeless wagon abandoned in the fields looks like the Trojan wooden horse into which the invaders, degenerated copies of the ancient Greek warriors, are hidden waiting for an opportunity to enter the town. The modern and the ancient worlds interfere with one another, contemporary scenes reconstructing the main episodes of the conquest of Troy. Both the well-known mythological characters and the ancient events are presented from the perspective of the 20th century suspicious mind. The confrontation is an opportunity to reexamine the events of the antiquity and their representations by Homer, who is seen as the spokesman of the winners and the unreliable messenger of their propaganda.

Keywords: Kadare, Homer, epic poem, modern novel, Trojan horse

Bibliografie

Bibliography

Coutier, Élodie. “La parole figée: Réflexions sur l’usage politique de la référence homérique dans Le Monstre d’Ismaïl Kadaré” [The frozen speech: Reflections on the political use of the Homeric reference in The Monster of Ismail Kadaré]. Comparatismes en Sorbonne, no. 4 (2013): 1–14.

Eissen, Ariane. Visages d՚Ismail Kadaré [Faces of Ismail Kadaré]. Paris: Hermann, 2015.

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Kadare, Ismail, Dosarul H. Monstrul [File on H. The Monster]. Translated by Marius Dobrescu. Bucharest: Univers, 1999.

The Social Construction of the Public Intellectual: A Plea for the Humanities

Autor: Nicoleta BURDUȘEL

Email: eva.burdusel@ulbsibiu.ro

Rezumat

Abstract: The present study undertakes an analysis of the recent surge of interest in essayistic literature, hence shaping with stronger emphasis and raiding awareness in a powerful manner about the role of public intellectuals, casino siteleri 2025 generally in all types of societies—across time and cultures, and particularly in our age marked by an increased focus on the image versus the word, dominated by technological advancement to such an extent that it can no longer be called progress given the decreasing moral dimensions, the acceleration of speed to the disadvantage of attention, entailed by the digital turn, all taking place in the so-called “civilization of the spectacle” (Mario Vargas Llosa) “civilization of illiteracy” (Mihai Naidin) or a game of change and interplay between culture and civilization, advancement and decline subject to the force of the digital turning point which has impacted human behavior. The focal point of the present study is setting forth essayistic literature as the most effective vector and platform for artists, writers, academics as prominent public intellectuals, protecting, pursuing and promoting cultural values.
3xlwin giriş
Keywords: literary elite, public intellectual, essayistic literature, humanities

Bibliografie

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Etzioni, Amitai, and Alyssa Bowditch. Public Intellectuals: An Endangered Species. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Ltd, 2006.

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Judt, Tony. Past Imperfect: French Intellectual 1944-1956. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992.

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Swartz, David. Culture and Power: The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1997.

Științe vizuale

Dosar

Istorie si studii culturale

Istorie

From Militarism to the Soldier’s Ideal: The Conceptual History of the Hungarian War Ideal in the Interwar Period

Autor: Róbert Károly SZABÓ

Email: rszabo.elte@gmail.com

Rezumat

Abstract: Although contemporaries regarded the First World War as the “war to end all wars,” the concept of war regained relevance during the interwar period. To assess the scope of the concept and compare it across nations, a specific national interpretation is required. This paper explores the conceptual history of militarism in Hungary through the writings of contemporary Hungarian and foreign authors. On the one hand, I attempt to analyse the diverse interpretations of the term, considering its varying meanings and political orientations. On the other hand, I examine the conceptual transformation within the framework of literature on German militarism. It can be stated that there was no unified interpretation of the “war ideal” in Hungary during the interwar period. While the right-wing viewed it as an ideal societal state, the left perceived the Horthy era as militaristic, highlighting its martial characteristics. The “soldier’s ideal” – a “Hungarianised” form of militarism – emerged in the late 1930s, championed by right-wing politicians, soldiers, and writers. For them, the concept of “intellectual defence” served as both a competitor and an alternative, opposing war and alignment with Germany.

Keywords: “war ideal”, militarism, Hungary, “soldier’s ideal”, “intellectual defence”

Bibliografie

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