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Științe socio-umane

Aspects of Orthography, Lexic, Grammar and of Cultivation of Language from Late 19th Century Publications in Transylvania

Autor: Anca-Elena David
Email: anca.david@yahoo.com

Aspects of Orthography, Lexic, Grammar and of Cultivation of Language
from Late 19th Century Publications in Transylvania

Under the overarching category of “inestimable material and spiritual values of the national treasure” , and showing professionalism and objhectivity, 19th century Transylvanian newspapers and magazines have revealed in their pages the entire turmoil on the ocean of lthe time’s inguistic debates, with all theirrelentless searches and controversies. Credit goes in this sense to editors and associate scholars, thanks to their militant, civic attitude of high humanistic responsibility.

Keywords: language, unity, press, role, culture.

Crișan, Alexandru. Familia [The Family]. Timișoara: Editura Facla, 1973.
Grecu, Victor V. Studii de istorie a lingvisticii românești [Studies in the History of Romanian Linguistics]. București: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, 1971.
Grecu, Victor V. “Unitatea limbii în concepția lui Timotei Cipariu” [“The Unity of Language in the Conception of Timotei Cipariu”] Limba română, XXVI, 1970, nr. 26.
Grecu, Victor V. Limbă și națiune. Unitatea limbii în periodicele românești [Language and Nation. The Unity of Language in Romanian Periodicals]. Timișoara: Editura Facla, 1988.
Grecu, Victor V. “Problema unității și unificării limbii literare în Foaie pentru minte, inimă și literatură” [“The Problem of Unity and Unification of the Literary Language in Journal for mind, heart and literature”]. Cercetări de limbă și literatură, Oradea (1969).
Hangiu, Ion. Dicționarul presei literare românești, (1790-1990) [Dictionary of the Romanian Literary Press], (1790-1990). București: Editura Fundației Culturale Române, 1996.
Macrea, Dimitrie. Lingviști și filologi români [Romanian Linguists and Philologists]. București: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, 1979.
Mangiuca, Simeon. “Studii limbistice” [“Linguistic studies”]. Familia, VIII (1872).
Marienescu, Atanasie. “Numele rîului Olt” [“The Name of the Olt River”]. Familia, XXXIII (1897).
Munteanu, Șt., and V. Țâra. Istoria limbii române literare. Privire generală. [A History of Romanian Literay Language]. Bucharest: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, 1983.
Pop, G. “Originea românilor” [“The Origins of the Romanians”]. Familia, XVI (1880).
Popescu, Radu. “Contribuția revistei Familia la cultivarea limbii române literare” [“Contributions to the Family Magazine in Cultivating the Romanian Literary Language”]. Limba română, XV, nr. 2 (1966).
Popescu, Radu. “Concepția lingvistică a lui Iosif Vulcan” [“The Linguistic Conception of Iosif Vulcan]. Cercetări de limbă și literatură, II (1969).

Intertextualitatea ca formă de exprimare a ironiei în jurnalismul satiric

Autor: Ioana-Tatiana Ciocan
Email: ioana.ciocan@ulbsibiu.ro

Intertextuality as a Form of the Irony in Satirical Press

The irony represents a fundamental element in satirical press. The most well-known form of its expression is the intertextuality. This article brings in discussion the titles from satirical press which are based on intertextuality. The examples absorbed in study, concerning the Romanian press, are references to fiction, music, arts, history and religion. We will try to demonstrate how the intertextual pictures will become levers in the hands of the journalists, regarding this kind of direct and grossed ironic references which have the persuasive and captatio benevolantiae purpose.

Keywords: Irony, Intertextuality, Satirical Press, Parody, Journalistic Discourse, Persuation.

Ciocan, Ioana-Tatiana, and Bianca-Elena Voșloban. “Aspecte ale pastișei și parodiei în presa românească satirică” [Parody and Pastiche of Satirical Romanian Press]. Saeculum, vol. 47, nr. 1 (2019): 209-15.
Copăcel, Natalia Alina. “Aspecte ale ironiei în discursul publicistic românesc actual din perspectiva rolului pragmatic al titlurilor” [Aspects of Irony in the Current Romanian Journalistic Discourse from the Perspective of the Pragmatic Role of the Titles]. In Creativity, imaginary, language, edited by Claudiu Marian Bunăiașu, Xenia Negrea, and Alina Țenescu, 156-170. Craiova: SITECH, 2014.
Cvasnîi Cătănescu, Maria. Retorică publicistică – de la paratext la text [Press Rhetoric – from Paratext to Text]. Bucharest: Editura Universității din București, 2006.
Defays, Jean-Marc. Comicul: principii, procedee, desfăşurare [Comedian. Principles, Procedures, Deployment]. Translated by Ştefania Bejan. Iaşi: Editura Institutului pentru Cooperare Cultural-Ştiinţifică, 2000.
Hutcheon, Linda. Poetica postmodernismului [A Poetics of Postmodernism]. Bucharest: Editura Univers, 2002.
Jankelevitch, Vladimir. Ironia [Irony]. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Dacia, 1994.
Morar, Vasile. Estetica. Interpretări şi texte [Aesthetics. Interpretations and Texts]. Bucureşti: Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti, 2003.
Pârvu, Ioana Cristina. Arhitectura textului jurnalistic actual [The Arhitecture of the Current Journalistic Text]. București: Editura Universității din București, 2008.
Popescu, Cristian Florin. Dicționar explicativ de jurnalism, relații publice și publicitate [Explanatory Dictionary of Journalism, Public Relations and Advertising]. București: Editura Tritonic, 2002.

Dimentions of Discourse

Autor: Raluca SOARE
Email: raluca.soare@ulbsibiu.ro

Dimensions of Discourse

Discourse, thinking and reality intimately interact in the realm of conscience, their interrelation defining itself as meaning. Factual and symbol, event and structure, object and discourse are not phases or sequences, but compose an inextricable unity. Discourse integrates time and space in a play of intelligibility, while revealing the depths of thinking, the adjustment to circumstances and the confrontation with the object.

Keywords: discourse, thinking, reality, knowledge, language, discourse context

Baudrillard, Jean. The Mirror of Production. St. Louis: Telos Press, 1975.
Benveniste, Emile. Problèmes de linguistique generale [Problems in General Lingustics]. Paris: Gallimard, 1966.
Biard, Joël, Buvat, Daniel, Kervegan, Jean-François. L’introduction à la science de la logique de Hegel [Introduction to Hegel’s Science of Knowledge]. Paris: Aubier, 1981.
Brisson, Luc. Introduction à la philosophie du mythe [Introduction to the Philosophy of Myth]. Paris: Vrin, 1996.
Deleuze, Gilles, Guattari, Fếlix. Ce este filosofia [What Is Philosophy]. Târgoviște: Ed. Pandora, 1999.
Detienne, Marcel. L’invention de la mythologie [The Invention of Mythology]. Paris: Gallimard, 1981.
Ferry, Jean-Marc. Philosophie de la communication. De l’antinomie de la verité à la fondation ultime de la raison [Philosophy of Communication. From the Antinomy of Philosophy to the final foundation of reason]. Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1994.
Heidegger, Martin. On the Way to Language. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1982.
Iliescu, Adrian-Paul. Filosofia limbajului și limbajul filosofiei [Philosophy of Language and Language of Philosophy] București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, 1989.
Lévi- Strauss, Claude. Antropologia structurală [Structural Anthropology]. București: Ed. Politică, 1978.
Maingueaneau, Dominique. “Analysing Self-Constructing Discourses.” Discourse Studies 1, no.2 (May 1999): 175-199.Maingueaneau, Dominique. L’énonciation philosophique comme institution discursive [Philosophical Statement as Discoursive Institution]. Paris: Larousse, 1995.
Platon. Opere [Works], vol. I, vol. VI. București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, 1977.
Vattimo, Gianni. Dincolo de subiect [Beyond the Subject]. Constanța: Ed. Pontica,1994.

Elevă la școala de fete romano-catolică în anii 30 ai secolului XX. Studiu de caz: Școala de călugărițe franciscane din Petroșani și Institutul Notre Dame de Sion din Galați

Autor: Bianca Rodica KARDA
Email: bibikarda1@gmail.com

Female student at the Roman-catholic school in the 1930s.
Case study: The school of Franciscan Nuns from Petroșani
and the Notre Dame de Sion Institute from Galați

The confessional Roman-catholic education in interwar Romania was a prestigious brand for all graduates. This paper aims to point out, in the mirror, the type of instruction and education the girls were provided with, at two of the confessional schools in Romania. It involves the political, economical and social context these institutions functioned within and the school life of two girls. Margit Miko, a Hungarian girl from Călan, Hunedoara county, attended a small Franciscan school from Petroșani between 1932-1936. Cornelia Georgescu, a Romanian girl attended the elitist school of Notre Dame de Sion nun order from Galați a few years later.

Keywords: Roman-catholic church, confessional schools, girls, students, education

Anania, Valeriu. Pro Memoria. Acțiunea catolicismului în România interbelică/ Pro Memory. [The Action of Catholicism in interwar Romania]. Bucharest: Editura Institutului Biblic și de Misiune al Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, 1993.
Árpád, Bitay. Regulament pentru punerea în aplicare a legii învățământului particular / [A magánoktatási törveny végrehajtási utasitása. A magyar egyházak megbizásából Cluj – Kolozsvár, A Minerva Irodalmi és Nyomdai Műintézet Részvénytársaság Kiadása, 1926/ [Regulation for implementation of the law of private education], Monitorul Oficial 1926.
Politica școlară a României întregite – Aspectul confesional și minoritar – Discurs rostit în ședința dela 29 iunie 1924 a Adunării Deputaților cu ocaziunea Reformei Învățământului Primar de Dr. I. Mateiu deputat de Turda Arieș, București/ School policy of Great Romania – the confessional and minorities Aspect – Speech held in the meeting of The Assembly of Deputies on June 29, 1924 on the occasion of the Reform of primary education. Imprimeria Statului, 1924.
Ferenc, Both. A Timisoarai (Temesvári) Kegyestanitórendi Rom. Kath. Főgimnázium Értesitője az 1920-21. Iskolai Évről [The Directory of the Roman Catholic School for Boys from Timișoara on school year 1920-1921]. Timisoara: Csendes Testvérek Könyvnyomdai Müintézete.
Lege pentru învățământul secundar promulgată cu Înaltul Decret Regal No. 1.308 din 8 Mai 1928 și publicată în Monitorul Oficial No. 105, partea I, din 15 Mai 1928 cu toate modificările până la 7 Mai 1934/ Law for secondary education promulgated with the High Royal Decree No. 1308 from May 8, 1928 and published in The Official Gazette Nr. 105, first part, from May 15, 1928 with all changes until May, 7, 1934, Ministerul Instrucțiunii, al Cultelor și Artelor, Atelierele Grafice SOCEC & Co., S. A. București 1934
Filipovici, Anca. Învățământul secundar feminin în România interbelică [Secondary female education in interwar Romania] în Educația publică și condiționările sale (secolele XIX-XX), Cătălina Mihalache, Leontinas Rados (coord.). Iași: Editura Universității “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, 2015.
Ghibu, Onisifor. Catolicismul unguresc în Transilvania și politica religioasă a statului român [Hungarian Catholicism in Transylvania and the religious policy of Romania]. Cluj: Institutul de Arte Grafice “Ardealul” str. Memorandului No. 22., 1924.
Gidó, Attila. School market and the educational institutions in Transylvania, Partium and Banat between 1919 and 1948 în Institutul pentru studierea problemelor minorităților naționale. Cluj-Napoca, 2011.
Nóda, Mózes. Învățământul confesional romano-catolic din Transilvania în perioada interbelică [The Roman-catholic confessional education from Transylvania during interwar]. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca. Seria Theologica, 2002.

Contribuții la studierea diplomației române în nordul Africii (1989-2019). Cooperarea cu Regatul Maroc

Autor: Dan-Alexandru POPESCU
Email: dalex.popescu@gmail.com

Contributions to the Study of Romanian Diplonacy in North Africa (1989-2019).
Cooperation with the Kingdom of Morocco

Recently, we celebrated fifty-seven years since the establishment of diplomatic relations on an embassy level between Romania and the Kingdom of Morocco. What was the basis of the political engagement between the two countries, but also which were the concrete results of this cooperation of more than half a century? Last but not least: where do we situate ourselves today and which are our objectives? The present paper sets out to contribute to a better knowledge of the diplomatic relations between Romania and the Arab-African world, with special reference to the Kingdom of Morocco. The main idea is in fact a combination of various connected themes: Romanian diplomacy in Northern Africa (the Maghreb), the Euro-Mediterranean space, a territory ripe in specific cultures and civilizations, and the rising security challenges or threats in contemporary society.

Keywords: Romanian diplomacy, North Africa, Morocco, Arab states, cooperation.

***, Ambasada României în Regatul Maroc, „Relaţii bilaterale – Scurt istoric”, https://rabat.mae.ro/.
Annan, Kofi, and Nader Mousavizadeh. Interventions. A Life in War and Peace. London: Allen Lane – Penguin Books, 2012.
Chiriţă, Elena. Diplomaţi în jurul lumii. Convorbiri cu soţii de ambasadori [Diplomats around the World. Discussions with the Wives of Ambassadors]. Bucharest: Editura Universitară, 2014.
Corlan-Ioan, Simona. Inventarea Africii negre, Călătorii în imaginarul european al secolului al XIX-lea [The Invention of Black Africa Journeys in the European Imaginary in the 19th Century]. Cluj-Napoca: Dacia, 2001.
Corlan-Ioan, Simona, ed. Negru pe alb – memorii, istorii, identităţi în Africa francofonă [Black on White – Memoirs, Histories, Identities in Francophone Africa]. Bucharest: Institutul Cultural Român, 2006.
Corlan-Ioan, Simona. Invention de Tombouctou, Histoires des récits occidentaux sur la ville pendant les XIXe-XXe siècles. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2014.
Cruceanu, Viorel. Africa de Nord: veacul încercărilor (1815-1914) [North Africa: The Century of Tentions], vol. 1: Tunisia-Egipt. Bucharest: Total Publishing, 2018.
Cruceanu, Viorel. Africa de Nord: veacul încercărilor (1815-1914) [North Africa: The Century of Tentions], vol. 2: Maroc. Bucharest: Total Publishing, 2019.
Dafir, Amine. „Le Maroc face à la crise internationale : contribution de la diplomatie économique.” Revue internationale de management et de stratégie, VA Press (12/04/2014), https://www.revue-rms.fr/Le-Maroc-face-a-la-crise-internationale-contribution-de-la-diplomatie-economique_a23.html.
***, Decizia Consiliului privind încheierea Acordului de parteneriat în domeniul pescuitului sustenabil dintre Uniunea Europeană și Regatul Maroc, a protocolului său de punere în aplicare și a schimbului de scrisori care însoțește acordul, Consiliul UE (4/03/2019), https://www.consilium.europa.eu/ro/press/press-releases/2019/03/04/eu-morocco-council-adopts-sustainable-fisheries-partnership-agreement/.
***, Déclaration conjointe de l’Union européenne et du Maroc suite à la 14ème réunion du Conseil d’Association UE-Maroc („Partenariat euro-marocain de prospérité partagée”), Consiliul UE (27/06/2019), https://www.consilium.europa.eu/fr/press/press-releases/2019/06/27/joint-declaration-by-the-european-union-and-the-kingdom-of-morocco-for-the-fourteenth-meeting-of-the-association-council/.
***, Dicţionar diplomatic [Diplomatic Dictionary]. Bucharest: Editura Politică, 1979.
Djuvara, Neagu. Amintiri din pribegie [Memoirs from Wandering]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2005.
Dragoman, Dragoş, Sabina-Adina Luca, and Gheorghiţă, Bogdan, ed. Faits culturels et dynamique territoriale. Sibiu: Presses de l’Université „Lucian Blaga” de Sibiu, 2016.
Dworkin, Anthony, and Fatim-Zohra El Malki. The Southern front line: EU counter-terrorism cooperation with Tunisia and Morocco, European Council on Foreign Relations, 15 February 2018.
El Alami, Mohamed. Le protocole et les us et coutumes au Maroc, 2ème édition. API Éditions, 2012.
Ferro, Marc. La colonisation expliquée à tous. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2016.
Gauthier, Gilles. Entre deux rives. 50 ans de passion pour le monde arabe. Paris: Éditions J.-C. Lattès, 2018.
Jisa, Simona, Buata B. Malela, and Sergiu Mişcoiu, eds. Littérature et politique en Afrique : approche transdisciplinaire. Paris: Les éditions du cerf, collection Cerf Patrimoines, 2018.
Kapuściński, Ryszard. Ébène. Aventures africaines. Paris: Librairie Plon, 2000.
Keenan, Brigid. Mes valises diplomatiques. Les tribulations d’une épouse d’ambassadeur. Paris: Éditions Payot & Rivages, 2010.
Maliţa, Mircea. Diplomaţia. Şcoli şi instituţii [Diplomacy. Schools and Institutions]. Bucharest: Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, 1975.
***, „Maroc-UE: Chronologie d’un démi-siècle de partenariat stratégique”, Le 360 avec MAP (26/06/2019), http://fr.le360.ma/politique/maroc-ue-chronologie-dun-demi-siecle-de-partenariat-strategique-193121.
Lahlou, Mehdi. „Migration dynamics in play in Morocco: trafficking and political relationships and their implications at the regional level.” MENARA Working Papers, No. 26 (November 2018).
***, „La révolution en ligne.” Revue des deux mondes, Paris (mai 2011).
Mișcoiu, Sergiu, Laura M. Herța, and József Benedek, eds. “Stories from Different Worlds.” Transylvanian Review, Vol. XXVII, Supplement No. 1 (2018).
Mişcoiu, Sergiu, Sèdagban Hygin F. Kakaï, and Kokou Folly L. Hetcheli, eds. Recul démocratique et neo-présidentialisme en Afrique Centrale et Occidentale. Iași: Institutul European, 2015.
Nydell, Margaret K. Ce ştim despre arabi? [What do We Know About the Arabs?]. Bucharest: Niculescu, 2008.
Pancracio, Jean-Paul. Dictionnaire de la diplomatie. Paris: Éditions Dalloz / Micro Buss, 2007.
Popescu, Dan-Alexandru. „Éducation et culture, au service d’un développement durable et solidaire. L’Afrique du Nord et l’Europe : deux territoires d’un seul espace d’échanges et de communication.” In Faits culturels et dynamique territoriale, edited by Dragoş Dragoman, Sabina-Adina Luca, Bogdan Gheorghiţă. Sibiu: Presses de l’Université „Lucian Blaga” de Sibiu, 2016.
Preda, Cristian Dan. Un vazaha printre malgaşi [A ‘vazaha’ between the ‘malgasi’]. Bucharest: Baroque Books & Arts, 2019.
Renard, Thomas, ed. Returnees in the Maghreb: comparing policies on returning foreign terrorist fighters in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. Bruxelles: Egmont Institute – Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, April 2019.
Riordan, Shaun. Noua diplomaţie. Relaţii internaţionale moderne [The New Diplomacy]. Bucharest: Antet XX Press, 2004.
Sora, Steluţa Simona. Managementul carierei diplomatice. Iași: Institutul European, 2017.
***, The Africa-EU Strategic Partnership. A Joint Africa-EU Strategy 2007, Comisia Europeană, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/regions/africa/continental-cooperation/joint-africa-eu-strategy_en; The Africa-EU Partnership. 2 Unions, 1 Vision, Summit Edition 2014, broşură: https://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/sites/default/files/documents/jaes_summit_edition2014_en_electronic_final.pdf
Turbăceanu, Aurel. Arabii şi relaţiile româno-arabe. Bucharest: Niculescu, 2010.

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Buddhist Cantos from Bucharest. II. Ion Pillat’s Indic Poetry of Transmigration [Asia in Europe III]

Autor: Eugen CIURTIN
Email: ciurtin.eug@mahidol.ac.th

Buddhist Cantos from Bucharest. II. Ion Pillat’s Indic Poetry of Transmigration
[Asia in Europe III]

This contribution in three parts analyses for the first time Ion Pillat’s Buddhist poetry of his debut volume (Visări budiste [Buddhist Reveries] from Visări păgâne [Pagan Reveries], (Bucharest: Minerva – Institut de Arte Grafice și Editură, 1912) compared against plausible European and Asian religious and literary sources, contexts, and significance, in order to palliate the callous non-sense of some literary critics and the cultural prejudice inflicted by some scholars of religion. The five poems – A Buddhist Prayer (a title subsequently changed to A Prayer to the Buddha), Samsara [saṃsāra], Towards Nirvana, Karman and A Hymn of Worship – are illustrative of the wider topics and literary moves of an ‘Asian Renaissance’, and highlight the Buddhist legacy of Eugène Burnouf (1801-1852), a professor of the Collège de France who would become the founding father of modern Buddhist Studies worldwide and whose Magna Carta of Buddhist Studies would also have a Romanian echo, from Odobescu (who moreover frequented his classes) to Eminescu (who authored more and better Buddhist cantos) or Georgian (the first to critically edit Sanskrit texts) to young Pillat, a schoolboy, then student in Paris since 1905, to become the first translator into Romanian of another pupil of Sanskrit India in Paris and Harvard in 1910-1914, T. S. Eliot.

Keywords: Ion Pillat, Asia in Europe, Buddhist writings in Pāli and Sanskrit, European literature, karman, saṃsāra, Romanian literature, T. S. Eliot.

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Bhose, Amita. Eminescu și India. Iași: Junimea, 1978.
Bogdan-Duică, G.[heorghe]. “[Informațiuni literare] Bătrânul și tânărul. Cărțile albe: 1. Visări păgâne de Ion Pillat. 2. Flori sacre de Alexandru Macedonschi”. Românul [Arad], An 12, Nr. 228 (Marți 16/29 octombrie 1912): 1-3.
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Tradiție și modernitate în romanul japonez modern. Relația Orient-Occident în proza lui Shusaku Endo

Autor: Teodora SUSARENCO
Email: susarenco98@gmail.com

Tradition and modernity in the modern Japanese novel.
The East-West relationship in Shusaku Endo’s prose

This article approaches two general aspects concerning the mechanisms and processes that led to the emergence of the modern Japanese novel and, at the same time, it follows the historical and socio-cultural context in which the evolution of the modern Japanese novel took place. The first part of the article describes the historical and literary phenomena of the twentieth century such as the Mieji Restoration (1868) or the influence of the West in the Japanese literary development process. The second part examines, in relation to the biography and work of the Japanese author Shusaku Endo, a new perspective related to the intercultural dialogue, which is relevant for describing the relationship between tradition and modernity in Japanese literature.

Keywords: Mieji Restoration, Westernization, Christianity, identity, cultural paradigm.

Anesaki, Masaharu. History of Japanese Religion. Translated by P. Kegan. London: Tuttle Publishing, 1930.
Grigore, Rodica. “Shusaku Endo: from the Silence of the East to the Silence of God.” Theory in Action, Vol. 3, No. 1 (January 2010).
Hasegawa-Mase, Emi. Christ in Japanese Culture Theological Themes in Shusaku Endo’s Literary Works. Boston: Brill’s Japanese Studies Library, 2008.
Hisaaki, Yomanouchi. Privire asupra literaturii japoneze moderne [The Search for Authenticity in Modern Japanese Literature]. Translated by Valentin Negoiță. Bucharest: Editura Univers, 1989.
Keene, Donald, Literatura Japoneză [Modern Japanese Literature]. Translated by Doina and Mircea Opriță. Bucharest: Editura Univers, 1991.
Netland, John T. “From Resistance to “Kenosis”: Reconciling Cultural Difference in the Fiction of Endo Shusaku.” Christianity and Literature, Vol. 48, No. 2 (1999).
Simu, Octavian. Civilizația japoneză tradițională [Traditional Japanese Civilization]. Bucharest: Editura Herald, 2012.
Williams, Mark B. Endo Shusaku: A Literature of Reconciliation. London: Routledge, 1999.

Culturemele chineze – purtătorii celor mai subtile aluzii culturale – în traducere românească (II)

Autor: Iulia Elena GÎȚĂ
Email: iulia.gita@ulbsibiu.ro

Chinese Culturemes – the Becarers of the Most Subtle Cultural Implications –
in Romanian Translation (II)

Culturemes are the markers of the source culture, which can reach the reader in the target language only through the ability of the translator, who must, in fact, be a great connoisseur of the most hidden cultural details. For the transposition of a foreign culture into a new culture, for a communication between them, a loan is needed, retrieval and processing of information so that it is accepted. In order to achieve this goal, a corpus of culturemes from 31 contemporary Chinese novels translated in Romanian between 2000 and 2018 through direct translation were analysed.

Keywords: cultureme, Chinese literature, literary translation, literary reception, cultural transfer.

Appiah, K. Anthony. “Stereotypes and the Shaping of Identity.” California Law Review, vol. 88, no. 1 (2000): 41-54.
Bassnett, Susan. Translation Studies. London: Routledge, 2005.
Bassnett, Susan, and André Lefevere. Translation, History, and Culture. London: Cassell, 1995.
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Bassnett, Susan, and André Lefevere. “The Cultural Turn in Translation Studies.” Translation, History and Culture (1990): 19-25.
Bălan, Luminița. “INTERVIU – Prof. Univ. Dr. Luminița Bălan: Literatura chineză contemporană este o oglindă a întregii sale tradiții culturale.” Interview by D. Tomozei. 24 August 2017.
Benkö, Otto. “Culturema. Punct final?”. In Elemente de teoria şi practica informaţiei şi comunicării. Timişoara: Tipografia Universităţii din Timişoara, 1989.
Berza, De Maria, and Maria Berza. “Traducerea Literară – Un Hobby Sau o Profesie, Un Meșteșug Sau Un Act De Creație?” Filiala București – Traduceri Literare (FITRALIT) – Uniunea Scriitorilor Din România, 1 Mar. 2017, https://www.fitralit.ro/28-02-2017-traducerea-literara-un-hobby-sau-o-profesie-un-mestesug-sau-un-act-de-creatie/.Lungu-Badea, Georgiana. “Argument.” Translationes, vol. 3, no. 1 (Jan. 2011). doi: 10.2478/tran-2014-0043.
Bhabha, Homi K. “Introduction: Narrating the nation.” In Nation and narration, edited Homi K. Bhabha, 1-8. London: Routledge, 1990.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
Bourdieu, Pierre. “A Conservative Revolution in Publishing.” Translation Studies (2008): 123–153 .
Bourdieu, Pierre, and James S. Coleman. Social theory for a changing society: Conference entitled “Social theory and emerging issues in a changing society”: Papers. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991.
Eco, Umberto. Experiences in translation. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.
Hua, Yu. În viață. Translated by Mugur Zlotea. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2017.
Hua, Yu. China in zece cuvinte. Translated by Mugur Zlotea. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2018.
Hua, Yu. Interview by Michael Standaert. 30 August 2003. http://u.osu.edu/mclc/online-series/yuhua/.
Hutcheon, Linda. A Theory of Adaptation. London: Routledge, 2006.
Lefevere André. Translating literature: the German tradition: from Luther to Rosenzweig. Assen, Amsterdam: Van Gorcum, 1977.
Lefevere, André. “Translation: Its Genealogy in the West.” Translation. History & Culture (1990), 15–27.
Lefevere, André, and Susan Bassnett. Where Are We in Translation Studies? Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1998.
Lungu-Badea, Georgiana. Teoria culturemelor, teoria traducerii [Theory of Culturemes, Theory of Translation]. Timişoara: Editura Universităţii de Vest, 2004.
Lungu-Badea, Georgiana. “Remarques sur le concept de culturème [Remarks on the Concepts of Culturemes]. Translationes, 1(1). doi: 10.2478/tran-2014-0003 (2009).
Mo, Yan. Baladele usturoiului din Paradis. Translated by Luminița Bălan. Bucharest: Humanitas Fiction, 2013.
Mo, Yan. Ţara vinului: roman. Translated by Luminița Bălan. Bucharest: Humanitas Fiction. 2014.
Mo, Yan. Femeia cu buchetul de flori. Translated by Luminița Bălan. Bucharest: Humanitas Fiction, 2016.
Mo, Yan. Cronica unui negustor de sange. Translated by Luminița Bălan. Bucharest: Humanitas Fiction, 2017.
Mo, Yan. Obosit de viata, obosit de moarte. Translated by Dinu Luca. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2012.
Mo, Yan. Sorgul Rosu. Translated by Dinu Luca. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2o12.
Mo, Yan. Schimbarea. Translated by Bogdan Perdivară and Florentina Vișan. Bucharest: Editura Trei, 2012.
Olk, Harald Martin. “Cultural references in translation: a framework for quantitative translation analysis.” Perspectives, 21 (3) (2013): 344–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2011.646279
Skinner, Quentin. “Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas.” History and Theory 8.1 (1969): 3‐53.
Tilea, Monica. Teorii ale Receptării. Craiova: Editura Universitaria, 2014.
Vermeer, Hans. “Is Translation a Linguistic or a Cultural Process?” Ilha do Desterro, no. 28 (1992): 37–49.

Ce dispare dacă dispare literatura? (patru comentarii despre exilul literaturii)

Autor: Iulian BOCAI
Email: iulibocai@gmail.com

What would disappear if literature disappeared? (four comments
on the exile of literature)

The paper is a general comment on the recurring theme of the institutional decline of literary study and the death of the traditional canon, as discussed by Mircea Martin in his essay „The Exile of Literature”. In Romania, as elsewhere, the issue has been fiercely debated; I try to show how some of the changes in attitude towards the traditional can be better explained by a careful analysis of the logical consequences of the tenets of important theoretical schools, namely formalism and sociology. I also argue that the traditional canon should not primarily be considered as an educational device and that its fate does not directly depend on its didactic use.

Keywords: literary theory, sociology of literature, formalism, literary education

Martin, Mircea. “Exilul literaturii” [“The Exile of Literature”]. Observator cultural, no. 996 (2019).

Exilul literaturii


Tînianov, Iuri. “Noțiunea de construcție” [“The Notion of Construction”]. In Poetică și stilistică. Orientări moderne. Bucharest: Editura Univers, 1972.

Muzeul legendelor urbane

Autor: Cosmin CIOTLOȘ
Email: cosminciotlos@gmail.com

The Museum of Urban Legends

Daniel Pișcu’s poetry already started its editorial life long before its author’s debut per se. Many of his colleagues at the Monday Literary Circle (among which Mircea Cărtărescu and Romulus Bucur’s names are the most prominent) quoted him in their books, thus contributing to the emergence of a legend of the generation. When Pișcu started to publish, he strived, during the period after the fall of the Romanian communism regime, to confirm the oral reputation that haloed him, by discussing and, in a subtle way, taking the stories of his first youth close to a museum type of narrative. The current essay follows and expands on the tactics through which this discreete author managed to remain deeply original for four decades, while staying loyal not necessarily to his own writing, but primarily to the public image that had been generated by his writing from the very beginning.

Keywords: Romanian contemporary poetry, Monday Literary Circle, Daniel Pișcu, wordplay, limerick, reading community

Cărtărescu, Mircea. Faruri, vitrine, fotografii [Spotlights, Display Windows, Photos]. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1980.
Cărtărescu, Mircea. Ochiul căprui al dragostei noastre [The Brown Eye of Our Love]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2012.
Cărtărescu, Mircea. Poezia [Poetry]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2015.
Cărtărescu, Mircea. Postmodernismul românesc [Romanian Postmodernism], ediția a doua. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2010.
Doman, Dumitru Augustin, ed. Generația ’80 văzută din interior. O istorie a grupării în interviuri [The 80s Literary Generation from Within. A History of the Group in Interviews]. Bucharest: Tracus Arte, 2010.
Minulescu, Ion. Opere. Versuri. Romanțe pentru mai târziu. De vorbă cu mine însumi. Strofe pentru toată lumea. Nu sunt ce par a fi… Patrusprezece inedite. Cinci grotești. Din periodice. Inedite și postume. Traduceri și prelucrări [Workes. Verses. Romances for Later. Talking to Myself. Stanzas for Everyone. I Am Not What I Seem to Be. Fourteen Unpublished. Five Grotesque. From Periodicals. Unpublished and Posthumaus. Tanslationsand Adaptations.]. Edited by Ștefan Firică and Alexandru Farcaș, chronolgy by Ştefan Firică, introduction by Eugen Simion. București: Academia Română || Fundația Naţională pentru Ştiinţă şi Artă || Muzeul Naţional al Literaturii Române, 2018.
Mușina, Alexandru. Scrisorile unui fazan. Epistolarul de la Olănești [Letters of a Pheasant. The Epistolary from Olănești]. Chișinău: Cartier, 2006.
Pișcu, Daniel. Aide-mémoire. București: Litera, 1989.
Pișcu, Daniel. Cel mai mare roman al tuturor timpurilor [The Greatest Novel of All Time]. Brașov: Aula, 2002.
Pișcu, Daniel. Halucinogene [Hallucinogens]. București: Casa de Pariuri Literare, 2018.
Pișcu, Daniel. Jucătorul de cărți [The Card Player]. București: Vinea, 2006.
Pișcu, Daniel. Per amorem. Bistrița: Charmides, 2014.
Pișcu, Daniel. Piața Sfatului (La mele) [The Council Square (At My)]. București: Ideea Europeană, 2011.
Pișcu, Daniel. Poemul lui Nokia [Nokia’s Poem]. București: Tracus Arte, 2013.
Pișcu, Daniel. Scrisorile de acasă [Letters form Home]. Pitești: Editura Vlasie, 1995.

Hermeneutica autenticității optzeciste: accente ontologice ale scriiturii

Autor: Flavia-Domnica CRĂSTĂNUȘ
Email: flavia.crastanus@ulbsibiu.ro

The Hermenentics of Authenticity in the 80s Generation:
Onthological Accents in Writing

The present paper aims to highlight the concept of authenticity as a core and first objective of the 80`s literary generation with an emphasis on the prosaic sector of the time. In a hermeneutic approach, the paper relies on the presentation of a “new authenticity” differently marked from the modernist approaches and which is reflected in the concrete plan of writing, whose ontological investment or interaction with the (i)mmediated reality is attributed to the experimental context, but especially to the textualist paradigm of the generation.

Keywords: authenticity, textualism, 80`s generation, writing, short prose

Crăciun, Gheorghe. Pulsul prozei [The Pulse of Prose]. București: Editura Polirom, 2018.
Crăciun, Gheorghe. Competiția continuă. Generația’80 în texte teoretice [The Competition Goes On. The 80 Generation in Theoretical Texts]. Pitești: Editura Paralela 45, 1999.
Manolache, Gheorghe. Regula lui doi (registre duale în developarea postmodernismului românesc) [The Rule of Two (Dual Systems in the Development of Romanian Postmodernism)]. Sibiu: Editura Universității „Lucian Blaga” din Sibiu, 2004.
Mincu, Marin. Textualism și autenticitate. Eseu despre textul poetic, III [Textualism and Authenticity]. Constanța: Editura Pontica, 1993.
Mușat, Carmen. Strategiile subversiunii. Incursiuni în proza postmodernă [The Strategies of Subversion. Incursions into Postmodern Prose]. București: Editura Cartea Românească, 2008.
Oțoiu, Adrian. Trafic de frontieră. Proza generației ‘80. Strategii transgresive [Frontier Traffic: The Prose of the Generation of the Eighties]. Pitești: Editura Paralelea 45, 2000.
Soviany, Octavian. Apocaliptica textului [The Apocalypx of the Text]. București: Editura Palimpsest, 2008.

Teatrul politic românesc: vârsta post-comunismului

Autor: Maria CHIOREAN
Email: chiorean.r.maria@gmail.com

Romanian Political Theatre: The Age of Post-Communism

This paper analyses Matei Vișniec’s political theatre and the dramatic strategies employed in his effort to expose and criticise both communist theory and its correspondent regime. Representation of trauma, themes of marginality and self-censorship, as well as the influence of existentialist and absurd theatre on today’s political discourse are debated and lead to a discussion on the (im) possibility of evading ideology.

Keywords: Vișniec, anti-communism, ideology critique, affect, absurd theatre, humanism.

Arendt, Hannah. The Origins of Totalitarianism. London: Penguin Classics, 2017.
Bahtin, Mihail. Probleme de literatură și estetică [Questions of Literature and Aesthetics]. Bucharest: Univers, 1982.
Boal, Augusto. Teatrul oprimaților și alte poetici politice [Theatre of the Opressed]. Bucharest: Nemira, 2017.
Boym, Svetlana. The Future of Nostalgia. New York: Basic Books, 2011.
Buden, Boris. Zonă de trecere: despre sfârșitul postcomunismului [The Zone of Transition: On the End of Post-Communism]. Cluj-Napoca: Tact, 2012.
Crețu, Bogdan. Matei Vișniec: un optzecist atipic [Matei Vișniec: An Unusual 80s Writer]. Iași: Editura Universității “Alexandru Cuza”, 2005.
Gilbert, Sandra, and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the attic: the Woman Writer and the Nineteen-Century Literary Imagination. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2000.
Hirsch, Marianne. “The Generation of Postmemory.” Poetics Today, 29, 1 (1 March 2008): 103–128.
Morgan, Margot. Politics and Theatre in Twentieth-Century Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
Sixsmith, Martin. Rusia. Un mileniu de istorie [Russia. A Millenium of History]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2011.
Vișniec, Matei. Procesul comunismului prin teatru [The Trial of Communism in Theatrre]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2012.
Žižek, Slavoj, ed. Mapping Ideology. London: Verso, 1994.

O mie nouă sute optzeci și patru. Prezentul etern al terorii absolute

Autor: Adela DINU
Email: adeladinu83@gmail.com

1984. The Eternal Present of Absolute Terror

This article will concentrate on the consubstantiality between utopia and dystopia in the tormented twentieth century. From the naive utopia to the austere dystopia, the genre suffered considerable mutations and this shows, once again, that literature is not a remote island secluded from social and political influence. Utopia and dystopia are actually co-extensive. The specific difference is of degree and atmosphere. Utopia is the human aspiration to perfection and to orderly, aseptic and congruent worlds. And even if it presents all this from a different angle, dystopia also represents the aspiration to a pan-deterministic world, saturated of meaning. But, when compared to any utopia, dystopia is the imaginary world seen through the eyes of the heretic, of the one whose awakened consciousness perceives the fact that all the props of the state are not convincing anymore because they are not infallible anymore.

Keywords: George Orwell, dystopia, hereticism, the sacred.

Antohi, Sorin. Utopica. Studii asupra imaginarului social [Utopica. Studies on the Social Imaginary]. Bucharest: Editura Științifică, 1991.
Becker, Ernst. The Denial of Death. New York: Free Press, 1997.
Caillois, Roger. Omul și sacrul [The Man and the Sacred]. Bucharest: Nemira, 2006.
Cioran, E.M. Istorie și utopie [History and Utopia]. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2011.
Eco, Umberto. Cum ne construim dușmanul [How We Build Our Enemy]. Translated by Ștefania Mincu. Iași: Polirom, 2017.
Fromm, Erich. Frica de libertate [The Fear of Freedom]. Bucharest: Editura Teora, 1998.
Girard, René. Țapul ispășitor [The Scapegoat]. Translated by Theodor Rogin. Bucharest: Nemira, 2000.
Orwell, George. O mie nouă sute optzeci și patru [1984]. Translated by Mihnea Gafița, preface by Vladimir Tismăneanu. Iași: Polirom, 2002.
Peck, M. Scott. Psihologia minciunii. Speranța de a vindeca răul uman [The Psychology of Lie. The Hope of Healing Human Evil]. Bucharest: Curtea Veche, 2012.
Zamiatin, Evgheni. Noi [Us]. Translated by Dan Ciobanu. Bucharest: Univers, 2007.

Jeffrey Eugenides’ Complainers Through the Feminist Lens of Adrienne Rich’s and Audre Lorde’s Theories

Autor: Ana-Blanca Ciocoi-Pop
Email: anablanca.ciocoipop@ulbsibiu.ro

Jeffrey Eugenides’ Complainers Through the Feminist Lens
of Adrienne Rich’s and Audre Lorde’s Theories

Complainers is one of the ten stories that make up Eugenides’ most recent collection, Fresh Complaint, published in 2017. The story of two elderly women, who, crushed by the patriarchy and numerous glass ceilings defining their existence as wives and mothers, “elope” in a desperate attempt at self-definition and self-determination, Complainers is maybe Eugenides’ most obviously feminist piece to date, except maybe The Virgin Suicides. The present paper sets out to trace feminist discourse in Eugenides’ story by resorting to two core feminist texts, Adrienne Rich’s “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence” and Audre Lorde’s “The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House.” Through the lens of these two texts, we have attempted to prove that what Eugenides depicts in Complainers is essentially a non-sexual, but profoundly spiritual lesbian relationship.

Keywords: Jeffrey Eugenides, Adrienne Rich, Audre Lorde, feminism, lesbianism, patriarchy, Fresh Complaint, female communion

Chesler, Phylis. “Twenty Years since Women and Madness: Toward a Feminist Institute of Mental Health and Healing”. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, Institute of Mind and Behavior, Inc., Vol. 11, No. 3/4, SPECIAL ISSUE: Challenging the Therapeutic State: Critical Perspectives on Psychiatry and the Mental Health System (Summer and Autumn, 1990), pp. 313-322.
Eugenides, Jeffrey. Fresh Complaint. 4th Estate, 2017.
Gough, Kathleen. “The Origin of the Family,” in Toward an Anthropology of Women, ed. Rayna Rapp Reiter, Monthly Review Press, 1975, pp. 69-70.
Lorde, Audre. “The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House”. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Ed. Berkeley, CA: Crossing Press, 2007, pp. 110- 114.
Rich, Adrienne. “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence”, Signs, Vol. 5, No. 4, Women: Sex and Sexuality. (Summer, 1980), pp. 631-660.

Degradare și limite în proza lui Ian McEwan

Autor: Ana-Maria PARASCA
Email: anamariaparasca@yahoo.com

Degradation and limit in Ian McEwan’s narrative

Considering degradation and sexuality in its quest of reviving the readers need for representation, this paper challenges the possibilities of textual regeneration, problematizing the narrative practice as a way of voicing the multiple interfaces of the human body. Namely, through motifs like: the masturbating child, incest, sexual freedom of the mentally ill and the manipulator, this study explores the overlappings entailed in some of Ian McEwan’s novels, such as: Cement Garden, Amsterdam, On Chesil Beach, The Confort of Strangers and Atonement. Furthermore, the paper will talk about sexuality and degradation using a series of concepts as the image that encrypts the directions of limit. Lastly, this paper will present the process of limit including the evolution of the author’s narrative style and the way he treats schizoid universes through solutions such as degradation.

Keywords: Ian McEwan, transgression, limit, sexuality, degradation, body

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