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10 / 2020

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Revista: 10 / 2020
Anul Publicarii:2020
Print ISSN: 0255-0539

Științe socio-umane

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Filozofie și studii sociale

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Științele limbii

A Literature Review of NLP Approaches to Fake News Detection and Their Applicability to Romanian- Language News Analysis

Autor: Costin BUSIOC, Stefan RUSETI, Mihai DASCALU
Email: mihai.dascalu@me.com

A Literature Review of NLP Approaches to Fake News Detection and Their
Applicability to Romanian-Language News Analysis

Fighting fake news is a difficult and challenging task. With an increasing impact on the social and political environment, fake news exert an unprecedently dramatic influence on people’s lives. In response to this phenomenon, initiatives addressing automated fake news detection have gained popularity, generating widespread research interest.
However, most approaches targeting English and low-resource languages experience problems when devising such solutions. This study focuses on the progress of such investigations, while highlighting existing solutions, challenges, and observations shared by various research groups. In addition, given the limited amount of automated analyses
performed on Romanian fake news, we inspect the applicability of the available approaches in the Romanian context, while identifying future research paths.

Keywords: fake news identification, Natural Language Processing Techniques, Romanian language

Allcott, Hunt, Matthew Gentzkow, and Chuan Yu. “Trends in the Diffusion of Misinformation on Social Media.” Research and Politics 6, no. 2 (2019): 1-8.
Bhatt, Gaurav, Aman Sharma, Shivam Sharma, Ankush Nagpal, Balasubramanian Raman, and Ankush Mittal. “Combining Neural, Statistical and External Features for Fake News Stance Identification.” In WWW ’18: Companion Proceedings of the The Web Conference, 1353–1357. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
CNN. Retrieved November 2, 2020, from https://edition.cnn.com/
Crammer, Koby and Yoram Singer. “On the Algorithmic Implementation of Multiclass Kernel-based Vector Machines.” Journal of Machine Learning Research 2 (2001): 265–292.
Devlin, Jacob, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. “Bert: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.” In Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2019, 4171–4186. Minneapolis, Minnesota: ACL, 2019.
Dragomir, Isabela-Anda, Maria-Dorinela Sirbu, Mihai Dascalu, Simina-Maria Terian, and Stefan Trausan-Matu. “Exploring Differences in NATO Discourses Using the ReaderBench Framework.” University Politehnica of Bucharest Scientific Bulletin – Series C 82, no. 1 (2020): 3–18.
Ferreira, William, and Andreas Vlachos. “Emergent: A Novel Data-set for Stance Classification.” In Proceedings of the 2016
Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL HLT 2016, 1, 1163–1168. San Diego: ACL, 2016.
Graves, Alex, and Jürgen Schmidhuber. “Framewise Phoneme Classification with Bidirectional LSTM and Other Neural Network Architectures.” Neural Networks 18, no. 5-6 (2005): 602–610.
Grigore, Iuliana, and Andrada Halgaș. “‘Fabricate’ pentru România. Interese ascunse în ştirile false [‘Made’ for Romania: Hidden Interests in Fake News].” Intelligence, 9 Jan. 2019. https://intelligence.sri.ro/fabricate-pentru-romania-intereseascunse-
stirile-false/Hassan, Naeemul, Fatma Arslan, Chengkai Li, and Mark Tremayne. “Toward Automated Fact-checking: Detecting Checkworthy Factual Claims by Claimbuster.” In Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery
and Data Mining, Part F1296, 1803–1812. New York: ACM, 2017.
Hochreiter, Sepp, and Jürgen Schmidhuber. “Long Short-term Memory.” Neural Computation 9, no. 8 (1997): 1735-1780.
Ioniță, Sorin, and Septimiu Pârvu. Fake news în România şi Moldova. Dezinformarea, proasta guvernare şi combaterea lor în Europa de Est [Fake News in Romania and Moldova: Misinformation, Bad Governance, and the Fight Against Them in Eastern
Europe]. Bucharest: EFOR, 2019.
Kibriya, Ashraf M., Eibe Frank, Bernhard Pfahringer, and Geoffrey Holmes. “Multinomial Naive Bayes for Text Categorization Revisited.” In Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 488–499. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer, 2004.
Kim, Yoon. “Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classification.” In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 1746–1751. Doha, Qatar: ACL, 2014.
Liu, Yinhan, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov. “RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.11692, 2019.
Martin, Anca-Simina, and Simina-Maria Terian. “Știrile false: limite și perspective ale analizei lingvistice [Fake News: Limits and Perspectives of Linguistic Analysis].” Transilvania 49, no. 10 (2020): 72-77.
Masala, Mihai, Stefan Ruseti, and Mihai Dascalu. “RoBERT – A Romanian BERT Mode.” In Proceedings of COLING 2020. Online. Barcelona: ACL, 2020.
Pennycook, Gordon, Jonathon McPhetres, Yunhao Zhang, Jackson J. Lu, and David G. Rand. “Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental Evidence for a Scalable Accuracy-nudge Intervention.” Psychological Science 31, no. 7 (2020): 770–780.
PolitiFact. Retrieved November 2, 2020, from https://www.politifact.com/
Rubin, Victoria, Niall Conroy, Yimin Chen, and Sarah Cornwell. “Fake News or Truth? Using Satirical Cues to Detect Potentially Misleading News.” In Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computational Approaches to Deception Detection, 7–17. San Diego,
ACL, 2016.
Slovikovskaya, Valeriya, and Giuseppe Attardi. “Transfer Learning from Transformers to Fake News Challenge Stance Detection (FNC-1) Task.” In Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, 1211–1218. Marseille: European Languages Resources Association, 2020.
Terian, Simina-Maria, Teodor-Mihai Cotet, Maria-Dorinela Sirbu, Mihai Dascalu, and Stefan Trausan-Matu. “Discourses of Economic Crisis in Romanian Media: An Automated Analysis Using the ReaderBench Framework.” Transylvanian Review 28, Suppl. 1 (2020): 245–260.
Vaswani, Ashish, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. “Attention Is All You Need.” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 5998–6008. New York: Curran Associates, 2017.
Yang, Zhilin, Zihang Dai, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Russ R Salakhutdinov, and Quoc V. Le. “XLNet: Generalized
Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding.” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32, 5753–5763. New York: Curran Associates, 2019.
Wang, William Yang. “‘Liar, liar pants on fire’: A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detection.” In ACL 2017: 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference (Long Papers), 2, 422–426. Vancouver:
ACL, 2017.
Zhang, Chao, Ashish Gupta, Christian Kauten, Amit V. Deokar, and Xiao Qin. “Detecting Fake News for Reducing Misinformation Risks Using Analytics Approaches.” European Journal of Operational Research 279, no. 3 (2019): 1036–1052.

Știrile false: limite și perspective ale analizei lingvistice

Autor: Anca-Simina MARTIN, Simina-Maria TERIAN
Email: anca.martin@ulbsibiu.ro

Fake News: Limits and Perspectives of Linguistic Analysis

This article sets out to offer an overview and a review of the latest linguistic research into fake news. To this end, the authors put forward a critical discussion of the paradigms and instruments deployed over the past decade to analyze and identify this textual (micro)genre, from natural language processing techniques to critical discourse analysis.
The conclusion of our study is that a proper understanding of the fake news phenomenon can only be achieved by bringing together qualitative and quantitative methods.

Keywords: fake news, natural language processing, critical discourse analysis, quantitative vs. qualitative methods.

Addelman, Michael. “New Evidence Shows Might of Pharaoh Ramses is Fake News.” The University of Manchester. January 29, 2018. https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/new-evidence-shows-might-of-pharaoh-ramses-is-fake-news/(accesat 21 octombrie 2020).
Ashley, Seth, Jessica Roberts, and Adam Maksl. American Journalism and “Fake News”: Examining the Facts. Santa Barbara-Denver: ABC-CLIO, 2018.
Burkhardt, Joanna M. “Combating Fake News in the Digital Age.” Library Technology Reports 53 no. 8 (2017): 5–33.
Busioc, Costin, Stefan Ruseti, and Mihai Dascalu. “A Literature Review of NLP Approaches to Fake News Detection and Their Applicability to Romanian-Language News Analysis.” Transilvania 49, no. 10 (2020): 65-71.
Chiluwa, Innocent E., and Sergei A. Samoilenko (eds.). Handbook of Research on Deception, Fake News, and Misinformation Online. Hershey: IGI Global, 2019.
Conroy, Nadia, Victoria Rubin, and Yimin Chen. “Automatic Deception Detection: Methods for Finding Fake News.” In Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology 52, no. 1 (2015): 1–4.
Cooke, Nicole A. Fake News and Alternative Facts: Information Literacy in a Post-Truth Era. Chicago: ALA Editions, 2018.
De Beer, Dylan and Machdel Matthee, “Approaches to Identify Fake News: A Systematic Literature Review.” In Integrated Science in Digital Age 2020, ed. Tatiana Antipova, 13–22. Cham: Springer, 2020.
Dragomir, Isabela-Anda, Maria-Dorinela Sirbu, Mihai Dascalu, Simina-Maria Terian, and Stefan Trausan-Matu. “Exploring Differences in NATO Discourses Using the ReaderBench Framework.” University Politehnica of Bucharest Scientific Bulletin – Series C 82, no. 1 (2020): 3–18.
Fairclough, Norman. Language and Power. London and New York: Longman, 1989.
Farkas, Johan and Jannick Schou. “Fake News as a Floating Signifier: Hegemony, Antagonism and the Politics of Falsehood.” Journal of the European Institute for Communication and Culture 25, no. 3 (2018): 298–314.
Feng, Song, Ritwik Banerjee, and Yejin Choi. “Syntactic Stylometry for Deception Detection.” In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ed. Haizhou Li et al., 171–175. Jeju, Korea: Association for Computational Linguistics.
Feng, Vanessa Wei and Gaeme Hirst, “Detecting Deceptive Opinions with Profile Compatibility.” In Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, ed. Ruslan Mitkov and Jong C. Park, 338–346. Nagoya, Japan:
Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing, 2013.
Hardalov, Momchil, Ivan Koychev, and Preslav Nakov. “In Search of Credible News.” In Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications: 17th International Conference, AIMSA 2016, Varna, Bulgaria, September 7–10, 2016, Proceedings, ed.
Christo Dichev and Gennady Agre, 172–180. London: Springer, 2016.
Machin, David and Andrea Mayr. How to Do Critical Discourse Analysis: A Multimodal Introduction. London: Sage, 2012.
Maci, Stefania M. “Discourse Strategies of Fake News in the Anti-vax Campaign.” Lingue Culture Mediazoni – Languages Culture Mediation 6, no. 1 (2019): 15–44.
McDougall, Julian. Fake News vs Media Studies: Travels in a False Binary. New York: Springer, 2019.
McNair, Brian. Fake News: Falsehood, Fabrication and Fantasy in Journalism. London-New York: Routledge, 2017.
Mihalcea, Rada and Carlo Strapparava. “The Lie Detector: Explorations in the Automatic Recognition of Deceptive Language.” In Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers, ed. Keh-Yih Su et al., 309–312. Suntec, Singapore:
Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009.
Nielsen, Nicky. “Cereal Cultivation and Nomad-sedentary Interactions at the Late Bronze Age Settlement of Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham.” Antiquity 91, no. 360 (2017): 1561–1573.
Pennebaker, James and Martha Francis. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count: LIWC. Mahwah: Erlbaum Publishers, 1999.
Peters, Michael Adrian et al. (eds.). Post-Truth, Fake News: Viral Modernity & Higher Education. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2018.
Rubin, Victoria and Tatiana Lukoianova. “Truth and Deception at the Rhetorical Structure Level.” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 66, no. 5 (2014): 905–917.
Sachs-Hombach, Klaus and Bernd Zywietz (eds.). Fake News, Hashtags & Social Bots: Neue Methoden populistischer Propaganda. Wiesbaden: Springer, 2018.
Smith, Cristopher A. “Weaponized Iconoclasm in Internet Memes Featuring the Expression ‘Fake News’,” Discourse & Communication 13, no. 3 (2019): 1–17.
Taylor, Stephanie. What Is Discourse Analysis? London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013.
Terian, Simina-Maria, Teodor-Mihai Cotet, Maria-Dorinela Sirbu, Mihai Dascalu, and Stefan Trausan-Matu. “Discourses of Economic Crisis in Romanian Media: An Automated Analysis Using the ReaderBench Framework.” Transylvanian Review 28, Suppl. 1 (2020): 245–260.
Voicu, Marian. Matrioșka mincinoșilor: Fake news, manipulare, populism [Matryoshka of Liars: Fake News, Manipulation, Populism]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2018.

Considerații lingvistice privind fitonimele românești construite cu ajutorul termenului „vânt” (II)

Autor: Radu DRĂGULESCU
Email: radu.dragulescu@ulbsibiu.ro

Linguistic Considerations on Romanian Phytonims Created with the Term Wind (II)

In the folkloric creations of the Romanians the wind has deep mythological implications. Our paper aims to reveal an inventory, an interpretation and a statistical analysis of Romanian names of plants which implicates the word „wind”, spread through the botanical terminology, a phenomenon which, as considered by E. Coşeriu is not enough highlighted (given that the individual speaker became creator of language / poetry whenever he named a flower.
Botanical popular terminology has primarily a practical value, designating, distinguishing and categorizing elements of the plant kingdom within the given natural reign, but also has a high theoretical significance, especially for linguists, both by the ethimons to which they send back and by the metaphorical meanings the phytonims mostly have.

Keywords: romanian phytonyms, ethnobothany, linguistic imaginary, vânt/wind.

Borza, Al. Dicționar etnobotanic. București: Editura Academiei R.S.R., 1968.
DLR, Tomul IX, Litera M. București: Editura Academiei Române, 2010.
DLR, Tomul XIX, Vîclă-Z. București: Editura Academiei Române, 2010.
DLR, Tomul XV, SPONGIAR-Ș. București: Editura Academiei Române, 2010.
Drăgulescu, Constantin. Dicționarul explicativ al fitonimelor românești. Sibiu: Editura Universității „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, 2018.
Drăgulescu, Constantin, Radu Drăgulescu. Contribuţii la cunoaşterea limbii geto-dacilor. Denumirile dacice de plante. Sibiu: Editura Universităţii „Lucian Blaga”, 2000.
Drăgulescu, Constantin, Drăgulescu, Radu. Considerații asupra unor lexeme daco-geto-trace. Sibiu: Editura Universității „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, 2014.
Pricop, Alina-Mihaela, „Termenul vânt în Dicționarul fenomenelor atmosferice (DFA)”. Philologica Jassyensia, no. 1(21), (2015).
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Terian, Simina-Maria. Textemele românești. O abordare din perspectiva lingvisticii integrale. Iași: Institutul European, 2015.
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Științele economice

Antropologie. Studii filozofice

Teologie

Studii literare

Geografia romanului românesc (1901-1932): străinătatea

Autor: Ștefan BAGHIU, Andrei TERIAN, Vlad POJOGA, Teodora SUSARENCO, Iunis MINCULETE, Ovio OLARU
Email: stefan.baghiu@gmail.com

The Geography of the Romanian Novel (1901-1932): Spaces from Abroad

This article charts the main cities mentioned in the Romanian novel published between 1901 and 1932 based on the corpus of novels created by the research project The Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel 1901-1932 (around 370 digitized novels). The main discoveries that our distant reading of the geography in these novels revealed are that the
planet is covered in the Romanian novel during the period in genre fiction (that has mentions of cities from Africa, Asia and South America), not in modernist highbrow literature, and that the dominance of Paris and Rome as spaces where the action takes place is atomized during this period by smaller cities in France and Italy. The article also
describes the relation between social mobility and geographical coverage in the epoch.

Keywords: Romanian literature, distant reading, geocriticism, literary geography, planetarity.

Algee-Hewitt, Mark et al. “Canon/Archive. Large-scale Dynamics in the Literary Field.” In Canon/Archive, edited by Franco Moretti, 253-294. New York: N+1 Foundation, 2017.
Baghiu, Ștefan, Vlad Pojoga, Cosmin Borza, Andreea Coroian Goldiș, Daiana Gârdan, Emanuel Modoc, David Morariu, Teodora Susarenco, Radu Vancu, and Dragoș Varga. Muzeul Digital al Romanului Românesc: secolul al XIX-lea [The Digital Museum of
the Romanian Novel: The 19th Century]. Sibiu: Complexul Național Muzeal ASTRA, 2019. https://new.revistatransilvania.ro/mdrr. Accessed November 15, 2020. (MDRR)
Baghiu, Ștefan, Vlad Pojoga, Cosmin Borza, Andreea Coroian Goldiș, Denisa Frătean, Daiana Gârdan, Alex Goldiș, Emanuel Modoc, Iunis Minculete, David Morariu, Ovio Olaru, Teodora Susarenco, Andrei Terian, Radu Vancu, and Dragoș Varga.
Muzeul Digital al Romanului Românesc: 1901-1932 [The Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel: 1901-1932]. Sibiu: Complexul Național Muzeal ASTRA, 2020. https://new.revistatransilvania.ro/mdrr1901-1932. Available December 15, 2020. (MDRR2)
Baghiu, Ștefan, Vlad Pojoga, Teodora Susarenco, Radu Vancu, and Emanuel Modoc. “Geografia internă a romanului românesc în secolul al XIX-lea” [The Internal Geogpraphy of the Romanian Novel in the 19th Century]. Transilvania, no. 10 (2019): 29-43.
Ban, Cornel. Dependență și dezvoltare. Economia politică a capitalismului românesc [Dependency and Development. The Political Economy of Romanian Capitalism]. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2014.
Conkan, Marius and Daiana Gârdan. “Space in Literature and Literature in Space.” Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 6, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2020.9.01.
Coroian-Goldiș, Andreea, Daiana Gârdan, Emanuel Modoc, Teodora Susarenco, David Morariu, and Cosmin Borza. “Arhivele romanului românesc și posibilități de digitizare” [The Archives of the Romanian Novel and Digitization Possibilities]. Transilvania, no. 10 (2019): 1-8.
Goldiș, Alex. “Beyond Nation Building: Literary History as Transnational Geolocation.” In Romanian Literature as World Literature, edited by Mircea Martin, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, 95-115. New York: Bloomsbury, 2018).
Goldiș, Alex, Cosmin Borza, Daiana Gârdan, Emanuel Modoc, Dragoș Varga, and David Morariu. “Poli de producție ai romanului românesc (1901-1932)” [Production Centers of the Romanian Novel (1901-1932): Editorial Networks and Canonization Process]. Transilvania, no. (2020): 45-52.
Martin, Mircea, Christian Moraru, and Andrei Terian, eds. Romanian Literature as World Literature. New York: Bloomsbury, 2018.
Modoc, Emanuel, Daiana Gârdan, Ștefan Baghiu, Andreea Coroian-Goldiș, Radu Vancu, and Vlad Pojoga. “Geografia romanului românesc (1901-1932): arealul național” [The Geography of the Romanian Novel (1901-1932): The National Areal]. Transilvania,
no. 10 (2020): 12-21.
Modoc, Emanuel. Internaționala periferiilor [The Peripheries’ International]. Bucharest: Muzeul Național al Literaturii Române, 2019.
Moraru, Christian. Reading for the Planet. Toward a Geomethodology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2015.
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Pojoga, Vlad, Daiana Gârdan, Ștefan Baghiu, Cosmin Borza, Iunis Minculete, and Denisa Frătean. “Diversitate identitară în romanul românesc (1844-1932)” [Identity and Diversity in the Romanian Novel (1844-1932)]. Transilvania, no. 10 (2020): 33-44.
Pojoga, Vlad, Ștefan Baghiu, Emanuel Modoc, Daian Gârdan, and Andreea Coroian Goldiș. “Tehnici digitale pentru analiza romanului românesc” [Digital Tools for the Analysis of the Romanian Novel], Transilvania, no. 10 (2019): 9-16.
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Terian, Andrei, Daiana Gârdan, Emanuel Modoc, Cosmin Borza, Dragoș Varga, Ovio Olaru, and David Morariu. „Genurile romanului românesc (1901-1932). O analiză cantitativă” [“The Genres of the Romanian Novel (1901-1932). A Quantitative Analysis”]. Transilvania, no. 10 (2020): 53-64.
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Geografia romanului românesc (1901-1932): arealul național

Autor: Emanuel MODOC, Daiana GÂRDAN, Ștefan BAGHIU, Andreea COROIAN-GOLDIȘ, Radu VANCU, Vlad POJOGA
Email: ermodoc@gmail.com

The Geography of the Romanian Novel (1901-1932): The National Areal

This article is part of a series that investigates through quantitative and geocritical means the corpus of novels created by the research project Astra Data Mining. The Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel 1901-1932 (around 370 novels digitized). One of the many foci of our analyses delves into the internal geography of the Romanian novel as it manifests itself through geolocated metadata that reveal the spatial diversity of the corpus, concerning not only plot setting, but also relating to the main topographical nodes underpinning the novelists’ consciousness. Because of such geolocational diversity, the following study will only deal with the national setting of the Romanian novel.

Keywords: romanian novel, literary geography, literary cartography, geocriticism, urban development and literature.

Baghiu, Ștefan, Andrei Terian, Vlad Pojoga, Teodora Susarenco, Iunis Minculete, and Ovio Olaru. “Geografia romanului românesc (1901-1932): străinătatea”, în Transilvania no. 10 (2020): 1-11.
Baghiu, Ștefan, Vlad Pojoga, Teodora Susarenco, Radu Vancu, and Emanuel Modoc. “Geografia internă a romanului românesc în secolul al XIX-lea.” Transilvania, no. 10 (2019): 29-43.
Baghiu, Ștefan, Vlad Pojoga, Cosmin Borza, Andreea Coroian Goldiș, Daiana Gârdan, Emanuel Modoc, David Morariu, Teodora Susarenco, Radu Vancu, and Dragoș Varga. Muzeul Digital al Romanului Românesc: secolul al XIX-lea [The Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel: The 19th Century]. Sibiu: Complexul Național Muzeal ASTRA, 2019. https://new.revistatransilvania.ro/mdrr. Accessed November 15, 2020.
Baghiu, Ștefan, Vlad Pojoga, Cosmin Borza, Andreea Coroian Goldiș, Denisa Frătean, Daiana Gârdan, Alex Goldiș, Emanuel Modoc, Iunis Minculete, David Morariu, Ovio Olaru, Teodora Susarenco, Andrei Terian, Radu Vancu, and Dragoș Varga.
Muzeul Digital al Romanului Românesc: 1901-1932 [The Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel: 1901-1932]. Sibiu: Complexul Național Muzeal ASTRA, 2020. https://new.revistatransilvania.ro/mdrr1901-1932. Available December 15, 2020.
Ban, Cornel. “Beyond anticommunism: The fragility of class analysis in Romania.” East European Politics and Societies 29, no. 3 (2015): 640-650.
Ban, Cornel. Dependență și dezvoltare. Economia politică a capitalismului românesc [Dependency and Development. The Political Economy of Romanian Capitalism]. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2014.
Boatcă, Manuela. “Second Slavery versus Second Serfdom: Local Labor Regimes of the Global Periphery.” In Social Theory and Regional Studies in the Global Age, edited by Saïd Amir Arjomand, 361-389. New York: Suny Press, 2014.
Borza, Cosmin. “How to Populate a Country. A Quantitative Analysis of the Rural Novel from Romania (1901-2000).” In Ruralism and Literature in Romania, edited by Ștefan Baghiu, Vlad Pojoga, Maria Sass, 21-40. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2019.
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Coroian-Goldiș, Andreea, Daiana Gârdan, Emanuel Modoc, Teodora Susarenco, David Morariu, and Cosmin Borza. “Arhivele romanului românesc și posibilități de digitizare” [The Archives of the Romanian Novel and Digitization Possibilities]. Transilvania, no. 10 (2019): 1-8.
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Simion Cosma, Valer. “Inventing the Romanian Peasant in Transylvania during the Nineteenth Century.” In Ruralism and Literature in Romania, edited by Ștefan Baghiu, Vlad Pojoga, Maria Sass, 165-191. Berlin: Peter Lang, 2019.
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Temporalitatea internă a romanului românesc (1844-1932)

Autor: Radu VANCU, Alex GOLDIȘ, Ovio OLARU, Vlad POJOGA, Teodora SUSARENCO, Denisa FRĂTEAN, Ștefan BAGHIU
Email: rvancu@gmail.com

The Internal Temporality of the Romanian Novel (1844-1932)

The present article follows the relationship of the Romanian novelistic output between 1901 and 1932 with time and temporal distribution. Its emphasis falls on the degree of correlation between the time of publication and the time during which the events unfold for each corresponding novel, expressed through a variable coined “distance”. By making use of this variable, the temporal distribution of the novelistic corpus in the article clearly shows that the novelists’ focus gradually shifts towards contemporary events; while during the period between 1900 up until the outbreak of World War One, novelists were inclined to place the events of their works in the past, the War seems to have triggered an acute preoccupation with the immediate present. Lastly, the text touches upon two distinct
subgenres of the novel, arisen out of their relationship to time, namely the historical novel and the so-called ‘contemporary novel’.

Keywords: Romanian literature, time in literature, narrative and time, historical novel.

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Diversitate identitară în romanul românesc (1844-1932)

Autor: Vlad POJOGA, Daiana GÂRDAN, Ștefan BAGHIU, Cosmin BORZA, Iunis MINCULETE, Denisa FRĂTEAN
Email: vlad.pojoga@ulbsibiu.ro

Diversity and Identity in the Romanian Novel (1844-1932)

This study explores, using intersectionality and quantitative analysis, several axes that help shape the identity of the characters in the fictional worlds from a corpus of approximately 500 Romanian novels published between 1844 and 1932. They are gender, ethnicity/nationality, and class/work. It also briefly analyzes the gender gap in the production of the novel and examines the dynamics between the gender of the authors and the gender of the main character(s) and the person of the narration, by using metadata compiled by our research team and complex searches in the digital corpus.

Keywords: Romanian literature, Romanian novel, axes of identity, intersectional analysis, quantitative analysis.

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Cultural Național. AFCN nu este responsabilă de conținutul proiectului sau de modul în care rezultatele proiectului pot fi folosite. Acestea sunt în întregime responsabilitatea beneficiarului finanțării.
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Poli de producție ai romanului românesc (1901-1932): Rețele editoriale și forme de canonizare

Autor: Alex GOLDIȘ, Cosmin BORZA, Daiana GÂRDAN, Emanuel MODOC, David MORARIU, Dragoș VARGA
Email: al3xgoldis@gmail.com

Production Centers of the Romanian Novel (1901-1932):
Editorial Networks and Canonization Process

The following study employs a quantitative analysis of the Romanian novelistic production from the period 1901-1932. By using the literary corpus developed by the research project ASTRA Data Mining. The Digital Museum of the Romanian Novel 1901-1932, implemented by ASTRA National Museum Complex, this paper focuses on the secondary canonical writers (with their “b-sides and rarities”), the novelists’ origins, the abundance and the  geographical nodes of production, in order to investigate the dynamic relation between national cultural centers and their respective editorial networks, as well as the mechanisms of canonization within the Romanian novel of the period.

Keywords: Novelistic production, Romanian Novel, Romanian literature, Quantitative analysis, Literary cartography.

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Genurile romanului românesc (1901-1932). O analiză cantitativă

Autor: Andrei TERIAN, Daiana GÂRDAN, Emanuel MODOC, Cosmin BORZA, Dragoș VARGA, Ovio OLARU, David MORARIU
Email: andrei.terian@ulbsibiu.ro

The Genres of the Romanian Novel 1901–1932: A Quantitative Analysis

Combining the instruments of quantitative analysis with those of genre theory, the present article studies the ratio, characteristics, and tendencies underpinning the most important subgenres of the Romanian novel between 1901 and 1932. Among these subgenres, we lay special emphasis on those of popular fiction, on the social, historical, sentimental, psychological, and philosophical novel, as well as on the so-called “event novel”. The conclusions of our inquiry illustrate the ever-growing divide between artistic literature and popular fiction, the recasting of the Romanian novelistic subgenres during the early 20th century, and the gradual relocation of the novelists’ focus from the unmediated depiction of events towards the world and the individual self.

Keywords: Romanian novel, (sub)genres, quantitative analysis, archive vs. canon

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Teorii și ipostaze ale auctorialității în epoca globalizării digitale (1980 – 2020) (II)

Autor: Alex CIOROGAR
Email: alex.ciorogar@ubbcluj.ro

Theories and Practices of Authorship in the Age of Digital Globalization (1980-2020) (II)

In current debates of authorship, a somewhat controversial issue has surprisingly been the centuries-old argument surrounding the status of creative subjects. Some academics have briskly asserted that the author is categorically dead. On the other hand, however, others have claimed quite the contrary. As such, an extraordinary number of researchers sustain that the (same) author has made a definite come-back. I will try to show that all
debates surrounding the-death-and-return-of-the-author conundrum should readily be discarded since they are directly accountable for the conceptual deadlock we find ourselves in today. Consequently, my paper will focus on emphasizing new ways in which literary scholars could come to terms with what’s unfolding right in front of our eyes: a new regime of authoriality.

Keywords: authorship, ecology of knowledge, conceptual history, the age of digital globalization, the ascension of authorship.

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Du dialogue interculturel à la construction identitaire interpersonnelle et numérique – possibles exploitations pédagogiques de la série télévisée Emily in Paris (2020)

Autor: Dumitra BARON
Email: dumitra.baron@ulbsibiu.ro

From intercultural dialogue to interpersonal and digital identity construction
– possible educational exploitations of the television series Emily in Paris (2020) –

In this article, we propose to sketch some working hypotheses around the problem of the use of television series in the teaching of the FLE, addressing in an interdisciplinary way the possible fields of exploitation of contemporary cinema. We will focus most of our observations on the use of cultural stereotypes and intercultural communication,
considering their expanded exploitation and illustration in the American television series Emily in Paris (2020). The issue of personal and cultural identity will also be explored from the perspectives of new media usage.

Keywords: cultural stereotypes, intercultural communication, media, identity construction, FLE teaching.

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