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10 / 2024

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featured Transilvania 10.2024
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Revista: 10 / 2024
Anul Publicarii:2024
Print ISSN: Print ISSN 0255-0539; Electronic ISSN 3061-2217

Științe socio-umane

Arte vizuale

Filozofie și studii sociale

Antropologie și etnologie

Sociologie

Științe politice & juridice

Istorie & Antropologie

Studii culturale

Libraries in a Changing World

Autor: Ralf BRUGBAUER
Email: ralf.Brugbauer@uni-bayreuth.de

Abstract: We find ourselves in a time of violent conflicts. Conflicts between liberal democracies and autocratic regimes are being fiercely fought out in various regions. At the same time, we are facing a digital-technological transformation, however its effects are difficult to predict, particularly due to the further advancements of artificial intelligence. Preserving the comprehensive knowledge of mankind and thus ensuring its existence and dissemination is a task belonging to libraries. But how can libraries really fulfill this responsibility? And if so, under what conditions? This paper will discuss thoughts on the role of libraries in a changing world.

Keywords: libraries, political education, access to knowledge, cultural heritage, information literacya 1win mobil

Agranoff, R., and M. McGuire. Collaborative public management: New strategies for local governments. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2003.

Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

Eve, Martin Paul. “Digital Scholarly Journals Are Poorly Preserved: A Study of 7 Million Articles.” Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication 12, no. 1 (2024). https://www.iastatedigitalpress.com/jlsc/article/id/16288/.

Gehring, Petra. “Das Schicksal von Open Science steht auf dem Spiel.” Forschung & Lehre August 08, 2021. https://www.forschung-und-lehre.de/politik/das-schicksal-von-open-science-steht-auf-dem-spiel-3902.

Marquard, Odo. Zukunft braucht Herkunft: Philosophische Essays. Stuttgart: Reihe Reclam, 2003.

Schick, Nina. Deep Fakes and the Infocalypse. London: Monoray, 2020.

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Cunoașterea între bun public și logica profitului: rolul pirateriei în dezvoltarea cercetării științifice din România postcomunistă

Autor: Valer Simion COSMA
Email: simion.cosma@ulbsibiu.ro

Knowledge Between Public Good and the Logic of Profit: The Role of Piracy in the Development of Scientific Research in Post-communist Romania

Abstract: The significant increase in the costs of accessing scholarly resources as a result of what many authors have termed the “oligopolization of the academic market” means that despite the overabundance of scholarly resources and simplified access in the context of the digital revolution, access to scholarly literature is severely restricted for financial reasons. In these circumstances, piracy appears to be a weapon of the weak and a movement that tilts the balance towards individuals with less access to academic resources.  In the case of Romania, piracy is a practice to which many academics have resorted, which has contributed significantly to improving the gap in access to scientific literature in relation to the major Western academic centers. This article briefly outlines the process of commoditization of scholarly publishing and examines the role of academic piracy in bridging the gap in access to scholarly literature and the reasons why researchers resort to it.

Keywords: Piracy, oligopol, research, Open Access, semi-periphery.

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Bohannon, John. “Who’s Downloading Pirated Papers? Everyone.” Science 352, no. 6286 (2016): 508–512.

Czerniewicz, Laura. “Students Practices in Copyright Culture: Accessing Learning Resources.” Learning, Media, and Technology 42, no. 2 (2017): 171–184.

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Eger, Thomas, and Marc Scheufen. “Economic Perspectives on the Future of Academic Publishing: Introduction to the Special Issue.” Managerial and Decision Economics 42, no. 8 (2021): 1922–1932. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3454.

Enago Academy. “More German Universities Cancel Elsevier Contracts.” Enago, May 21, 2018. https://www.enago.com/academy/german-universities-cancel-elsevier-contracts/.

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Fischer, Georg. “Academic Piracy.” Strukturwandel Des Eigentums, January 19, 2022. https://sfb294-eigentum.de/en/blog/academic-piracy/.

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Fyfe, Aileen, Noah Moxham, Julie McDougall-Waters, Camilla Mørk Røstvik. A History of Scientifc Journals: Publishing at the Royal Society, 1665-2015, London: UCL Press, 2022.

Ghasemi, Asghar, Parvin Mirmiram, Kashfi Khosrow, and Zahra Bahadoran. “Scientific Publishing in Biomedicine: A Brief History of Scientific Journals.” International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 21, no. 1, (2023): 1–10.

Guindalini, Camila, Martie-Louise Verreynne, and Tim Kastelle. “Taking Scientific Inventions to Market: Mapping the Academic Entrepreneurship Ecosystem.” Technological Forecasting & Social Change, no. 173 (2021): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121144.

Hagve, Martin. “The Money Behind Academic Publishing.” Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 140, (2020). https://doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.20.0118.

Kling, Rob, and Ewa Callahan. “Electronic Journals, the Internet, and Scholarly Communication.” Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. Dynamics of Scholarly Communication 37, no. 1 (2005): 127–177. https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.1440370105.

Larivière Vincent, Stefanie Haustein, and Philippe Mongeon. “The Oligopoly of Academic Publishers in the Digital Era.” Plos One 10, no. 6 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127502.

Mason, Paul. Postcapitalismul. Un ghid pentru viitorul nostru [Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future], translated by Carmen Ardelean. Bucharest: Litera, 2020.

Mayoni, Sebastian. “Scientific Publishers Are Reaping Huge Profits from the Work of Researchers, and the Universities Are Paying for It.” University Post, December 12, 2022. https://uniavisen.dk/en/scientific-publishers-are-reaping-huge-profits-from-the-work-of-researchers-and-the-universities-are-paying-for-it/.

Miller, Carolyn R. “Learning from History. World War II and the Culture of High Technology.” Journal of Business and Technical Communication 12, no. 3 (1998): 288–315.

Norrie, Justin. “Harvard: Journal Subscription Fees Are Prohibitive.” The Conversation, April 24, 2012. https://theconversation.com/harvard-journal-subscription-fees-are-prohibitive-6659.

Palmer, Brian, and Alex Spelling. “Commemorating a Forty-Year Ban on Biological Warfare.” UCL Mathematical & Physical Sciences, March 2015. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/mathematical-physical-sciences/news/2015/mar/commemorating-forty-year-ban-biological-warfare.

Resnick, Brian, and Julia Belluz. “The War to Free Science.” Vox, June 3, 2019. https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/6/3/18271538/open-access-elsevier-california-sci-hub-academic-paywalls.

Riedl, Stefan. “Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism: A Historical Review.” Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings 17, no. 4 (2004): 21–25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/.

Rossiter, Margaret W. “Science and Public Policy Since World War II.” In Osiris 1, no. 1 (1985): 273-294. https://doi.org/10.1086/368649.

Shuttleworth, Sally, and Berris Charnley. “Science Periodicals in the Nineteenth and Twenty-First Centuries.” Notes and Records, no. 70 (2016): 297–304. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0026.

Stan, Adriana, and Cosmin Borza. “Deetatization of Culture, Privatization of Politics: The Case of the Publishing Houses in Postcommunist Romania.” Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review, no. 3 (2020): 382–397.

Tenopir, Carol, and Donald W. King. “Trends in Scientific Scholarly Journal Publishing in the United States.” Journal of Scholarly Publishing 28, no. 3 (1997): 135–170.

Vătavu, Bogdan. “Making Sense of Bookster: A Commercial Rental Library and Public Libraries in Romanian Capitalist Realism.” Revista Transilvania, no. 9 (2023): 46–56.

Wilmoth, Josh. “The Horrific Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons in World War I.” Owlcation, June 2014. http://joshwilmoth.hubpages.com/hub/The-Gruesome-Military-Tactics-of-World-War-I.

Zapata-Carratala, Carlos, Janek Glowacki, Pierre Martin-Dussaud, Guilherme Franzmann, Alexander Thomas, Alice van Helden, Eleftherios-Ermis Tselentis, and Leon Penz. “Against Parasite Publishers: Making Journals Free.” Basic Research Community for Physics, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7212922.

Pirateria academică în rândul studenților din România

Autor: Tudor Gabriel ENE
Email: tudor.ene@s.unibuc.ro

Abstract: This article treats a phenomenon that has become nearly impossible to stop due to the current technological and informational advances: online piracy. It defines piracy and copyright, focusing on academic piracy. The article examines the main potential causes, starting with an analysis of social context prior to the first copyright law, exploring the economic factors that contributed to the rise of piracy. One of these factors is the influence of monopolies within the book market that raised prices and made books hard to afford for the lower classes. This situation created an opportunity for the first “pirates” to emerge, as they are known today. Four specialized studies on piracy were examined: one study explored the reasons for software piracy in 2000, while the other three investigated academic piracy in universities in Portugal (2013) and Denmark (2023; 2024). The main goals of this article are to understand how widespread academic piracy is in Romanian universities and to analyze the information-seeking behavior of Romanian students during their research process. Upon the conclusion of the study, it was found that a significant percentage (75.2%) of students are aware of at least one of the piracy resources mentioned in the questionnaire, and 69.1% of the participants use the academic databases provided by the universities. While most students believe that these resources are easy to find and use, 29.6% responded that they are not sufficient for their research needs, and 44.3% indicated that they are sometimes useful. Over a third of the students surveyed (35.2%) use pirated resources as their first option, and many of them (58.7%) declared that they are unaware of the legal status of these pirate sites. In conclusion, the students’ awareness about the ethics and legality of the research is questionable and one of the main reasons for their use of pirating resources is the lack of legal options.

Notă: Prezentul studiu este parte din cercetarea doctorală în curs întreprinsă de autor, având ca temă „Comportamente de informare și documentare ale studenților români”. 

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Reflectarea incertitudinii științifice în mass-media: concepte și abordări

Autor: Andrada FISCUTEAN
Email: andrada.fiscutean@fjsc.ro

Media Coverage of Scientific Uncertainty: Concepts and Approaches

Abstract: Journalists who cover science must decide whether and how to include the limitations of studies and the inherent uncertainties of the scientific process in their articles. Scientific uncertainty is a fundamental issue in science journalism. How it is presented can influence public understanding of science and directly affect citizens’ decisions on public health issues, environmental concerns, and more. This paper aims to review the literature in the field and (1) explore the characteristics of scientific uncertainty and existing types of classifications; (2) present the current state of research in the field; and (3) identify themes and subjects that are not sufficiently studied. The paper was based on scientific articles extracted using Google Scholar. The study shows that research on scientific uncertainty began to gain momentum around 2005, with the number of articles in the field increasing even more after 2012 when the topic also began to be discussed in the context of misinformation. Understanding how journalists relay scientific uncertainty can help fight false ideas that appear in the public space.

Keywords: scientific uncertainty, science journalism, public understanding of science, science communication, journalism

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Cultural Diplomacy Within the Library: The South Korean Model

Autor: Marian SUCIU, Octavia HULPOI
Email: marian.suciu@bjc.ro

Abstract: This paper presents the importance of Korean cultural diplomacy, as an important soft power tool through which the Asian state consolidates the positive image of the Korean peninsula in the world. Similar to the soft power of the United States of America and Japan, the Republic of Korea also has an indirect and private cultural diplomacy enforced by K-Pop singers and Korean movie stars, and a direct cultural diplomacy financed by various agencies of the Korean government or even Korean universities. The “Korean Wave” phenomenon will be briefly introduced in the first part of the article. It appeared in East Asia in the 1990s and afterwards spread to the Middle East, North America and Europe. The influence of this private cultural diplomacy in Romania is discussed, as well as how Korean culture became more widespread with the help of three important Romanian universities. In the last part of the paper, we will concentrate on the way in which Korean cultural diplomacy influences Romanian public libraries. In order to better illustrate the spread of Korean culture in libraries we used the example provided by the “Petre Dulfu” County Library and “Octavian Goga” Cluj County Library. Although the Korean influence is only at the beginning in Romania, we see that the funding offered by Korean entities improve the Korean book resources in libraries, which assists the dedicated librarians in preparing better programs to promote Korea. 

Keywords: Cultural Diplomacy, Korean Wave, Korean Corner, Korean Shelf, Public Libraries.

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Exploring Neutrality in Romanian Public Libraries

Autor: Claudia ȘERBĂNUȚĂ
Email: claudia.serbanuta@gmail.com

Abstract: This exploratory study investigates the experiences of Romanian public librarians in maintaining neutrality both in their traditional library roles and as contributors to Wikipedia. Romanian librarians, shaped by a legacy of censorship and information control, are now practicing in a rapidly evolving digital landscape that challenges their commitment to neutrality. This study combines semi-structured interviews with 10 editors of Romanian language Wikipedia, including five public librarians, to explore how they interpret and apply the principle of neutrality in both physical and digital environments. Key findings reveal a persistent tension between the ideal of neutrality and the realities of personal bias, external pressures, and the lack of continual formal training. Librarians expressed frustration with balancing personal beliefs and professional responsibilities, particularly in areas like collection development and public service. Additionally, their roles as Wikipedia editors highlight the difficulty of maintaining the Neutral Point of View (NPOV) in collaborative, digital spaces. The study recommends targeted professional development programs to support librarians in navigating neutrality, verifiability, and intellectual freedom in both traditional and digital contexts. Future research should expand to include a larger sample of librarians and explore the intersection of professional librarianship and digital platforms across various national settings.

Keywords: Librarian neutrality, Wikipedia editing, Digital information ethics, Romanian librarianship, Professional development, Public libraries

Acknowledgement: This research was made possible by the Wikimedia Foundation research grant, Grounding the NPOV Pillar in a Post-Censored Information Ecology, with invaluable support from Mihai Constantinescu, who served as a research assistant. ChatGPT was utilized to translate quotes, enhance readability, and ensure grammatical accuracy throughout the paper.

 

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Enhancing Usability of Digital Collections: Accuracy Assessment and OCR Post-Correction of the Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel

Autor: Bogdan VĂTAVU, David MORARIU
Email: bogdan.vatavu@ulbsibiu.ro

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for assessing the accuracy of large collections of digital documents resulting from Optical Character Recognition (OCR) applied to their original print editions during scanning. We applied this methodology to the Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel, a digital collection of Romanian literary texts from the 19th and 20th centuries. With minimal text interventions, we compared each word token in our collection against custom-made lexicons to establish an OCR accuracy rate for each document. Additionally, this methodology provides hints regarding the common OCR mistakes in the collection that can be safely corrected, but also identifies potential improvements for the custom lexicons by listing and storing the possible additions. We believe that, with access to appropriate lexicons, this method can be applied to any language when working with large corpora of OCRed texts.

Keywords: OCR accuracy, post-OCR correction, OCR evaluation, digital libraries, digital archives

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Documentarea vizuală în cercetările istorice și etnologice din Basarabia și Republica Moldova

Autor: Adrian DOLGHI
Email: addolghi@gmail.com

Abstract: The article discusses the essential role of photography as a research tool in the disciplines of history and ethnology, emphasizing its importance in documenting and preserving cultural memory. The article elucidates the historiography of the evolution of photography in Bessarabia, both as an art form and as a technology, which has made it an essential tool for documenting cultural diversity. The article mentions the contributions of earlier researchers who have elucidated the history of photography in Bessarabia and utilized the method of visual documentation in their research. These works opened new research directions, emphasizing the importance of photographic archives in the study of history and culture. It is affirmed that since the inter-war period, photography has been used as an important tool in ethnographic research, contributing to the documentation of traditional culture. Examples include the field expeditions conducted by the Romanian Social Institute, which captured various aspects of everyday life in Bessarabian villages, the research carried out in the Moldovan SSR in 1944-1991, as well as the experience of research from 1991 to the present. The conclusions contain the idea that photography is an essential tool in historical and ethnological research, having the ability to capture visual, emotional and social aspects of everyday life. The article proposes recommendations for increasing the value of visual documentation, including digitization of photographs, organization of exhibitions and collaboration between institutions to promote photography as a tool for research and education, etc.

 

Keywords: visual documentation, photography, history, ethnology, research, Bessarabia.

casino 2025

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Viața și credința în neoliticul și eneoliticul din România, sud-vestul Transilvaniei (I) Câteva caracteristici ale plasticii antropomorfe (7400 BP – 5000 BP)

Autor: Anamaria TUDORIE, Sabin Adrian LUCA
Email: anamaria.tudorie@ulbsibiu.ro

Abstract: The ideas presented in this paper are being focused on the results of the archaeological research on the prehistoric period sites of Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu and other archaeological excavations conducted by the specialists from the university specialized in Prehistory, and by the ones from Brukenthal National Museum. Ever since the Paleolithic era, with the appearance of Homo sapiens fossilis, we see the first, timid and rare, achievements related to anthropomorphic sculpture. Until now, the representation known as the Venus of Willendorf was famous, but the latest major discovery of this kind, fortunately, comes from a Romanian archaeological site, Poiana Cireșului (Neamț County). We observe that during this period, anthropomorphic representations have more the characteristics of idols/statuettes, not focusing on the facial features, but only on those of the body: sexual attributes and the exaggerated rendering of the characteristics of the female human body. After the year 7400 BP, we might think that this tradition, that of depicting the human body, the human being, in the form of idols/statuettes, to which the community shows respect, is continued. In several synthesis works, thousands of pieces of Neolithic and Chalcolithic sculpture have been published, where one can see the great diversity of these for the period analyzed, in Europe and in broader areas around this continent.

Key words: Prehistory, Neolithic, Late Neolithic, Eneolithic, beliefs, plastic-art, anthropomorphic objects

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